Toroidal Metamaterials

Arash Ahmadivand received his Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering in 2018 from Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States. He also received his M.Sc. and B.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering in 2011 and 2007, respectively, from Islamic Azad University of Iran. In 2018, he joined as a postdoctoral fellow to the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States. He also continued his career as a postdoctoral research associate in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University. Since 2014, he received several scholarships and fellowships from SPIE, Florida International University, and Rice University. His research interests include plasmonics, nanophotonics, metamaterials, optoelectronics, nonlinear meta-optics, and metasensors. He is presently a Guest Editor of MDPI Sensors journal. Burak Gerislioglu received his first M.S. in Electrical Engineering from Florida International University (2018) and his second M.S. in Applied Physics from Rice University (2020). Currently, he is a Robert A. Welch fellowship Ph.D. candidate in Applied Physics in Smalley-Curl Institute at Rice University, where he is contributing to theoretical and experimental light-matter interactions to develop next-generation technologies, and serving as a Guest Editor to MDPI Biosensors. His research interests include plasmonics, metamaterials, photonics, phase-change materials, nonlinear photonics, optical biosensors, and reconfigurable antennas. He holds 2 U.S. patents. Zeinab Ramezani received her M.Sc. and Ph.D. (Hons.) degrees in Electronic Engineering from Semnan University in 2013 and 2017, respectively. Her current research is on developing new materials and electronic tools which have applications in health at Northeastern University. She has been working on the modeling and characterization of novel structures, micro- and nanoelectronics, nanotechnology and nanophotonic, power semiconductor devices, wide bandgap semiconductors, optoelectronic devices, plasmonics, bioelectronics and biosensors.

lt;p>1. Introduction and Overview

1.1. The History of Light and Matter

1.2. The History of Light-Matter Interactions

1.3. The Discovery and Properties of Artificial Media

References

2. Classical Electromagnetics

2.1. Fundamental Principles of Static Electromagnetics

2.1.1. Coulomb's and Gauss's Laws

2.1.2. Biot-Savart and Ampère's Laws

2.1.3. The Lorentz Force

2.2. Equations for Static Fields

2.3. Fundamental Principles of Dynamic Electromagnetics

2.3.1. Maxwell's Equations in Vacuum

2.3.2. Maxwell's Equations in Macroscopic Media

2.4. The Electric Dipole

2.4.1. Multipole Expansion and Electric Multipoles

2.4.2. The Dipole and Quadrupole Potentials

2.5. Magnetic Multipoles

2.6. Unconventional Multipoles