Modern Power System Analysis

Turan Gönen is currently a professor of electrical engineering and director of the Electrical Power Educational Institute at California State University, Sacramento. He has taught electrical machines and electric power engineering for more than 39 years. Dr. Gönen also has a strong background in the power industry; for eight years he worked as a design engineer in numerous companies both in the United States and abroad. He has been a consultant for the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Aramco, Black & Veatch Consultant Engineers, and the public utility industry. Dr. Gönen has written more than 100 technical papers as well as several books. He is a Life Fellow member of the IEEE and the Institute of Industrial Engineers.

General Considerations
Introduction
Power System Planning

Basic Concepts
Introduction
Complex Power in Balanced Transmission Lines
The One-Line Diagram
The Per-Unit System
Constant-Impedance Representation of the Loads
Three-Winding Transformers
Autotransformers
The Delta-Wye and Wye-Delta Transformations
Short-Circuit MVA and Equivalent Impedance
Problems

Steady-State Performance of Transmission Lines
Introduction
Conductor Size
Transmission Line Constants
Resistance
Inductance and Inductive Reactance
Capacitance and Capacitive Reactance
Tables of Line Constants
Equivalent Circuits for Transmission Lines
Short Transmission Lines
Medium-Length Transmission Lines
Long Transmission Lines
General Circuit Constants
Underground Cable Transmission
Bundled Conductors
Effect of Ground on Capacitance of Three-Phase Lines
Problems

Disturbance of the Normal Operating Conditions and Other Problems
Introduction
Fault Analysis and Fault Types
Balanced Three-Phase Faults at No Load
Fault Interruption
Balanced Three-Phase Faults at Full Load
Application of Current-Limiting Reactors
Insulators
Grounding
Substation Grounding
Ground Conductor Sizing Factors
Mesh Voltage Design Calculations
Step Voltage Design Calculations
Types of Ground Faults
Ground Potential Rise
Transmission Line Grounds
Types of Grounding
Problems

Symmetrical Components and Sequence Impedances
Introduction
Symmetrical Components
The Operator a
Resolution of a Three-Phase Unbalanced System of Phasors into Its Symmetrical Components
Power in Symmetrical Components
Sequence Impedances of Transmission Lines
Sequence Capacitances of Transmission Lines
Sequence Impedances of Synchronous Machines
Zero-Sequence Networks
Sequence Impedances of Transformers
Problems

Analysis of Unbalanced Faults
Introduction
Shunt Faults
Generalized Fault Diagram for Shunt Faults
Series Faults
Determination of Sequence Network Equivalents for Series Faults
Generalized Fault Diagram for Series Faults
System Grounding
Elimination of SLG Fault Current by using Petersen Coils
Problems

System Protection
Introduction
Basic Definitions and Standard Device Numbers
Factors Affecting Protective System Design
Design Criteria for Protective Systems
Primary and Back-Up Protection
Relays
Sequence Filters
Instrument Transformers
The R -X Diagram
Relays as Comparators
Duality between Phase and Amplitude Comparators
Complex Planes
General Equation of Comparators
Amplitude Comparator
Phase Comparator
General Equation of Relays
Distance Relays
Overcurrent Relays
Differential Protection
Pilot Relaying
Computer Applications in Protective Relaying
Problems

Power-Flow Analysis
Introduction
Power-Flow Problem
The Sign of Real and Reactive Powers
Gauss Iterative Method
Gauss-Seidel Iterative Method
Application of Gauss-Seidel Method: Ybus
Application of Acceleration Factors
Special Features
Application of Gauss-Seidel Method: Zbus
Newton-Raphson Method
Application of Newton-Raphson Method
Decoupled Power-Flow Method
Fast Decoupled Power-Flow Method
The DC Power-Flow Method
Problems

Appendices
Impedance Tables for Overhead Lines, Transformers, and Underground Cables
Standard Device Numbers Used in Protection Systems
Unit Conversion from the English System to SI System
Unit Conversion from the SI System to English System
Prefixes
The Greek Alphabet Used for Symbols
Additional Solved Examples of Shunt Faults
Additional Solved Examples of Shunt Faults Using MATLAB®
Glossary for Modern Power System Analysis Terminology

Index

Chapters include references.