Energy Issues and Options for Developing Countries

United Nations

Preface Part 1: Enhanced Oil Recovery 1. Introduction 2. Overview 3. Applications of EOR Techniques 4. EOR State-of-the-Art 5. EOR Training 6. Conclusions and Recommendations Part 2: Small-scale Hydropower Programs in Developing Countries 7. Overview 8. Planning 9. Economics and Financing 10. Development 11. Operation, Management, and Training Part 3: Small Energy Packages 12. Introduction 13. Energy in Third World Rural Areas 14. Rural Electrification by Extension of Interconnected Grids 15. Decentralized Electricity Generation by Internal Combustion Engines 16. Electricity Generation by Micro-Hydropower Stations 17. Electricity Generation by Photovoltaic Power Stations 18. Wind Electricity Generators 19. Decentralized Electricity Generation and Biomass 20. Renewable Energies and Water Pumping 21. Renewable Energies and Domestic Energy Needs 22. Renewable Energies and Rural Telecommunications 23. Renewable Energies and Health Centers 24. Strategies for Rural Electrification. Appendix: Life-cycle Costing Procedure. Part 4: Application of Microcomputer Technology in Energy Planning 25. The Changing Role of Energy Planning 26. The Impact of Computers on Energy Planning 27. Criteria for Developing and Selecting Energy Models 28. Software Packages for Energy Planning 29. Software for Subsectoral Analysis 30. Implementing Microcomputer-Based Energy Planning 31. Potential Constraints and Limitations 32. Case Studies 33. General Conclusions