Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials

Archana Chakravarty, PhD, is a UGC-Dr. D.S. Kothari Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University, India. Her research focuses on green synthesis of nanomaterials and their biomedical and environmental applications. Dr. Preeti Singh is a Postdoctoral researcher working in the Department of Fibre & Textile Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, and Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Her research focuses on photocatalysis, nanomaterials, sensors, and self-sanitized fabric material. Saiqa Ikram, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University, India. Her research concerns polymer science and technology, nanomaterials, and many other related subjects. R. N. Yadava, PhD, is Vice Chancellor at Purnea University, Bihar, India. He has researched and published extensively in the chemistry of natural products, medicinal chemistry, and alleopathy.

List of Contributors xv

Preface xxi

1 Introduction to Advanced and Sustainable Green Nanomaterial 1
Aayushi Chanderiya, Atish Roy, and Ratnesh Das

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Synthesis Methods of Nanomaterials 4

1.3 Green Synthesis 5

1.4 Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles from Plants 6

1.5 Characterization of Nanomaterials 7

1.6 Environmental and Health Concerns 9

1.7 Application 9

1.8 Future Scope 15

1.9 Ongoing Challenges 16

1.10 Conclusion 16

2 Medicinal Plant-Mediated Nanomaterials 22
Abu Taha, Nowsheenah Farooq, and Athar Adil Hashmi

2.1 Introduction 23

2.2 Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles 24

2.3 Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles 28

2.4 Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles 31

2.5 Synthesis of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles 34

2.6 Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles 35

2.7 Conclusion and Future Perspective 37

3 Microorganism-Based Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Their Applications 46
Khairatun Najwa Mohd Amin, Rohana Abu, Sharifah Fathiyah Sy Mohamad, and Afkar Rabbani Hidayatullah Hipeni

3.1 Introduction 47

3.2 Microorganism 49

3.3 Development of Microorganism-Based Synthesis of Nanomaterial 50

3.4 Mechanism of Microorganism-Based Synthesis of Nanomaterial 55

3.5 Application of Microorganism-Based Synthesized Nanomaterial 60

3.6 Conclusion and Perspective 61

4 Biopolymer-Based Nanomaterials and Their Applications 71
Baranya Murugan, Is Fatimah, MA Motalib Hossain, and Suresh Sagadevan

4.1 Introduction 72

4.2 Classification of Biopolymers 73

4.3 Synthesis Methods of Biopolymers 75

4.4 Characterization Methods of Biopolymers 75

4.5 Nanotechnology-Based Applications of Biopolymers 77

4.6 Conclusions 82

5 Photoinduced Synthesis of Nanoparticles 89
Nowsheenah Farooq, Abu Taha, and Athar Adil Hashmi

5.1 Introduction 90

5.2 Methods of Synthesis 92

5.3 Photochemical Synthesis of Nanomaterials 94

5.4 Photochemical Synthesis of UO2 Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solutions 100

5.5 Photochemical Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles 101

5.6 Conclusion 102

6 Green Nanomaterials in Textile Industry 114
Indu Kumari, Sarabjeet Kaur, and Ratnesh Das

6.1 Introduction 115

6.2 Nanomaterials Consistent with Textiles 116

6.3 Techniques Related to Textile Functionalization 117

6.4 Utilization of Nanotechnology in Textile Industry 120

6.5 Nanomaterials with Different Functional Textiles 121

6.6 Conclusion 125

7 Drug-delivery, Antimicrobial, Anticancerous Applications of Green Synthesized Nanomaterials 131
Sivasubramanian Murugappan, Monika Pebam, Sri Amruthaa Sankaranarayanan, and Aravind Kumar Rengan

7.1 Introduction 132

7.2 Gold Nanoparticles 133

7.3 Silver Nanoparticles 137

7.4 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles 141

7.5 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles 147

7.6 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles 150

7.7 Carbon Based Nanomaterials 153

7.8 Conclusion and Future Directions 156

8 How Eco-friendly Nanomaterials are Effective for the Sustainability of the Environment 169
Manoj Kumar, Preeti Sharma, Archana Chakravarty, Sikandar Paswan, and Deepak Kumar Bhartiya

8.1 Introduction 170

8.2 Eco-friendly Nanomaterials 172

8.3 Green Nanomaterial for Removal of Water Contamination 175

8.4 Green Nanomaterial for Removal of Soil Pollution 178

8.5 Conclusion 179

9 Magnetotactic Bacteria-Synthesized Nanoparticles and Their Applications 187
Juhi Gupta and Athar Adil Hashmi

9.1 Introduction 188

9.2 Characteristics of Magnetosomes (MNPs)—Biogenic NPs and Their Physico-Chemical Properties 190

9.3 Synthesis of Magnetosomes 193

9.4 MNPs Relative to Chemically Synthesized NPs 194

9.5 Applications of Magnetosomes 197

9.6 Conclusion and Future Perspective 200

10 Biofabrication of Nanoparticles in Wound-Healing Materials 208
Nishat Khan, Isha Arora, Amrish Chandra, and Seema Garg

10.1 Introduction 209

10.2 Nanoparticles 215

10.3 Nanocomposites or Composite Nanoparticles 216

10.4 Coatings and Scaffolds 218

10.5 Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles 220

10.6 Conclusion 225

11 Cellulosic Nanomaterials for Remediation of Greenhouse Effect 228
Athanasia Amanda Septevani, Melati Septiyanti, Annisa Rifathin, David Natanael Vicarneltor, Yulianti Sampora, Benni F. Ramadhoni, and Sudiyarmanto

11.1 Introduction 229

11.2 Cellulosic Nanomaterials in Automotive Application 230

11.3 Cellulosic Nanomaterials in the Application of Thermal Insulation 233

11.4 Cellulosic Nanomaterial for Gas Capture and Separation 236

11.5 Conclusion and Future Prospective 239

12 Ecofriendly Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment 248
Neeru Dabas, Shivani Chaudhary, Ritu Rani Chaudhary, and Gautam Jaiswar

12.1 Introduction 249

12.2 Application of Ecofriendly Nanomaterials 249

12.3 Inorganic Nanoparticles 251

12.4 Synthesis of Green Nanomaterials 252

12.5 Nanocellulose Nanomaterials for Water Treatment 253

12.6 Graphene-CNT Hybrid/Graphene Hybrids (GO and Biopolymer) 254

12.7 Green Nanocomposite 256

12.8 Ecofriendly Nanomaterials from Agricultural Wastes 259

12.9 Conclusion 264

13 Bio-nanomaterials from Agricultural Waste and Its Applications 270
Shaily, Adnan Shahzaib, Fahmina Zafar, and Nahid Nishat

13.1 Introduction 271

13.2 Lignin 272

13.4 Vegetable/Fruit Waste 284

13.5 Conclusion 286

14 Peptide-Assisted Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Applications 292
Vikas Kumar

14.1 Introduction 292

14.2 Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles by Using Peptides as Template 295

14.3 Characterization of Peptide-MNP Hybrids 295

14.4 Biological and Environmental Applications of Peptide Nanoparticles 301

14.5 Conclusion 308

15 Pharmacotherapy Approach of Peptide-Assisted Nanoparticle 317
Shivani A. Kumar, Rimon Ranjit Das, and Surbhi Malik

15.1 Introduction 317

15.2 The Peptide-NP Conjugation 319

15.3 Targeted Drug Delivery 321

15.4 Pathogenic Protein Interaction Inhibition 323

15.5 Molecular Imaging 326

15.6 Liquid Biopsy 329

15.7 Summary and Outlook 331

16 Unleashing the Potential of Green-Synthesized Nanoparticles for Effective Biomedical Application 343
G.K. Prashanth, Manoj Gadewar, M. Mutthuraju, Srilatha Rao, A.S. Sowmyashree, K. Shwetha, Mithun Kumar Ghosh, B.R. Malini, and Vinita Chaturvedi

16.1 Introduction 344

16.2 Synthesis and Characterization of NPs 345

16.3 GNPs as Anti-Carcinogens 346

16.4 Green NPs as Anti-Microbials 348

16.5 Applications of Green NPs in Another Drug Delivery 354

16.6 Conclusion 354

Acknowledgments 356

References 356

Index 369