Voids in Materials (eBook)

Voids in Materials: From Unavoidable Defects to Designed Cellular Materials, Second Edition, provides a central reference for discussion of voids in materials, covering all types of voids-intrinsic and intentional, and stochastic and non-stochastic-and the processes and conditions that are needed to create them. The book offers an extensive review of current applications and proposes future directions for using voids to impart functionality. The voids (or empty spaces in materials) are defined, categorized, and characterized, including the effects they have on material properties, and designed or unavoidable defects.

Ultimately, voids are viewed as a material design parameter that can be incorporated into materials on multiple length scales for the design of multifunctional material. All materials have voids in them, at some scale. Sometimes the voids are ignored, sometimes they are taken into account, and other times they are the focal point of the research.

• Covers the effect of voids in materials, from low volume fraction defects to very high-volume fraction foams
• Explains how and why voids are introduced into materials across multiple length scales
• Discusses the smallest scale in which voids are mostly unavoidable
• Presents voids across the volume fraction scale
• Provides a continuous and clear picture of how material properties change as the volume fraction of void goes from 1% up to 99%
• Outlines the implications of voids at different length scales and volume fraction content
• Explains the Impact of designed and unwanted voids on current mega trends

Gary Gladysz is an adjunct associate professor of materials science and engineering at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA and founder at X-Link 3D. He received his PhD from the New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology where he participated in the NATO Collaborative Program with the German Aerospace Institute (DLR). Since receiving his PhD, he has led research efforts in university, government, and industrial settings. He has extensive research experience designing and characterizing thermoset composite materials for 3D printing, fibrous composites, ceramic composites, polymers, composite foams, and thin films. As a technical staff member at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), he was technical lead for rigid composites and thermoset materials. In 2005 he was awarded the LANL Distinguished Performance Group Award for his work leading materials development on the Reliable Replacement Warhead Feasibility Project. Additionally, while the US Army, he developed composite materials and test protocols for ballistic head protection. He has served on funding review boards for LANL, National Science Foundation, ACS, and the Lindbergh Foundation. He has been guest editor on many issues of leading materials science journals, including Journal of Materials Science and Materials Science & Engineering. Dr. Gladysz has organized many international conferences/symposia on syntactic foams, composite materials, and innovative materials for additive manufacturing. He started and chairs the ECI international conference series on Syntactic & Composites Foams. Dr. Gladysz currently lives in Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

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All materials have voids in them, at some scale. Sometimes the voids are ignored, sometimes they are taken into account, and other times they are the focal point of the research. Voids in Materials: From Unavoidable Defects to Designed Cellular Materials takes due notice of all these occurrences, whether designed or unavoidable defects. We define, categorize, and characterize the voids (or empty spaces in materials) and we analyze the effects they have on material properties. This second edition is an updated and expanded central reference for voids in materials and covers all types of voids, intrinsic and intentional, and stochastic and nonstochastic, and the processes and conditions that are needed to create them and is a valuable resource to students in the areas of mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, materials science and engineering, physics, and chemistry, as well as scientists, researchers, and engineers in industry. the effect of voids in materials; from low volume fraction defects and free volume in polymer networks to high void volume fraction foams and aerogels how and why voids are introduced into materials across the length scales biomaterial design used in vivo for soft, hard, and nerve tissue scaffolds metallic and geopolymeric foams additive manufacturing technologies used to tailor regularity (R) in the cell structure stochastic, nonstochastic, and Voronoi foams the latest techniques for characterizing voids new chapters, covering the Kirkendall effect to create hollow and porous structures, and nanometer scale voids: nanotubes, zeolites, organic frameworks, and nanoporous noble metals