Metal Ions in Biological Systems

Helmut Sigel, University of Basel, Switzerland.

Distribution of the Lanthanides in the Earth's Crust; Mobilization of Lanthanides through the Terrestrial Biosphere; Complexes of Lanthanide Ions with Amino Acids, Phosphates, and Other Ligands of Biological Interest in Solution; Biologically Relevant Structural Coordination Chemistry of Simple Lanthanide Ion Complexes; Lanthanide Ions as Probes in Studies for Metal Ion-Dependent Enzymes; Lanthanide Chelates as Fluorescence Labels for Diagnostics and Biotechnology; Responsive Luminescent Lanthanide Complexes; Lanthanide Ions as Probes of Electron Transfer in Proteins; Lanthanide Ions as Luminescent Probes of Proteins and Nucleic Acids; Lanthanide-Promoted Peptide Bond Hydrolysis; Lanthanide-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Phosphate Esters and Nucleic Acids; Sequence-Selective Scission of DNA and RNA by Lanthanides and Their Complexes; Lanthanide Ions as Probes for Metal Ions in the Structure and Catalytic Mechanism of Ribozymes; Lanthanides as Shift and Relaxation Agents in Elucidating the Structure of Proteins and Nucleic Acids; Lanthanide Ions as Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents. Nuclear and Electronic Relaxation Properties. Applications; Interactions of Lanthanides and Their Complexes with Proteins. Conclusions Regarding Magnetic Resonance Imaging.