Full-Duplex Communications for Future Wireless Networks (eBook)

Preface 5
Contents 8
Part I Self-Interference Cancellation 10
1 Antennas and Radio Frequency Self-Interference Cancellation 11
1.1 Introduction 11
1.2 Radio Frequency-Domain Isolation Requirements 13
1.3 Antenna Based Isolation 16
1.3.1 Separate Transmit and Receive Antennas 16
1.3.2 Circulators 17
1.3.3 Propagation Domain Cancellation 18
1.3.4 Adaptive Propagation Domain Cancellation 20
1.4 Passive Feedforward Cancellation 22
1.4.1 Single Loop Cancellation 23
1.4.2 Multi-Loop Cancellation 24
1.5 Electrical Balance Duplexers 25
1.5.1 EBD Operation 26
1.5.1.1 Tx-Rx Isolation 28
1.5.2 Tx and Rx Insertion Loss 29
1.5.3 Balancing Limitations 30
1.6 Active Cancellation 33
1.6.1 Hardware Cost 34
1.6.2 Wideband Cancellation 35
1.6.3 Equaliser Function Calculation 36
1.7 Combining Antenna and RF Cancellation Techniques 38
1.8 Conclusions 41
References 42
2 Antenna/RF Design and Analog Self-Interference Cancellation 46
2.1 Introduction 46
2.2 Requirements for a Full-Duplex System 47
2.3 Passive Analog Cancellation 49
2.4 Active Analog Cancellation 52
2.4.1 Adaptive RF Circuits 52
2.4.2 Micro Photonic Canceller 60
2.4.3 Auxiliary Transmit Chain 61
2.5 Numerical Analysis and Discussions 62
2.6 Conclusion 65
References 66
3 Digital Self-Interference Cancellation for Low-Cost Full-Duplex Radio Devices 68
3.1 Introduction 68
3.1.1 Basic Full-Duplex Device Architecture 70
3.1.2 Related Work 71
3.2 Challenges in Digital Cancellation 73
3.2.1 I/Q Imbalance 74
3.2.2 Nonlinear Distortion 75
3.2.3 Analog-to-Digital Converter Quantization Noise 76
3.2.4 Transmitter Thermal Noise 78
3.2.5 Oscillator Phase Noise 78
3.3 Advanced Self-Interference Signal Models 80
3.3.1 Linear Signal Model 80
3.3.2 Nonlinear Signal Model 82
3.4 Parameter Estimation and Digital Self-Interference Cancellation 84
3.4.1 Block Least Squares-Based Estimation and Cancellation 86
3.4.2 Least Mean Squares-Based Adaptive Estimation and Cancellation 88
3.4.3 Computational Complexity of Digital Cancellation 91
3.4.3.1 Least Squares 91
3.4.3.2 Least Mean Squares 92
3.5 Measurement-Based Self-Interference Cancellation Performance Evaluation 93
3.5.1 Measured Self-Interference Cancellation Performance of a Generic Inband Full-Duplex Device 93
3.5.2 Measured Self-Interference Cancellation Performance of an Inband Full-Duplex Relay 96
3.6 Conclusions 100
References 101
4 Filter Design for Self-Interference Cancellation 106
4.1 Motivation 106
4.2 System Model 108
4.2.1 Dynamic Range 109
4.2.1.1 Quantization Noise 110
4.2.2 Transmit Signal Noise 111
4.2.2.1 Error Vector Magnitude 112
4.2.3 Channel Estimation Error 113
4.2.4 Self-Interference Channel 115
4.2.5 Self-Interference Signal 115
4.2.6 Time-Domain Signal Model 117
4.3 Mitigation of Self-Interference 118
4.3.1 Frequency-Domain Cancellation 118
4.3.1.1 Non-Orthogonal Multicarrier Modulation 119
4.3.2 Spatial Suppression 121
4.3.3 Spatial Suppression and Frequency-Domain Cancellation 124
4.4 Algorithms for Self-Interference Cancellation 125
4.4.1 Adaptive Algorithms 126
4.4.2 Stochastic Gradient Descent Algorithm 127
4.4.3 RLS Stochastic Gradient Descent Algorithm 129
4.4.4 Adaptive Cancellation and Spatial Suppression 131
4.4.4.1 Non-Iterative Design of Spatial Filters 133
4.5 Summary 137
References 137
Part II Future Trends and Applications 141
5 Interference Management in Full-Duplex Cellular Networks 142
5.1 Introduction 142
5.2 Interference Management 145
5.3 BS-to-BS Interference Mitigation 147
5.3.1 Elevation Beam Nulling 147
5.3.2 Power Control Based 147
5.4 UE-to-UE Interference Mitigation 148
5.4.1 Scheduling-Based 149
5.4.1.1 Related Work 150
5.4.1.2 Space-Time Power Scheduling 151
5.4.2 Medium Access Control (MAC) Techniques 151
5.4.3 Interference Alignment 153
5.4.4 Beamforming 154
5.4.5 Partitioning 155
5.5 Interference Mitigation in the 3GPP 157
5.5.1 Frame Structure 157
5.5.2 Flexible Duplexing 160
5.5.2.1 Interference Sensing 161
5.5.2.2 Link Adaptation 162
5.6 Key Technologies for Interference Mitigation 162
5.6.1 Massive MIMO 162
5.6.2 Millimeter Wave 164
5.7 Conclusion 164
References 165
6 Robust Interference Management and Network Design for Heterogeneous Full-Duplex Communication Networks 169
6.1 Introduction 170
6.2 Full-Duplex Network Design: Challenges and Performance Trends 171
6.2.1 Challenges in Full-Duplex Network Design 171
6.2.2 Performance Evaluation of Full-Duplex Communication Under Realistic Network Assumptions 173
6.2.2.1 Analysis of the Traffic Constraint Limitation in Isolated Cell 173
6.2.2.2 FD Performance Under the Impact of Increased Interference and Traffic Constraints 175
6.3 Interference Management and Network Design for FD Communication 176
6.3.1 Interference Management Techniques in Full-Duplex Communication 176
6.3.2 Inducing Traffic Symmetry Through Network Design 176
6.4 Virtual Full-Duplex 177
6.5 Other Applications of Full-Duplex 179
6.5.1 Physical Layer Security 180
6.5.2 Cooperative Communication 181
6.5.3 Wireless Backhaul 181
6.5.4 Cognitive Radio 181
6.6 Conclusions and Outlook 182
References 183
7 Full-Duplex Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Systems 184
7.1 Introduction 185
7.2 Recent Results 187
7.2.1 Full-Duplex NOMA Topologies 188
7.2.2 Resource Allocation and Optimization in Full-Duplex NOMA 189
7.2.3 Applications of Full-Duplex NOMA 190
7.3 Full-Duplex Cooperative NOMA Systems 190
7.3.1 System Model 192
7.3.2 Beamforming Design 195
7.3.2.1 Optimum Beamforming Design 195
7.3.2.2 Sub-optimum Beamforming Design 196
7.3.3 Performance Analysis 197
7.3.3.1 Outage Probability of the Near Users 198
7.3.3.2 Outage Probability of the Far Users 199
7.4 Full-Duplex Cooperative NOMA Systems with Antenna Selection 201
7.4.1 System Model 202
7.4.2 Antenna Selection Schemes 203
7.4.3 Performance Analysis 204
7.4.3.1 Ergodic Sum Rate 204
7.4.3.2 Outage Probability 206
7.5 Cognitive NOMA Systems with Full-Duplex Relaying 208
7.5.1 System Model 208
7.5.2 Beamforming Design and Power Allocation 210
7.5.2.1 Joint Beamforming Design and Power Allocation 211
7.5.2.2 Power Allocation for Fixed Beamforming Design 211
7.5.2.3 ZF-Based Fixed Beamforming Schemes 212
7.5.3 Performance Analysis 214
7.5.3.1 Outage Probability at the Near User 214
7.5.3.2 Outage Probability at the Far User 215
7.6 Future Research Directions 216
7.7 Conclusions 218
References 219
8 Full Duplex and Wireless-Powered Communications 222
8.1 Introduction 222
8.1.1 Wireless-Powered Networks: An Overview 223
8.1.2 State of the Art on FD Wireless-Powered Networks 226
8.1.2.1 FD Bidirectional Communications 226
8.1.2.2 FD Relay Communications 229
8.1.2.3 FD Hybrid AP 230
8.1.2.4 Others 231
8.2 SEg Recycling for EE 232
8.2.1 Problem Formulation 234
8.2.2 Outage Analysis 235
8.2.3 Numerical Solution 236
8.3 FD for Sporadic IoT Transmissions 239
8.3.1 Slotted Operation 240
8.3.2 FD Performance 241
8.3.3 HD Performance 242
8.3.4 Performance Analysis 244
8.4 Conclusions and Outlook 248
References 249
9 Full-Duplex Transceivers for Defense and Security Applications 252
9.1 Introduction 252
9.2 Applications for Full-Duplex Radios in Military Communications 254
9.2.1 Requirements for Military Radios 255
9.2.2 Tactical Communications with Electronic Warfare 256
9.2.2.1 Simultaneous Communication and Jamming 257
9.2.2.2 Simultaneous Interception and Communication 258
9.2.2.3 Simultaneous Interception and Jamming 258
9.2.3 Tactical Communication Networks 259
9.2.3.1 Hidden Node 259
9.2.3.2 Adaptive Power Control 260
9.2.3.3 Secure Key Exchange 261
9.2.3.4 Directional Medium Access Control 262
9.2.4 Continuous-Wave Radars 263
9.2.4.1 Self-Interference Cancellation 264
9.2.4.2 Electronic Countermeasures 265
9.2.5 Multifunction Radios 266
9.3 Applications for Full-Duplex Radios in Civilian Security 267
9.3.1 Radio Shield 267
9.3.1.1 Drones 268
9.3.1.2 Wireless Energy Transfer 268
9.3.1.3 Medical Devices 269
9.3.1.4 Automotive Radars and Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications 270
9.3.2 Physical Layer Security 271
9.4 Conclusion 272
References 273
10 Multi-Objective Optimization for Secure Full-Duplex Wireless Communication Systems 278
10.1 Introduction 279
10.2 System Model 281
10.2.1 Multiuser System Model 281
10.2.2 Channel Model 282
10.3 Resource Allocation Problem Formulation 283
10.3.1 Achievable Rate and Secrecy Rate 284
10.3.2 Optimization Problem Formulation 285
10.4 Solution of the Optimization Problem 289
10.5 Simulation Results 291
10.5.1 Transmit Power Trade-off Region 292
10.5.2 Average User Secrecy Rate Versus Minimum Required SINR 294
10.6 Conclusions 295
Appendix 1: Proof of Proposition 1 295
Appendix 2: Proof of Theorem 1 297
References 300
11 Integrated Full-Duplex Radios: System Concepts, Implementations, and Experimentation 302
11.1 Introduction 302
11.1.1 Challenges Associated with Compact and Low-Cost Silicon-Based Implementation 303
11.1.1.1 Achieving > 100dB SI Suppression
11.1.1.2 Transceiver Non-idealities 305
11.1.1.3 SI Channel Frequency Selectivity and Wideband RF/Analog SI Cancellation 305
11.1.1.4 Compact FD Antenna Interfaces 305
11.1.1.5 Adaptive Cancellation 306
11.1.1.6 Resource Allocation and Rate Gains for Networks with Integrated FD Radios, and Rethinking MAC Protocols 306
11.1.2 Overview of the Columbia FlexICoN Project 306
11.2 Integrated Full-Duplex Radios 307
11.2.1 Integrated RF Self-Interference Cancellation 309
11.2.2 Full-Duplex Receiver with Integrated Circulator and Analog Self-Interference Cancellation 311
11.3 Full-Duplex Testbed and Performance Evaluation 314
11.3.1 Gen-1 Full-Duplex Radio with a Frequency-Flat Amplitude- and Phase-Based RF Canceller 315
11.3.2 Gen-2 Full-Duplex Radio with a Frequency-Domain Equalization-Based RF Canceller 317
11.4 Conclusion 320
References 320