Practical Battery Design and Control

Chapter 1 - Li-ion Battery Overview and Spec

1.1. Introduction: Battery History to Li-ion Battery
1.2. Structure of Li-ion Battery
1.3. Intuitive Understanding of Charging/Discharging Mechanisms
1.3.1. Charging Mechanism
1.3.2. Discharging Mechanism
1.3.3. Chemical Reactions during Charge and Discharge
1.4. Key Innovations to Realize Li-ion Battery
1.5. Necessary Battery Knowledge to Read a Battery Specification
1.5.2. Battery Terminologies
1.5.4. Battery Cycle Life and Storage Life Spec
1.6. Problems

 

Chapter 2 - Application of Electrochemistry to Batteries

2.1. Introduction
2.2. Battery Voltage Science and Application
2.2.1. Li-ion Battery Voltage
2.3. Application of Electrochemistry to Battery Design
2.3.1. Faraday’s Law of Electrolysis
2.4. Problems

 

Chapter 3 - Battery Impedance and Its Impact on Battery Life

3.2.1. Ohm’s Law and IR Drop
3.2.3. Impedance Measurement Method by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
3.3.1. Battery Discharging under Various Current Rates
3.3.2. Battery Discharging at Various Temperatures
3.3.3. Impedance Dependency on Cycles
3.4. Usable Battery Capacity
3.5. Problems

 

Chapter 4 - Battery Charging and Impedance Impact

4.1. Introduction
4.2. Li-ion Battery Charging
4.2.1. Constant Current - Constant Voltage Charging
4.3. Fast Battery Charging
4.4. Safe Battery Charging
4.4.1. Safety Guideline and Design
4.4.2. Pre-charge
4.5. Wireless Charging
4.5.1. Introduction
4.5.2. Theory and Structure
4.5.3. Advantages and Disadvantages
4.5.4. Essentials of Wireless Charging for Battery Engineers
4.6. Problems

 

Chapter 5 - Present and Future Batteries

5.1. Introduction
5.2. Lead-Acid Battery
5.2.1. Reactions
5.2.2. Advantages and Disadvantages
5.3. Ni-MH Battery
5.3.1. Reactions
5.3.2. Advantages and Disadvantages
5.4. Li-ion Battery
5.4.1. Cathode and Anode Options
5.4.2. Details of Cathodes: LCO, NMC, NCA and LFP
5.4.3. Details of Anode: Silicon vs. Graphite
5.4.4. Details of Anode: Lithium Metal
5.4.5. All-Solid-State Battery
5.4.6. Details of Anode: LTO
5.5. Problems

 

Chapter 6 - Li-ion Battery Cell/Pack Design and Manufacturing/Recycling Process

6.1. Inside of Li-ion Battery
6.1.1. Battery Cell and Pack
6.1.2. Cell Form Factors
6.1.3. Battery Cell Structure
6.1.4. Cell Manufacturing Process
6.1.5. Thin-film Battery Manufacturing Process
6.2.1. Hazardous Situations
6.2.2. Battery Swelling
6.2.3. Safety Protections from Failure Modes
6.2.4. Quality Inspections
6.2.5. Safe Battery Tests
6.3. Battery Pack Configuration
6.3.1. Series and Parallel
6.3.2. Impact of Imbalanced Cells
6.3.3. Shipping Regulations and Battery Certifications
6.3.4. Authentication
6.3.5. Communication Protocol to Battery Pack
6.4. Sustainability and Recycling of Li-ion Batteries
6.5. Problems

 

Chapter 7 - Battery Fuel Gauging Methods

7.1. Introduction
7.2. Voltage Measurement
7.3. Coulomb Counting
7.3.1. Theory
7.3.2. Advantages and Disadvantages
7.4. Voltage Measurement + Coulomb Counting
7.4.1. Theory
7.4.2. Advantages and Disadvantages
7.5. Impedance Consideration
7.5.1. Theory
7.6. Advanced Fuel Gauging Examples
7.7. State of Health
7.8. System Side Fuel Gauge vs. Pack Side Fuel Gauge
7.9. Problems

 

Chapter 8 - Fuel Cell

8.1. Introduction
8.2. Hydrogen Fuel Cell
8.2.1. Theory
8.2.2. Structure
8.3. Fuel Cell Characteristics
8.3.1. Current vs. Voltage: I-V Curve
8.3.2. Current vs. Power: I-P Curve
8.3.3. Sporadic Current Change and Voltage Response
8.4. Temperature and Pressure Impacts on Performance
8.4.1. Application of Nernst Equation to Fuel Cell
8.4.2. Pressure Impact on Voltage and Performance
8.4.3. Temperature Impact on Voltage
8.5. Other Fuel Cells
8.5.1. Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)
8.5.2. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)
8.6 Fuel Cells Comparison to Li-ion Battery
8.7. Fuel Cell Experiments with a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Kit
8.8. Problems

 

Chapter 9 - Other Battery-Related Technologies

9.1. Introduction
9.2. Supercapacitors
9.2.1. Theory
9.2.2. Structure
9.2.3. Advantages and Disadvantages
9.2.4. Energy Calculation
9.2.5. Li-ion Capacitor
9.3. Solar Cell
9.3.1. Introduction
9.3.2. Total Energy from the Sun and Efficiency of a Commercial Solar Cell
9.3.3. Theory
9.3.4. Structure
9.3.5. I-V Curve and Maximum Power Point (MPP)
9.3.6. Value of Solar Cell on Electric Vehicle
9.3.7. Transparent Solar Cell
9.3.8. Other Solar Cell Technologies
9.4. Energy Harvesting
9.5. Heat Transfer
9.6. Problems

 

Chapter 10 - Battery Algorithms for Longevity Estimation and Extension

10.1. Battery Cycle Life and Shelf Life
10.1.1. Battery Longevity Spec
10.1.2. Battery Degradation Mechanism
10.1.3. Degradation Difference by Battery Voltages
10.2. Battery Degradation by Temperatures and its Estimation
10.2.1. Longevity Dependency on Temperature and Arrhenius Equation
10.2.2. Application of Arrhenius Equation to Estimate Battery Degradation
10.2.3. Battery Degradation Estimation by Temperature
10.3. Longevity Extension by Adaptive Charging
10.3.1. Introduction of Adaptive Charging
10.3.2. Adaptive Charging by Scheduling Application
10.3.3. Adaptive Charging through Overnight Charging: Delayed Charging
10.3.4. Adaptive Charging by Situations: Situational Charging 10.4. Problems

 

Chapter 11 - Battery Application to Various Systems

11.1.1. Battery Usage in Wearables
11.1.2. Method to Extend Battery Life
11.2. Smartphones, Tablets and Laptop PCs
11.2.1. Battery Usage in Portable Systems
11.2.2. Method to Avoid Sudden System Shutdown and Extend Battery Life
11.3. Drones
11.3.1. Battery Usage in Drones
11.3.2. Requirements to Drone Batteries
11.4. Internet Of Things (IOT) Devices
11.4.1. Example of IOT Batteries
11.4.2. Batteries for IOT Devices and Consideration in Selection
11.5. Backup/Stationary Battery
11.5.1. Examples of Backup/Stationary Battery
11.5.2. Requirements to Backup/Stationary Battery
11.6. Batteries for Electric Vehicles (EVs)
11.6.1. EV Battery Usage and Requirements
11.6.2. Algorithms for EV Batteries
11.7. Key Consideration for Longer Battery Life
11.8 Problem

 

Chapter 12 - AI/Machine Learning/Deep Learning Application to Battery Charging

12.1. Introduction
12.2. Difference between AI, Machine Learning and Deep Learning
12.3. Programming Environment Setup
12.4. Machine Learning (ML)
12.5. Deep Learning (DL)
12.5.1. Neural Network and Deep Learning
12.5.2. DL Applications in the Real World
12.6. Typical Steps in ML/DL Development
12.7. Context-Based Battery Charging: ML/DL Application to Extend Battery Longevity
12.7.1 Introduction
12.7.2 Procedure of Context-Based Battery Charging
12.7.3 Results of Context-Based Battery Charging
12.8. Typical Questions and Answers
12.9 Problem