Nitrate Handbook

Christos Tsadilas, Ph.D., graduated from the Agricultural University of Athens in 1975 and earned his master's degree and Ph.D. from the same university. From 1977 to 1984, he worked at the Institute of Soil Mapping and Classification of the Ministry of Rural Development and Foods as a soil surveyor and has been a senior scientist of the National Project of Soil Survey Mapping in Greece. Later, he worked as a researcher at the National Agricultural Research Foundation in Greece, which later merged with the current Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER. He has taken post-doc studies at the University of Reading (United Kingdom), University of Kentucky, and University of Lincoln (Nebraska), sponsored by the Royal Society of England, OECD, and the Fulbright Foundation, respectively. His main research interests include soil survey and classification, soil chemistry and fertility, soil pollution and remediation, and waste management. He also has work experience on land reclamation of disturbed lands and the new technologies used in precision farming systems. Dr. Tsadilas served as Director of the Institute of Soil Mapping and Classification (later Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops) which along with the Agricultural University of Athens were appointed by the government to make the Soil Map of Greece. He also served as president of the Hellenic Soil Science Society for several years. Dr. Tsadilas has published more than 300 papers in peer-reviewed journals (more than 90), chapters in books (more than 15), and papers in international conference proceedings. A special mention is made on the books The Soils of Greece (Yassoglou, N., C. Tsadilas, and C. Kosmas, 2017, Springer) and Nickel in Soils and Plants (C. D. Tsadilas, C.D., J. Rinklebe, and H. Magdi Selim+ by CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group). He has served as an associate editor for several journals, and as reviewer for decades of international journals.

Contents

Preface........................................................................................................................ix

Editor…………................................................................................................................xi

Contributors.............................................................................................................xiii

List of Abbreviations...............................................................................................xvii

PART 1 Nitrate in Soils

Chapter 1 Biogeochemistry of Nitrate in Soils......................................................3

Roberto Garcia-​Ruiz, Milagros Torrus-​Castillo,

Pablo Domouso de Agar, Roberto Garcia-​Peran,

Gustavo Ruiz-​Catedra, and Julio Calero

Chapter 2 Nitrate in Agricultural Soils................................................................25

Melida Gutierrez, Maria Teresa Alarcon-​Herrera,

Esperanza Y. Calleros-​Rincon, and Melissa Bledsoe

Chapter 3 Nitrate Transport in Agricultural Systems...........................................45

Sara Vero and Matthew Ascott

PART 2 Nitrate in Plants

Chapter 4 Nitrate in Plant Physiology.................................................................73

Jitu Chauhan, Simran Chachad, Zoya Shaikh,

Johra Khan, and Ahmad Ali

Chapter 5 Nitrate in Plant Nutrition.....................................................................91

Ya-​Yun Wang

Chapter 6 Nitrogen Fertilizers and the Environment.........................................103

Eric Walling and Celine Vaneeckhaute

Chapter 7 Nitrate Management by Using Innovative Techniques.....................137

Eleftherios Evangelou and Christos Tsadilas

Chapter 8 Estimation of Nitrogen Status in Plants............................................163

Miguel Garcia-​Servin, Luis Miguel Contreras-​Medina,

Irineo Torres-​Pacheco, and Ramon Gerardo Guevara-​Gonzalez

PART 3 Nitrate in Water

Chapter 9 Nitrate in Fresh Waters......................................................................185

Daniel F. Gomez Isaza and Essie M. Rodgers

Chapter 10 Inorganic Nitrogen Ions of Surface and Ground Waters

of Sterea Hellas, Central Greece: A Case Study...............................209

Christos D. Tsadilas, Miltiadis Tziouvalekas,

Eleftherios Evangelou, Alexandros Tsitouras,

Christos Petsoulas, and Antonios Peppas

Chapter 11 Determination of Nitrate in Waters...................................................235

Md Eshrat E. Alahi, Fahmida Wazed Tina, and

Subhas Mukhopadhyay

PART 4 Nitrate in the Food Chain

Chapter 12 Nitrate in Plant and Animal Foods....................................................265

Małgorzata Karwowska

Chapter 13 Nitrate as Food Additives..................................................................281

Teresa D’Amore, Aurelia Di Taranto, Giovanna Berardi,

Valeria Vita, and Marco Iammarino

PART 5 Nitrate in Human Body

Chapter 14 Nitrate and Human Health: An Overview.........................................303

Keith R. Martin and Richard J. Bloomer

Chapter 15 Nitrate and Methemoglobinemia.......................................................347

Sarah Fossen Johnson

Chapter 16 Inorganic Nitrate and Nitrite: Dietary Nutrients or Poisons?............357

Nathan S. Bryan

Chapter 17 Nitrate and Cardiovascular Systems..................................................375

Andrew Xanthopoulos, Apostolos Dimos, Alexandros Zagouras,

Nikolaos Iakovis, John Skoularigis, and Filippos Triposkiadis

PART 6 Regulations

Chapter 18 Regulations on Nitrate Use and Management...................................405

Faycal Bouraoui, Panos Panagos, Anna Malago,

Alberto Pistocchi, and Christophe Didion

Index.......................................................................................................................425