Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications

Chunlei Guo is a full professor in The Institute of Optics at University of Rochester. He received his Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Connecticut in 1999, and was later named one of the University's “40 Under 40 Outstanding Alumni.” His postdoctoral training was at Los Alamos National Laboratory from 1999 to 2001, where his work was awarded the Postdoctoral Publication Prize in Experimental Sciences. He joined the faculty of University of Rochester in 2001. Dr. Guo is a pioneer in femtosecond laser processing of materials and the study of laser-matter interactions at high intensities. His research includes work on transforming metals into functional materials with desired properties such as being water repellent, water attracting, and highly absorbent, and has been featured by the media, including The New York Times, CNN, Time Magazine, BBC, USA Today, and Newsweek. Professor Guo has taught courses at the undergraduate, graduate, and professional levels, including Principles of Lasers, Optics Laboratory, Optoelectronics: Laser Systems, and Modern Laser Technology. He is an elected Fellow for both American Physical Society and Optical Society of America (OSA). He has authored well over 100 refereed journal articles and has been playing an active role in the scientific community, including as editor of the Nature journal Light: Science & Applications and associate editor of OSA’s Optics Express, and serving on various program and organizing committees.

Contents

Preface........................................................................................................................................................................................... vii

Editors..............................................................................................................................................................................................ix

Contributors.....................................................................................................................................................................................xi

1. Lasers in Metrology: Section Introduction...........................................................................................................................1

Julian Jones and Lance Thomas

2. Fundamental Length Metrology............................................................................................................................................3

Jens Flügge, Stefanie Kroker, and Harald Schnatz

3. Laser Velocimetry.................................................................................................................................................................23

Cameron Tropea

4. Laser Vibrometers.................................................................................................................................................................43

Neil A. Halliwell

5. Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI)........................................................................................................... 61

Lianxiang Yang and Xinya Gao

6. Optical Fibre Hydrophones..................................................................................................................................................81

Geoffrey A. Cranch and Philip J. Nash

7. Laser Stabilization for Precision Measurements............................................................................................................. 111

G. P. Barwood and P. Gill

8. Laser Cooling and Trapping..............................................................................................................................................127

Charles Adams and Ifan Hughes

9. Precision Timekeeping: Optical Atomic Clocks..............................................................................................................139

Shimon Kolkowitz and Jun Ye

10. Optical Atomic Clock and Laser Applications to Length and Time Metrology...........................................................157

Y. Jiang, Y. Huang, and K. Gao

11. Gravitation Measurements with Laser Interferometry.................................................................................................. 171

Harold V. Parks

12. Satellite Laser Ranging...................................................................................................................................................... 181

José C. Rodríguez and Graham M. Appleby

13. Lasers in Medical: Section Introduction..........................................................................................................................199

Terence A. King and Brian C. Wilson

14. Light–Tissue Interactions...................................................................................................................................................201

Steven Jacques and Michael Patterson

15. Ophthalmic Laser Therapy and Surgery.........................................................................................................................227

Daniel Palanker

16. Therapeutic Application: Refractive Surgery..................................................................................................................243

Leonardo Mastropasqua

17. Photodynamic Therapy......................................................................................................................................................249

Brian C. Wilson and Stephen G. Bown

18. Therapeutic Applications: Thermal Treatment of Tumours.......................................................................................... 261

Stephen G. Bown

19. Therapeutic Applications: Dermatology—Selective Photothermolysis.........................................................................267

Sean Lanigan

20. Therapeutic Applications: Lasers in Vascular Surgery..................................................................................................273

Mahesh Pai

21. Therapeutic Applications: Free-Electron Laser..............................................................................................................281

E. Duco Jansen, Michael Copeland, Glenn S. Edwards, William Gabella, Karen Joos,

Mark A. Mackanos, Jin H. Shen, and Stephen R. Uhlhorn

22. Medical Diagnostics............................................................................................................................................................291

Brian C. Wilson

23. Broad Bandwidth Light Sources in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)...............................................................309

Jinxin Huang and Jannick P. Rolland

24. Laser Applications in Biology and Biotechnology........................................................................................................... 321

Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu, Alexander J Annala, and Daniel L Farkas

25. Biomedical Laser Safety.....................................................................................................................................................345

Harry Moseley and Bill Davies

26. Laser in Communications: Section Introduction.............................................................................................................365

John Marsh, Subhash C. Singh, and Chunlei Guo

27. Fibre-to-the-Chip: Development of Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Arrays

Designed for Integration with VLSI Circuits...................................................................................................................367

Ashok Krishnamoorthy, L. M. F. Chirovsky, K. W. Goosen, J. Lopata, and W. S. Hobson

28. Advances in Laser Satellite Communications..................................................................................................................383

Hamid Hemmati

29. Passive Silicon Photonic Integrated Components and Circuits for Optical Communications...................................397

Daoxin Dai, Yiwei Xie, and Yaocheng Shi

30. Fibre-Optic Transmission Systems from Chip-to-Chip Interconnects to Trans-Oceanic Cables.............................427

Peter J. Winzer

31. Visible Light Communications and LiFi..........................................................................................................................443

Cheng Chen, Mohamed Sufyan Islim, and Harald Haas

32. Optical Data Storage...........................................................................................................................................................463

Byoung S. Ham

Index.............................................................................................................................................................................................473