Digital Health Technology for Better Aging (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 10
Older Persons in Europe 2020: Needs and Challenges for an Interdisciplinary Polytechnic Approach 13
1 Ageing in Europe 2020 13
2 Status, Needs and Challenges for the Design and Implementation of Effective Active Healthy Ageing Solutions 16
3 A Polytechnic Approach to Design of Intuitive and Integrated AHA Services: The NESTORE Case Study 19
References 21
Designing mHealth Solutions for Better Ageing: Clinical and Methodological Perspective 23
The Multi-domain Coaching Approach to Counteract Ageing Decline 24
1 Introduction 25
2 General Framework for the Design of the NESTORE Coaching Plans 26
3 Physical Activity 27
4 Nutrition 30
5 Cognitive Status and Social Behaviour 34
6 Conclusions 35
References 36
Found in Translation: Innovative Methods of Co-design in the Development of Digital Systems for Promoting Healthy Aging 39
1 Introduction 39
1.1 Aims of the Research 40
1.2 Methods of Engagement 41
2 Design of the Research 42
3 Methods 44
4 The Study 45
4.1 Phase One 45
4.2 User Workshop Findings 46
4.3 Phase Two 50
4.4 Analysis of Phase One and Two 52
5 Transferability of User Requirements to Technologists 53
5.1 Digital Probes 53
5.2 Personas 55
5.3 Pathways 57
5.4 Co-designing the Tangible Coach 58
6 Discussion and Conclusion 59
References 61
Technology Applied to Solutions for Healthy Ageing 63
Monitoring in the Physical Domain to Support Active Ageing 64
1 Design Requirements and Guidelines 64
2 Wearable Wristband Architecture Overview 67
2.1 Industrial Design and User Interface Solution 70
2.2 Technology Selection 73
2.3 Wristband Mechanical Description 73
2.4 Mechanical Drawing for Charging Station 75
2.5 Hardware Solution 75
2.6 Charging Station 78
3 Environmental Sensors for Physical Activity 79
3.1 BLE Beacons 80
3.2 Ballistocardiography 81
3.3 Smart Scale 82
4 Firmware Solution 82
4.1 For the Beacons 83
4.2 For the Smartphone 83
4.3 Data Management 84
References 85
Nutritional Monitoring in Older People Prevention Services 86
1 Introduction 87
2 Related Works 89
2.1 Nutrition Monitoring Systems 89
2.2 Food Recognition 91
3 LogMeal—A Food Intake Monitoring Tool Integrated in the NESTORE Platform 92
3.1 Production Environment 92
3.2 Development Environment 93
3.3 LogMeal Integration into NESTORE 94
4 Constructing LogMeal Food Dataset 95
4.1 Public Food Datasets 96
4.2 Food Hierarchy 97
4.3 The Dataset Construction 99
4.4 Nutritional Food Composition of Recipes 101
4.5 Nationality 102
4.6 API Images 102
5 System Validation 102
5.1 Performance Insights During Development 103
5.2 Performance Insights During Production 104
6 Conclusions 105
References 106
Social Behaviour and Cognitive Monitoring in Healthy Ageing 112
1 Introduction 112
2 Monitoring of Social Behaviour in NESTORE 114
2.1 Self-reported Social Integration and Behaviour 114
2.2 Sensor-Based Social Behaviour Assessments 114
3 Monitoring of Cognitive Functioning in NESTORE 118
3.1 Assessing Cognitive Status at Baseline and Posttest 118
3.2 Assessing Cognitive Performance Throughout the Coaching Phase 119
4 Conclusion 121
References 122
Perspective and Experiences of Decision Support Systems (DSS) and AI in Prevention and Care for Older Adults 124
1 Introduction 124
2 DSS Design in Healthcare: The Importance of Experts’ Involvement 126
3 Methods to Build a Robust DSS 127
3.1 Preventing the Cold-Start Problem 127
3.2 Harmonisation and Integration 129
3.3 AI Technologies Present in DSSs Approaches 129
4 NESTORE DSS as a Whole 130
4.1 Target Variables and Data Sources 130
4.2 Architecture and Derived Workflows 132
4.3 Data Analysis Pipelines 133
4.4 Validation 133
5 Conclusion 134
References 135
System Interoperability for Next Gen Services at Home. A Challenge/Opportunity for Integration 138
1 Introduction 138
2 Requirements of Interoperable Environments 140
3 Interoperable Technologies 143
4 Challenges and Opportunities for a Seamless Integration 147
5 Conclusions 152
References 152
Lifestyle Improvement and Virtual Coaching and ICT Services in the Human Domains Through Friendly Technology 154
Physical Activity Promotion and Coaching to Support Healthy Ageing 155
1 Introduction 156
2 Overview of NESTORE Coaching System in Physical Activity Domain 156
3 Coaching Personalisation and Implementation Strategies 158
4 NESTORE Technological Solutions for the Physical Activity Domain 161
5 Conclusions 166
References 166
Coaching Older Adults Towards a Healthier Lifestyle: Psychological and Technological Methods 169
1 Introduction 169
2 Theoretical Behaviour Change Models in Health Psychology 170
3 Behaviour Change Techniques and General Coaching Strategies for Health and Well-Being 177
4 Health-Related e-Coaching and Digital Intervention Strategies 177
5 e-Coaching in NESTORE 181
6 Conclusion 183
References 183
Understanding Older Adults’ Affect States in Daily Life for Promoting Self-reflection About Mental Wellbeing 186
1 Introduction 186
2 The Affective Dimension 188
2.1 Beyond Basic Emotions: Love, Grief and Positive Affect 190
2.2 Sentiment Analysis for Emotion Recognition 192
3 Emotions and the NESTORE e-Coach 193
4 Emotional Wellbeing Recognition in the NESTORE System 195
4.1 Implementation of the Emotion Engine 196
5 Discussion and Future Work 197
References 198
Building Trust and Companionship in e-Coaching Through Embodiment 201
1 Introduction 201
2 Background on Tangible Conversational Agents in Increasing Trust and Companionship 202
3 Design Process Method 203
4 NESTORE Tangible Coach Co-design 204
4.1 Preliminary Designs 204
5 Conclusion 208
References 209
Challenges, Limitations and Methodologies to Be Applied in the Development of an ICT-Based Intervention for Older People 211
1 Introduction 211
2 Data and Methods 214
2.1 Integration of the Recruitment Strategies 215
3 Results 218
3.1 Building Trust 219
3.2 Identify Individual Barriers 220
3.3 Offer Incentives 221
3.4 Be Responsive 221
3.5 Identified Barriers 222
4 Conclusions 227
References 230
Innovation Impact Measured in Subjective (Usability and Experience), Social (Community Level) and Business (Companies and Institutions) Opportunities 232
Practicing the Test of New System-Services for Elderly Care: How to Introduce and Measure User Experience and Related Outcomes 233
1 Introduction 233
2 HCD Approach in Designing Interactive System-Services for Elderly 234
3 Nestore Experience of Use 237
4 Integrated Framework for the Evaluating Nestore Experience of Use 238
5 Conclusions 244
References 245
SROI Methods for Impact Assessment in Economy of Wellbeing 248
1 Introduction 249
2 Methodology for the Calculation of SROI of Virtual Coaches Fostering Healthy Ageing 249
3 Results 259
4 Discussion 259
5 Theoretical and Managerial Contribution 263
6 Limitations and Further Development 264
References 266
Building a Network Around Wellbeing Services that Empower Older Adults 270
1 Every Pathway to Ageing Counts 270
2 The NESTORE Community 271
3 Empowering Means also Avoiding Self-inducted Ageism 273
4 Conclusions 274
References 275
Exploitation, Dissemination, and Communication: An Integrated Framework in EU Research 276
1 Introduction 276
2 The Empirical Context and Research Design 278
3 An Integrated Conceptual Framework for Setting an Effective Exploitation and Dissemination Strategy 279
4 Discussion and Conclusions 297
References 299
Aspects of Ethics and Data Management in Healthy Ageing Digital Services 301
Data Treatment in Complex Research Studies in Light of the GDPR Rules. A Critical Analysis 302
1 Introduction 302
2 The Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) 305
3 The Data Sharing Agreement (DSA) 307
4 The Informed Consent 310
5 Conclusions 311
References 312
Ethical, Legal and Societal Issues of Research and Innovation in NESTORE 314
1 Introduction 314
2 Autonomy, Information and Informed Consent 316
3 Personal Data Protection in Digital Environments 318
4 Ethics and Research Integrity 321
5 Responsible Research and Innovation 322
References 324
From Research to Action: What’s Next? 326
Other Advanced Research Initiatives in Elderly Care and Fragility Prevention 327
1 Introduction 328
2 Technology for Aging in Place: The CAPTAIN Solution as an Answer to Existing Challenges 333
2.1 Challenges on Technology Supported Active and Healthy Ageing in Place 333
2.2 The CAPTAIN Vision and Solution 333
2.3 Design and Development Methodology 334
2.4 Envisaged Impact 335
2.5 Towards Business Exploitation of CAPTAIN 335
3 Council of Coaches promotes elderly health 336
3.1 Engagement with Supporting Technologies Is the Challenge for Healthy Ageing e-Coaches 336
3.2 A Vision of Collaborative Coaches 336
3.3 The COUCH Web Application Design 337
3.4 The Envisaged Impact of COUCH Solution 338
3.5 Exploitation Strategies for COUCH 338
4 The Empathic Promotion of a Satisfying and Independent Lifestyle 339
4.1 Social Challenges and Innovation Opportunities to Support Elderly Independency and Wellbeing 339
4.2 Vision of the EMPATHIC Project 340
4.3 Main Concepts and Outcomes of EMPATHIC Project 341
4.4 Expected Impact of EMPATHIC Project 341
4.5 Exploitation of the Results and Concluding Remarks 342
5 The Solutions of HOLOBALANCE to Manage Equilibrium Disorders 343
5.1 Challenges in Active and Healthy Ageing 343
5.2 The HOLOBALANCE Vision in Ageing and Healthcare 344
5.3 The Proposed Solution for AHA by HOLOBALANCE 344
5.4 The Expected Impact for HOLOBALANCE Project 345
5.5 The Proposed Exploitation Model for HOLOBALANCE Solutions 345
6 The Multimodal Coaching of SAAM Project 345
6.1 What Are the Challenges on Aging and Healthcare for Europe in 2030? 345
6.2 What Is the Vision of Your Project About Aging and Healthcare to Tackle These Challenges and Transform Them into Opportunities? 346
6.3 What Are the Main Concepts of the Project, the Methodology, the Developed Tools, the Outcomes? 346
6.4 What Is the Expected Impact of Your Project? 348
6.5 Please Describe the Exploitation Models and/or Channels and/or Opportunities 348
7 Virtual Coaching for Telerehabilitation: Insight to the European vCare-Project 349
7.1 Project Context Introduction 349
7.2 Principle Project Approach and Methodology 349
7.3 The vCare Project’s Perspective on the Future of Ageing 351
8 WellCO Recommends Healthier Behaviour Change 352
8.1 Ageing Challenges for 2030: The WellCo Perspective 352
8.2 WellCo Supports Elderly Empowerment 353
8.3 The WellCO Approach 354
8.4 The Expected Impact of the WellCO Affective-Aware Coach 355
8.5 Exploitation Model for WellCo Coaching System 355
9 Conclusions 356
References 357
Conclusions 360
1 The Demographic Perspective 360
2 The Research Perspective 361
3 The European Perspective 363
4 The Data Perspective 364
References 364