Green, Smart and Connected Transportation Systems (eBook)

Contents 6
Ordinal Logistic Regression Modeling Research on Decreasing Perceived Metro Transfer Time 16
1 Introduction 16
2 Data Survey and Analysis 17
3 Modeling Study 18
4 Scenario Analysis 21
5 Conclusions 22
References 22
Research on the Site Selection of Distribution Center Based on Centroid Method and Fuzzy Evaluation Method 24
1 Introduction 24
2 Definition of Distribution Center 25
3 Design of Location Model Algorithm 26
3.1 Centroid Method 26
3.2 Fuzzy Evaluation Method 28
4 Example Analysis 30
4.1 Distribution Center Location with Fuzzy Evaluation Method 31
4.2 Distribution Center Location with Fuzzy Evaluation Method 33
5 Conclusion 35
References 35
A Bayesian Recognition Method for Highway Ambiguity Path Identification Based on Digraph 36
1 Introduction 36
2 Bayesian Recognition Method for Highway Ambiguity Path Identification Based on Digraph 38
2.1 Highway Network Modeling and Identification Station Mapping Based on Digraph 38
2.2 Building Path Tree of Every Exit 40
2.3 Building Probabilistic Model of Identification String Using Bayesian Recognition Algorithm 41
3 Algorithm Implementation 42
4 Experiment Results 43
5 Conclusion 43
References 44
Time-Varying Characteristics and Forecasting Model of Parking Berth Demand in Urban Residential Areas 45
1 Introduction 46
2 Analysis on Time-Varying Characteristics of Parking Berth Demand in Urban Residential Areas 47
2.1 Survey Design 47
2.2 Analysis on Occupancy Characteristics of Parking Berth in Residential Areas 47
2.3 Analysis on Arrival and Departure Characteristics of Motor Vehicles in Residential Areas 48
3 Forecasting Model of Parking Berth Demand in Urban Residential Areas 50
3.1 Stable Time Series Forecasting Model 51
3.2 Unstable Time Series Forecasting Model 51
3.3 Forecasting Process of Parking Berth Demand in Residential Areas 52
4 Case Study 54
4.1 Data Sources 54
4.2 Model Building 55
4.3 Precision Test 55
5 Conclusions 57
References 58
Risk Evaluation Model of Unsignalized Intersection Based on Traffic Conflict Line Theory 59
1 Introduction 60
2 Traffic Flow Conflict Line Theory 61
3 Develop Risk Evaluation Model 62
3.1 Analysis of Collision Severity Ratio 63
3.2 Analysis of Transmission Length Model of Traffic Conflict 66
3.3 Develop Risk Evaluation Model 67
3.4 Classification of Risk Level and Model Validation 68
4 Case Study 68
5 Conclusion 71
References 72
Understanding the Impacts of Leisure Purpose and Environmental Factors on the Elders Leisure Activities and Travel Behavior: A Case Study in Kunming, China 73
1 Introduction 73
2 Literature Review 74
3 Methodology 75
3.1 Data Collection 75
3.2 SEM Model 76
4 Results 78
5 Conclusion 83
References 84
Multi-scenarios Behavior Choice Model of Shared Parking in Residential Area 85
1 Introduction 86
2 Data Preparation 87
2.1 Shared Parking Mode in Residential Area 87
2.2 Traffic Investigation and Analysis Based on Scenario Assumption 88
3 Methodologies 91
3.1 Binary Logit Model in Several Scenarios 91
3.2 Logit Model After Independent Variable Screening with Bp Neural Network 92
4 Results and Discussion 93
4.1 Only Logit Model Result Analysis 93
4.2 Logit Model Results After Bp Neural Network Filtering 96
5 Conclusions 97
References 98
Pedestrian Arrival and Release Characteristics at Signalized Crosswalk 99
1 Introduction 100
2 Analysis and Modeling of Pedestrian Arrival and Release Characteristics 101
2.1 Analysis on the Pedestrian Arrival and Release Characteristics 101
2.2 Modeling of Pedestrian Arrival and Release Process 101
3 Data Collection and Parameter Calibration 104
3.1 Data Collection 104
3.2 Parameter Calibration 105
4 Sensitivity Analysis and Model Application 107
4.1 Sensitivity Analysis 107
4.2 Model Applications 108
5 Conclusions 112
References 112
Design and Operation Recommendations for Shared BRT Stops with No Overtaking 114
1 Introduction 114
2 Performance Parameters 116
2.1 Bus Dwell Time and Bus Service Time 116
2.2 Effective Number of Berths for Shared BRT Stops 117
2.3 Capacity of Shared BRT Stops 117
2.4 Expected Wasted Passageways for Shared BRT Stops 118
3 Calculation Model of Wasted Passageways 118
3.1 Model Description 118
3.2 Model Calibration 120
4 Discussion 121
4.1 Optimal Number of Passageways 121
4.2 Optimal Ratio of Arrival Rates 122
4.3 Service Time Consideration 123
5 Conclusions and Future Work 124
References 125
Sensitivity of Simulated Conflicts to VISSIM Driver Behavior Parameter Modification 126
1 Introduction 127
2 Field Data Collection 128
3 Experiment Design 128
4 Result Analysis 130
4.1 Following Behavior 132
4.2 Lang Change Behavior 133
4.3 Lateral 133
5 Conclusions 134
References 135
Research on the Analysis of Campus’ Accessibility Based on Individual Activity Type 136
1 Introduction 137
2 Limitations of Previous Accessibility Measures 138
2.1 Accessibility Measure Base on Location 138
2.2 Time and Space Accessibility Measures 139
3 The Elastic Characteristics and Types of Students’ Daily Activities 140
3.1 Analysis of the Elastic Characteristics of Students’ Daily Activities 140
3.2 Type Division of Students’ Daily Activity 140
4 New Temporal-Spatial Accessibility Model of Individual Activity Type 142
4.1 The Time and Space Accessibility Model for Mandatory Activities 142
4.2 The Time and Space Accessibility Model for Optionality Activities 143
4.3 The Time and Space Accessibility Model of Unconstrained Activities 144
4.4 Extension of the Model 144
5 Case Study 145
5.1 Research Data 145
5.2 Model Parameters 147
6 Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Spatial Accessibility 148
6.1 Suggestion of the Campus Space Planning 149
7 Conclusions 151
References 152
Dynamic Programming Approaches for Solving Shortest Path Problem in Transportation: Comparison and Application 154
1 Introduction 154
2 Dynamic Programming Approach for Shortest Path Problem 156
2.1 Brief Introduction of Bellman’s Dynamic Programming 156
2.2 Bellman’s Dynamic Programing for Shortest Path Problem 156
2.3 Numerical Example 157
2.4 Dijkstra’s Algorithm 160
2.5 Numerical Example 161
2.6 Application of the Two Shortest Paths in Large Road Network 163
3 Dynamic Programming for Solving K Shortest Path Problem 165
3.1 Dynamic Programing Approach for Solving K Shortest Path Problem 165
3.2 Numerical Application 166
4 Conclusion 168
Appendix 169
References 173
Understanding of Day-to-Day Route Choice Behavior: Experiments and Simulations 174
1 Introduction 175
2 Human-Computer Interaction Experiments 176
2.1 The Interaction Systems 176
2.2 Experiments Setup 177
2.3 Results of Experiments and Analysis 178
3 Multi-agent Simulation and Analysis 181
3.1 Simulation Model 181
3.2 Simulation Results and Analysis 183
4 Discussion on the Traveler’s Decision Mechanism 189
4.1 Criterion of Traveler’s Cognition and Influential Factors 189
4.2 The Relationship Between Psychological Perception and Physical Quantity 191
4.3 Simulation and Analysis 191
5 Conclusions 193
References 194
Intersection Traffic Signal Optimization Considering Lane-Changing Behavior Caused Nearby Bus Bay Stop Upstream 196
1 Introduction 197
2 Methodology 198
2.1 Intersection Traffic Signal Optimization Target 199
2.2 Effects Analysis Caused by Lane-Changing Behavior Near-Side Bus Bay Stop 200
2.3 Traffic Signal Phasing Optimization 202
3 Case Study 203
3.1 Experiment Design and Data Description 203
3.2 Experimental Results and Analysis 204
4 Conclusion 205
References 206
Resilience Analysis for Comprehensive Transportation Network 207
1 Introduction 207
2 The Evaluation Metrics of Resilience Construction 208
2.1 The Resilience Evaluation Metrics of Comprehensive Transportation Network 208
2.2 Definition of Evaluation Index and Computing Method 209
3 Evaluation of Resilience by Combining the Methods of AHP and TOPSIS 213
4 Resilience Analysis of Comprehensive Transportation Network of Jing-Jin-Ji Region 214
5 Conclusion 216
References 217
The Edge Importance Evaluation of Compound Network Formed by Comprehensive Transportation Network 218
1 Introduction 218
2 Topology Construction of Compound Network of Comprehensive Transportation Network 220
2.1 Compound Network Topology Construction Method 220
2.2 Assume and Illustration of the Compound Network Construction 221
2.3 Compound Network Constructing of Comprehensive Transportation Network 222
3 The Edge Importance Evaluation of Compound Network 223
3.1 The Evaluation Index Selection 223
3.2 The Edge Importance Evaluation Model 224
4 Analysis on Jing-Jin-Ji Region Comprehensive Transportation Network 226
5 Conclusion 229
References 232
Economic Benefit Optimization Model of Urban Rail Station Based on C-D Function 233
1 Introduction 233
2 Model Establishment 234
2.1 Accident Economic Loss Model 235
2.2 Security Value-Reduced Output Model 237
2.3 Security Value-Added Output Model 237
2.4 Safe Investment Economic Benefit Model 238
3 Case Analysis 239
4 Conclusion 242
References 243
Recognition of Fatigue Driving Based on Steering Operation Using Wearable Smart Watch 244
1 Introduction 244
2 Experiments of Data Acquisition 245
2.1 Experimental Design 245
2.2 Data Acquisition 246
3 Methods 247
3.1 Method Design 247
3.2 Data Processing 247
3.3 Characteristics Extraction 249
3.4 Recognition Model 252
4 Experimental Results and Discussion 255
5 Conclusion 256
References 256
Uncertainty in Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway Track Longitudinal Level Irregularity Degradation 258
1 Introduction 258
2 Track Geometry Degradation Parameters 259
2.1 Selection of Degradation Parameters 259
2.2 Study on the Evolution Trend of Deteriorating Parameters 260
3 Degradation Parameters Uncertainty 261
3.1 Selection of Deteriorating Parameter Model 261
3.2 Study on Uncertainty of Deterioration Parameters 263
4 Conclusions 263
References 264
Functional Areas Layout in Logistics Park Combining Traffic Organization by Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy Clustering 265
1 Introduction 265
2 Literature Review 266
2.1 Facility Layout Problem 266
2.2 Functional Areas Layout Problem in Logistics Park 267
3 The Layout Model of the Functional Areas 267
4 Algorithm of the Model 269
4.1 Fuzzy Clustering for Functional Areas 269
4.2 Functional Areas Layout Method 270
4.3 The Organization the Traffic of the Park 271
4.4 Flow Chart 272
5 Case Study 272
6 Conclusion 276
References 278
Route Choice Optimization for Urban Joint Distribution Based on the Two-Phase Algorithm 279
1 Introduction 279
2 Literature Review 280
3 Route Choice Model 281
4 Algorithm Design for the Route Choice in Urban Joint Distribution 283
4.1 Greedy Algorithm 283
4.2 Ant Colony Algorithm 284
5 Case 286
6 Conclusion 288
References 290
An Integrated Energy-Efficient Scheduling and Train Control Model with Regenerative Braking for Metro System 291
1 Introduction 291
2 Model Formulation 293
2.1 Train Movement 293
2.2 Objective Function 295
2.3 Constraints 296
3 Solution Algorithm 298
4 Experimental Study 300
4.1 Set up 300
4.2 Result and Analysis 301
5 Conclusion 305
References 305
A Review of the Research on the Entrance Control Method of Urban Expressway 307
1 Introduction 307
2 Entrance Control Method 308
2.1 Static Models 308
2.2 On-Ramp Single Point Control Dynamic Model 309
2.3 Multi-ramp Coordination Dynamic Models 310
2.4 Integrated Control Model in the Expressway 311
2.5 Integration Model of Expressway and Subway Intersections 312
3 Review of Control Methods 313
4 Outlook 314
5 Conclusion 315
References 315
Numerical Study on the Effect of Driving Distance on the Diffusion of PM2.5 in the Street 318
1 Introduction 318
2 The Assumptions and Analysis of the Influence of Inter-vehicle Distance on PM2.5 Diffusion 319
2.1 The Diffusion Mechanism of PM2.5 319
2.2 Determination of Tracer Gases and Emission Factors 320
3 PM2.5 Diffusion Numerical Models for a Given Vehicle Speed and Model 321
3.1 Establishing a CFD Model for Vehicle Emissions 321
3.2 Computing Domain and Grid Scheme 322
4 Comparison and Analysis of Results 325
5 Conclusion 328
References 329
Study on the Speed Limit of Vehicle Stability Under Rainy Environment 331
1 Introduction 331
2 Vehicle Stability 332
2.1 Anti-sliding Stability Analysis of Vehicles 332
2.2 Anti-rollover Analysis of Vehicles 334
2.3 Analysis of Water Slippage in Rainy Day 334
3 Instability Model Construction 335
3.1 Anti-skid Stability Model 335
3.2 Anti-rollover Stability Model 336
4 Rainy Day Highway Safety Simulation 338
4.1 Establishment of ADAMS/Car Model Under Rainfall Conditions 338
4.2 Design of Simulation Program for Driving Safety on Expressway at Rainy Days Based on ADAMS/Car Analysis 339
4.3 Vehicle Safety Driving Judgment Parameter at Rainy Day 340
5 Analysis of Simulation Results of Safe Driving on Expressway in Rainy Day 340
5.1 Analysis of Simulation Results 340
5.2 Simulation Results Verify Reliability 343
6 Conclusions 343
References 348
Optimization Method of Comb-Shaped Speed Reduction Marking Spacing Based on Variable Space-Time Frequencies 349
1 Introduction 350
2 Related Definition and Influence Mechanism 350
3 Design Methods 352
3.1 Design Concept 352
3.2 Design Model 353
4 Simulation Experiment 354
4.1 Apparatus 354
4.2 Observers 355
4.3 Scene Model 355
4.4 Procedure 355
4.5 Data Analysis of the Experiment 356
5 Conclusion 357
References 357
Summary of Research on Exit Control of Urban Expressway 359
1 Introduction 359
2 Control Thought 360
3 Control Plan 361
3.1 Ramp Outlet Direction of Car and Flow Priority 361
3.2 Dynamic Coordination of Auxiliary Roads 363
3.3 Multi System Cooperative Control Aspect 366
4 Personal Review 366
5 Prospects 367
6 Conclusion 368
References 368
Study on Community Detection of Shipping Network Based on Modularity 370
1 Introduction 370
2 Elements of Shipping Network and Data Acquisition 372
2.1 General Complexity Properties of Complex Network 372
2.2 Analysis and Acquisition of the Elements 373
2.3 Community Structure of Shipping Network 373
3 Method of Community Detection Based on Modularity 374
3.1 Measurement of Community Structure—Modularity 374
3.2 Newman Fast Algorithm Based on Modularity 374
4 Case Analysis 375
5 Conclusion 377
References 378
Research on Factors Affecting the Effect of Chinese Port Transformation and Upgrading 380
1 Introduction 380
2 Structural Equation Model 382
3 Influencing Factors Analysis 383
3.1 Influencing Factors of Transformation and Upgrading of Ports 383
3.2 Evaluation Factors of the Effect of Port Transformation and Upgrading 384
4 Model Construction and Questionnaire Analysis 386
4.1 Model Hypothesis 386
4.2 Model Establishment 387
4.3 Data Processing 387
4.4 Model Solution 388
5 Conclusions 393
References 393
Study on the Status Quo and Development of Rural Highway Traffic in South Jiangxi 395
1 Status Quo of Rural Highway Traffic in South Jiangxi 396
1.1 Poor Technical Grades of Rural Roads, Incomplete Traffic Safety Facilities 396
1.2 Increase in the Number of Private Cars in Rural Areas and Weak Awareness of Drivers’ Traffic Regulations 396
1.3 There Are Many Mountainous Roads in Southern Jiangxi, and the Security Protection Facilities Are Weak 397
1.4 The Lack of Forward-Looking Planning of Rural Roads in Southern Jiangxi and Irrational Intersections 398
2 The Development Direction of Rural Highway Traffic in South Anhui 398
2.1 Based on Local Conditions, Develop Rural Transportation in Accordance with the Characteristics of Gannan 398
2.2 Establish a Think Tank for Talents to Study and Plan Rural Transportation in Southern Gannan 399
3 Conclusion 399
References 400
Analysis of Child Pedestrians’ Unsafe Road Crossing Behavior at Intersections in School Zones 401
1 Introduction 402
2 Method 403
2.1 Participants 403
2.2 Location 403
2.3 Procedure 403
3 Results 404
3.1 Age Differences 405
3.2 Gender Differences 405
3.3 Individual and Groups Differences 406
3.4 Signalized and Unsignalized Differences 407
4 Discussion 407
References 409
Investigating Private Cars Idling Behavior in Urban Areas 411
1 Data Source and Methodology 412
1.1 Data Source 412
1.2 Logistic Regression Model 412
2 Results and Discussions 413
2.1 Univariate Logistic Regression Analysis 413
2.2 Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis 415
3 Conclusions 417
References 419
Study on Traffic Safety Security System at the Entrance of Middle and Primary School 420
1 Introduction 420
2 Traffic Characteristics at the Entrance of School 421
2.1 Transportation Characteristics 421
2.2 Characteristics of Transportation Participants 422
3 School Traffic Safety Analysis 422
3.1 Characteristics Analysis of Traffic Accidents 422
3.2 The Analysis of Caused Accidents 423
4 The Transportation Safety Guarantee System Construction at the Entrance of School 425
4.1 The Strategies of Transportation Safety 425
4.2 Transportation Safety Guarantee System 426
5 Analysis of Transportation Safety Guarantee on the Living Example 426
5.1 Current Investigation of Transportation Safety at School 427
5.2 The Analysis of Transportation Safety Problem on Campus 428
5.3 Transportation Safety Management Solutions 430
5.4 Prospect for Implementation of Countermeasures 432
6 Conclusions 433
References 433
A Novel Pedestrian Orientation Estimation Method for Autonomous Driving 434
1 Introduction 434
2 Problem Statement 436
2.1 Problem Statement 436
3 Algorithm Design 437
3.1 HOG Feature 437
3.2 Structured-SVM Classifier 438
3.3 Error Correcting Output Coding 441
3.4 Class Imbalance Problem 443
3.5 Dimension Reduction 444
4 Experiments and Analysis 445
5 Conclusions 451
References 451
Operation Optimization Considering Order Cancellation and Ticket Discount for On-Demand Bus System 453
1 Introduction 454
2 Model Establishment 455
2.1 Variables and Parameters Description 455
2.2 Model Hypotheses 456
2.3 Variables of the Model 457
2.4 The Cost of a Single Bus (Y) and Initial Ticket Price ( X0 ) 458
2.5 The Relationship Between the Passengers’ Waiting Time and the Waiting Behaviour 459
2.6 Single Bus Income Model 460
2.7 The Model of Passenger’s Waiting Time 461
3 Data Processing 464
4 Model Solution 465
5 Conclusion 467
References 467
Research on the Satisfaction Degree of Rookie Station Based on Centrality Analysis—Taking Shenzhen University as an Example 469
1 Introduction 469
2 Construction of Social Network of Satisfaction Degree of College Rookie Station 470
2.1 Construction of Social Network of Satisfaction Degree of College Rookie Station 471
3 The Method of Centrality Analysis 472
4 Example Data Collation and Centrality Analysis 473
4.1 User-Satisfaction Influence Factor 2-Model Data 473
4.2 A Centrality Analysis of the Factors Influencing Satisfaction Degree 474
5 Conclusion 476
References 477
Evaluation Method of Drivers Vision Impacts from Green Belts of Arterial 478
1 Introduction 478
2 Establish the Impacts Model of Green Belt 479
2.1 Selection of Typical Green Belts by LCJ Method 479
2.2 Index Selection of Green Belt by Delphi Method 480
2.3 Testing Program Design of Visual Impacts Based on SBE 482
2.4 Analysis on Experiment Data 482
2.5 Drivers Visual Impacts Modelling 483
3 Model Validation Based on Eye Tracker Test 487
3.1 Design of Driving Test Scheme for Eye Movement 487
3.2 Experimental Preparation and Process 487
3.3 Eye Movement Analysis in ErgoLAB 488
3.4 Experiment in Driving Simulator Dome Under Variable Traffic Flow Condition 490
4 Grading the Impacts of the Green Belt 492
5 Conclusion 493
References 494
Study on Urban Road Network Capacity Based on Self-organized Criticality 495
1 Introduction 496
2 Capacity of Road Network Based on Self-organized Criticality 497
2.1 Self-organized Criticality 497
2.2 The Verification of Urban Road Network’s Self-organized Criticality 498
2.3 The Capacity of Road Network Based on SOC 501
3 The Sandpile Model for Road Network 501
3.1 The Similarity Between Road Network and Sandpile Model 502
3.2 Evolution of Road Network 502
3.3 The Solving Model for RNC 505
4 The Simulation of Sandpile Model for Road Network 506
4.1 The Selection of Network System 506
4.2 Solution to the Sandpile Model of Road Network 506
5 Conclusion 511
References 513
Transit Signal Priority Optimization for Urban Intersection with the Effects of Downstream Bus Stop 514
1 Introduction 515
2 The Model of Transit Signal Priority Timing Optimization 516
2.1 The Green Extension Optimization Model for Bus Priority at the Intersection 516
2.2 The Model of Traffic Signal Timing Optimization 519
3 Example Verification 519
3.1 Traffic Basic Data 519
3.2 Signal Timing Optimization of Bus Priority 520
3.3 Simulation Verification 522
4 Conclusion 523
References 523
Speed Limit Analysis for Street in Residential Block Based on Minimum Network Costs 525
1 Introduction 525
2 Model Development 526
2.1 Traveler Time Value Model 526
2.2 Automobile Exhaust Treatment Cost Model 527
2.3 Traffic Noise Prevention COST Model 528
2.4 The Model of Calculating Road Speed Limits for the District of Block System 529
3 Case Analysis 529
3.1 Testing site 529
References 532
Research on Evacuation Model of Evacuees with Luggage 534
1 Introduction 534
2 Model 536
2.1 Evacuation Model of Evacuees with Luggage 536
2.2 Cellular Driven Model 537
2.3 Evolutionary Rules 540
3 Numerical Simulation and Result Analysis 541
3.1 Evacuation Simulation Model 541
3.2 Simulation Results Analysis 541
4 Conclusion 547
References 548
Experiment on Destination Choice Game 549
1 Introduction 549
2 Experimental Set-up 550
3 Aggregate Behaviors 552
4 Individual Behaviors 554
4.1 Destination Changes 554
4.2 Response Modes 555
5 Conclusion and Discussion 556
References 557
Alleviate Traffic Congestion and Reduce Energy Consumption by Setting a Peak-Only Bus Lane on a Bottleneck-Constrained Highway 558
1 Introduction 559
2 Model Analysis 559
2.1 Auto Mode 559
2.2 Bus Mode 563
2.3 Energy Consumption Model 566
3 Numerical Results 566
3.1 Results with Peak-Only Bus Lane and Without Bus Lane 568
3.2 The Case with Different Constraints 569
3.3 Sensitivity Analyses of the Parameters of the Bus Mode 572
4 Conclusions 573
References 574
Research on Public Transit Priority Level and Travel Cooperation Level 575
1 Introduction 575
2 The Connotation of Public Transit Priority Level 577
3 Public Transit Priority Level Analyses 577
3.1 Travel Time Priority Level 577
3.2 Travel Expense Priority Level 582
3.3 Travel Comfort Priority Level 582
3.4 Comprehensive Priority Level 583
4 Public Transit Priority Level and Travel Cooperation Level 583
4.1 Travel Cooperation Level Based on Travel Time Priority Level 583
4.2 Travel Cooperation Level Based on Travel Expense Priority Level 586
4.3 Travel Cooperation Level Based on Travel Comfort Priority Level 588
4.4 Passive Cooperation and Initiatively Cooperation 589
5 Conclusion 590
References 591
An Intelligent Road Waterlogging Sensor for Traffic Safety: Principle and Algorithm 593
1 Introduction 593
2 The Principle of Pressure-Guiding Road Waterlogging Sensor 595
2.1 Measuring Principle 595
2.2 Mathematical Output Model 596
3 The Measurement Error of Pressure-Guiding Road Waterlogging Sensor 596
3.1 Waterlogging Level Calibration Experiment 596
3.2 Analysis of Measurement Error Sources 597
4 Measurement Error Compensation for Pressure-Guiding Road Waterlogging Sensor Based on BP Neural Network 598
4.1 Steps of Algorithm 598
4.2 Constructing BP Neural Network to Meet the Requirements 599
5 Experimental Results and Discussion 601
6 Conclusion 602
References 602
Travel Decision of Shared Bike Based on Subway Transfer 604
1 Introduction 604
2 Model of Transportation Mode Selection 605
2.1 Independent Variable 605
2.2 Dependent Variable 606
2.3 Comparison Object 606
2.4 Model of Transportation Mode Selection 606
3 Case 608
3.1 Model of Transportation Mode Selection 608
3.2 The Search Time in Reality 610
3.3 Improvement Measures 611
4 Conclusion 612
References 612
Evaluation of On-Street Parking Effectiveness Based on Lean Time Management 613
1 Introduction 613
2 Selection of Evaluation Factor Index 614
2.1 Factors of On-Street Parking Effectiveness 614
2.2 Evaluation System 615
3 Model of On-Street Parking Time-Entropy 616
4 Example and Result Analysis 617
5 Summary 619
References 619
Accurate Identification of Accident Black Point Based on Hazard Attribute Analysis 621
1 Introduction 622
2 Analysis on the Risk Attributes of Accident Multiple Section 622
3 Analysis of Hazard Curve Model of Accident Point 624
3.1 Parameter ? 625
3.2 Parameter 625
3.3 Hazard Difference Variable 626
3.4 Accident Point Risk Curve Function 628
4 Analysis on the Hazard Curve Model of Accident Black Spot 628
4.1 Two Accident Point Risk Curve Model 628
4.2 The Value of ? 629
4.3 Multiple Accident Point Risk Curve Model 630
4.4 The Risk Function of Full Section of the Highway 631
4.5 The Discrimination Threshold of Accident Black Point 631
5 Example Application 632
6 Conclusion 634
References 636
Spatio-Temporal Autocorrelation-Based Clustering Analysis for Traffic Condition: A Case Study of Road Network in Beijing 637
1 Introduction 638
2 Urban Traffic Condition Classification 639
2.1 Improved Spatio-Temporal Moran Scatterplot 639
2.2 Traffic Condition Classification with STMS 640
3 Spatio-Temporal Clustering Method Combining Pre-classification 642
3.1 Pre-classification of Traffic Condition 642
3.2 Spatio-Temperal Clustering Method 643
4 Case Studies 645
4.1 Setup and Parameter Calibration 645
4.2 Clustering Results Combining Pre-classification 646
4.3 Analysis and Discussion 648
5 Conclusions 649
References 650
Passenger Flow Prediction for Urban Rail Transit Stations Considering Weather Conditions 652
1 Introduction 653
2 Data Collection 654
3 Methodology 655
3.1 Random Forest 655
3.2 Measures of Goodness of Fitting 658
4 Results and Discussion 659
4.1 Predicting Accuracy Comparison 659
4.2 Model Performance Under Different Weather Conditions 660
4.3 Relative Importance of the Predictors 661
5 Conclusion 662
References 663
An Algorithm for Searching Freeway Speeding Unlicensed Vehicles 665
1 Introduction 665
2 Speeding Unlicensed Vehicle Search Algorithm 666
2.1 Principles of the Algorithm 666
2.2 Unlicensed Vehicle Speed Information 666
2.3 Determination of Vehicle Travel Time 668
2.4 Determination of Vehicle Entry Time Period 668
3 Application of Algorithm 669
3.1 Ordinary Overspeeding 669
3.2 Interval Speeding 670
3.3 Image Screening 672
3.4 Verification of Illegal Vehicle Information 673
4 Conclusion 673
References 674
Study on the Behavior and Psychology of Pedestrian Traffic Violations on the Crosswalk 675
1 Introduction 675
2 Literature Review 676
3 The Survey of Pedestrian Traffic Behavior 677
3.1 Design of Questionnaire 677
3.2 Survey Methods 677
3.3 Sample Characteristics 677
4 Analysis of Pedestrian Violation Behavior 678
4.1 Understanding of Violation Behaviors 678
4.2 Frequency of Pedestrian Violations 679
4.3 The Causes of Pedestrian Violations 680
5 Analysis of Pedestrian Psychology 681
5.1 Characteristics of Pedestrian Psychology 681
5.2 Pedestrian Preference to Crossing Facilities 681
5.3 The Limit of Waiting Time 682
5.4 The Longest Distance that Pedestrian Can Be Acceptable 683
6 Conclusion 684
References 685
Cooperative Optimization of Seat Control and Ticket Price for High-Speed Rail Passenger Transport 687
1 Introduction 687
2 Literature Review 688
3 Model 689
3.1 Problem Statement 689
3.2 Formulation 690
4 Numerical Experiments 691
5 Conclusions 693
References 693
Influence of Lane Change on Driving Behaviours in Traffic Oscillations Based on Vehicle Trajectory Data from Aerial Videos 695
1 Introduction 696
2 Trajectory Data Acquisition 697
3 Methodology 698
3.1 Road Curve Fitting 699
3.2 Coordinate System Transformation and Calculation Process 699
3.3 Observation of Lane-Changing Induced Transition 700
4 Results 702
4.1 Statistics 702
4.2 Regressive Effect of LC on Driver Characteristics 702
5 Conclusion 708
5.1 Summaries of Results 708
5.2 Deficiency and Future Research 708
References 709
Discriminant Model of Driving Distraction During Mobile Phone Conversation Based on Eye Movements 710
1 Introduction 711
2 Methodology 711
2.1 Apparatus 711
2.2 Subjects 712
2.3 Driving Secondary Task 712
2.4 Procedure 713
3 Results 713
3.1 Analysis of Proportion of Cumulative Gaze Time 714
3.2 Analysis of Fixation Duration 715
3.3 Analysis of Pupil Area Rangeability 715
4 Driving Distraction Discriminant Model 716
5 Conclusion 718
References 719
Study of a New Method of Traffic Organization in Reconstruction and Extension of Chang-Zhang Expressway 721
1 The Present Situation and the Reconstruction and Extension Plan of Chang Zhang Expressway 722
2 Division of the Traffic Organization and the Staged Target 722
3 Traffic Organization Scheme 723
3.1 Roadbed Road Works 723
3.2 Bridge Engineering 726
3.3 Interconnect, Bridge and Other Special Points 727
4 The Traffic Organization Implements Safeguards and Contingency Plans 728
5 Experience in Traffic Organization and Some Thoughts 729
6 Conclusion 730
References 730
The Research on Comprehensive Safety Analysis and Improvement Measures of Changzhang Expressway Yaohu Bridge and Houtian Terminal Interchange: Based on Lane-Changing Behavior 731
1 The Introduction 731
2 The Characteristics of the Vehicle Operation in the Intersections on the Yaohu Bridge to the Houtian Terminal Interchange 732
2.1 The Current Situation and Accident Analysis of the Junction of the Yaohu Bridge to Houtian Terminal Interchange 732
2.2 The Expansion Plan of the Yaohu Bridge and the Traffic Organization of the Adjacent Section After the Expansion 735
2.3 Analysis of Traffic Lane Change in Mixed Area 736
2.4 Analysis of Service Level of Interwoven Area [5] 737
2.5 Operation Status Determination of Interwoven Zone 738
2.6 Evaluation of Changing Behavior Service Level 738
3 Traffic Management and Engineering Improvement Measures 740
3.1 Traffic Guidance Facilities 740
3.2 Passive Protection Facilities 742
3.3 Traffic Management Means 742
4 Conclusions 742
References 743
Study on the Stability Control Strategy for Distributed Driving Electric Vehicle 744
1 Introduction 745
2 Vehicle Stability Controller 746
2.1 Sliding Model Variable Structure Control of Yaw Rate Wr-SMC 747
2.2 Sliding Model Variable Structure Control of Side Slip Angle ?-SMC 748
2.3 Test the Stability of Control Law 749
2.4 Coordinated Control Mechanism for the Wr-SMC and ?-SMC 750
3 Double Lane-Change Test 750
4 Conclusion 752
References 752
Regression Tree Model of the Scale’s Dynamic Adjustment of Cruising Taxicab Capacity 754
1 Introduction 755
2 Analysis of the Influence Factors of Cruising Taxi Capacity 755
3 Regression Tree Model and Algorithm 757
3.1 Regression Tree Model 757
3.2 Model Algorithm 758
4 Structure and Result Analysis of Decision Tree 759
5 Conclusion 762
References 764
Impact of Road Alignment on Lane Departure: A Driving Simulator Study 765
1 Introduction 765
2 Literature Review 766
2.1 Road Alignment Effects on Safety 766
2.2 Road Alignment Effects on Lane Departure 767
3 Methodology 768
3.1 Participants 768
3.2 Simulated Road Course Design 768
3.3 Experimental Procedures 768
4 Results and Analyses 771
4.1 Lane Departure 771
4.2 Turning Track 773
5 Discussion 781
6 Conclusions 782
References 782
Research on Driving Fatigue Level Using ECG Signal from Smart Bracelet 785
1 Introduction 785
2 ECG Data Collection 786
2.1 Experimental Scene Design 786
2.2 Experimental Process and Precautions 787
2.3 Experimental Data Acquisition Device 788
3 Algorithm of Fatigue Level 788
3.1 Comprehensive Index T Calculation 789
3.2 Comprehensive Indicator T Compensation 790
3.3 Fatigue Level Threshold Determination 792
4 Experimental Verification 794
5 Conclusion 795
References 795
An Analysis of the Travel Patterns of Pilgrimage Groups in Lhasa Tibet 797
1 Introduction 797
2 Literature Review 798
3 The Distinctiveness of the Pilgrimage Trip 799
3.1 The Distinctiveness of Pilgrimage 799
3.2 The Distinctiveness of Circumambulation Trip 800
4 A Comparative Analysis on the Travel Characteristics of the Pilgrims and the Non-pilgrims 801
4.1 Travel Ratio 801
4.2 Travel Mode 801
4.3 Travel Purpose 802
4.4 Travel Time Distribution 802
4.5 Departure Time 802
5 Analysis of Travel Behavior Changes in Different Pilgrim Age Groups 804
5.1 Travel Rate Changes by Age 804
5.2 Travel Time Changes by Age 805
5.3 Changes in Travel Distance with Age 805
5.4 Changes in Travel Mode with Age 807
6 Analysis of Travel Chain Based on Pilgrimage 807
6.1 Travel Chains of the Pilgrims 808
6.2 Gross Travel Time Distribution of Travel Chain of the Pilgrims 808
6.3 Analyzing the Purpose(s) of the Pilgrims’ Travel Chain 809
7 Conclusions 810
References 811
Research on Drivers’ Cognitive Level at Different Self-explaining Intersections 813
1 Introduction 813
2 Self-explaining Road 814
2.1 Self-explaining Intersection Experiment 814
2.2 Experimental Scene 814
3 Driving Intention Identification Based on Double Hidden Markov Model 815
3.1 Experimental Data Processing 815
3.2 Offline Training 816
3.3 Lab VIEW Online Verification 817
3.4 In Conclusion 818
4 Conclusions 821
References 821
A Novel Multiple Object Tracking Algorithm for Autonomous Vehicles 822
1 Introduction 822
2 Methodology 824
3 Experimental Results 827
4 Conclusion 831
References 831
Study on Routing Optimization Model of Container Sea-Rail Intermodal Transport Based on Transit Period 833
1 Introduction 833
2 Literature Review 834
3 Establish Model 835
3.1 Problem Description 835
3.2 Assumptions 836
3.3 Parameters and Variables 836
3.4 Mathematical Formulation 837
4 Case Analysis 838
5 Conclusions 840
References 841
Passenger Flow Prediction Model of Intercity Railway Based on G-BP Network 842
1 Introduction 842
2 Factors Affecting Passenger Flow on Intercity Railway 843
3 Intercity Railway Passenger Flow Forecasting Model 844
3.1 Prediction Theory 844
3.2 Prediction Steps 845
4 Instance Prediction 847
4.1 Predictive Indicators 847
4.2 Main Indicators Extraction 847
4.3 Passenger Flow Prediction 849
5 Conclusions 852
References 852
Comparative Study on Value of a Statistical Life in Road Traffic Based on Mixed Logit Model 854
1 Introduction 854
2 SCM Questionnaire Design 856
2.1 Hypothetical Scenario 856
2.2 Characteristic Variables and Variables Levels 857
2.3 Alternative Combinations 857
3 Random Distributions and VOSL Evaluation Model 857
3.1 Random Distributions and Their Characteristics 857
3.2 VOSL Evaluation Model 858
4 Monte Carlo Simulation Algorithms 859
4.1 Selection Probability of ML Model 859
4.2 Random Numbers for Simulating the Parameter ? of Fatal Risk 860
4.3 Simulation Probability of Selection Probability 860
4.4 Logarithmic Likelihood Function 861
5 Data Acquisition and Parameter Calibrations 861
5.1 Data Acquisition 861
5.2 Parameter Calibrations 862
5.3 Comparative Analysis Between ML Models 862
6 Improved ML Models and Analysis of Calibration Results 863
6.1 Improved ML Models 863
6.2 Calibration Results of Improved ML Models 863
6.3 VOSL Distribution Function and Its Mathematical Expectation 864
6.4 Comparative Analysis of ML Models and Evaluation Results 866
7 Conclusion 866
References 867
Research on Point-to-Point Direct Transportation Organization Mode of Railway Bulk Goods 869
1 Introduction 869
2 Problem Description 870
3 Establish Model 871
4 Case Analysis 875
5 Conclusions 881
References 881
Research on Accident Causing Chains with Bayesian Networks on Waterborne Engineering 882
1 Accident Causation Chain 883
1.1 The Human Behavior Accident Causation Chain 883
1.2 The Object Accident Causation Chain 883
1.3 The Environment Accident Causation Chain 883
2 Accident Causing Model 883
3 Bayesian Network 885
4 Conclusion 886
References 888
Study on the Impact on Drivers of Performance Difference Between Pure Electric and Conventional Fuel Bus 889
1 Introduction 890
2 Literature Review 890
3 Research Methods and Experiments 892
3.1 Research Methods and Objects 892
3.2 Test Equipment 892
3.3 Test Method 893
4 Experimental Result 893
4.1 Speed Estimation 893
4.2 Driving Acceleration 898
4.3 Driver Sleepness Occurrence Time 899
4.4 Sensory Distance of Traffic Participants 900
5 Conclusion 903
References 903
Application of Accident Causation Chain in Security Management of Ports and Channels 905
1 Introduction 905
2 Accident Causation Chain 906
3 Security Management for Construction in Ports and Channels 908
4 Conclusion 909
References 910
Comparative Study on the Measures to the Safety Management of Bulk Liquid Dangerous Goods Storage in Port Areas 911
1 Introduction 911
2 Comparison of Safety Management Indicators for Ships Operating in Port 912
3 Comparison of Safety Management Indicators for Terminal Operations 913
4 Suggestions 918
References 919
Research on the Influence of Traffic Factors Based in Mixed Logit Model on Short-Rent Lease of Housing 920
1 Introduction 921
2 The Characteristic Analysis of Tenant Choosing Short-Rent Housing Lease 923
3 Establishment of Utility Function 924
4 Utility Function of Different Traffic Factors 924
5 Modeling and Coefficient Solving 926
6 Case Analysis 928
7 Analysis of Survey Data 930
8 Conclusion 935
References 936
An Accurate Prediction Method for Airport Operational Situation Based on Hidden Markov Model 937
1 Introduction 937
2 Airport Operation Situation Analysis 939
2.1 Definition and Quantitative Expression of Airport Operation Situation 939
2.2 Quantitative Classification of Airport Operation Situation 939
3 Establishment of Airport Operation Situation Prediction Model 941
3.1 HMM Model Design 941
3.2 Solution Method 942
4 Example Analysis 944
4.1 Data Collation and Analysis 945
4.2 Verification of HMM Prediction Model 948
4.3 Application of Prediction Model 951
5 Conclusion 952
References 952
Parking Demand Forecasting Model for Urban Complex Based on Shared Parking: A Case Study of Harbin City 954
1 Introduction 954
2 Parking Demand Features of Urban Complex 955
2.1 Definition 955
2.2 Analysis of Parking Demand Features 955
3 Influence Factors on Parking Demand in Urban Complex 956
4 Parking Demand Forecasting Model Based on Shared Parking 958
4.1 Definition of Shared Parking 958
4.2 Quantification of Influence Factors 958
4.3 Parking Demand Forecasting Model 962
5 Case Analysis 965
5.1 Overview 965
5.2 Analysis of Forecasting Results 966
6 Conclusion 966
References 967
Research on Multimodal Transportation Path Optimization with Time Window Based on Ant Colony Algorithm in Low Carbon Background 968
1 Introduction 969
2 Mixed Integer Programming Model for Multimodal Transport 971
2.1 Problem Description 971
2.2 Related Assumptions 971
2.3 Mathematical Model 971
3 Multimodal Transportation Algorithm 973
4 Instance Design and Result Analysis 975
4.1 Instance1 975
4.2 Instance2 976
4.3 Instance3 976
4.4 Result Analysis 976
5 Conclusion 980
References 985
RBFNN-Bagging-Model-Based Study on Bus Speed Predication 986
1 Introduction 987
1.1 Research Background and Status Quo 987
1.2 Optimization of Data Sources 988
1.3 Optimization of Prediction Model 988
2 Application of Multi-source Floating Car Data for Prediction 989
2.1 Analysis of Floating Car Data’s Influences on Calculation of Road Speed Information 989
2.2 Fusion of Taxi Data and Bus Data 990
3 Analysis of Input Parameters in Model 991
3.1 Analysis of Input Parameters in Model 991
3.2 Model Construction 993
3.3 Implementation of the Optimized Model 995
4 Experiment and Evaluation 996
4.1 Test Data Set 997
4.2 Evaluation Criteria of Model 997
4.3 Experimental Scheme 997
5 Conclusion 1000
References 1001
Research on Applying Solar Energy Technology to Rail Transit Vehicle 1002
1 Introduction 1002
2 Solar Radiant Energy 1003
3 The Constitution of Rail Transit Vehicle’s Solar Energy System 1003
3.1 Flat Plate Collector 1004
3.2 Heat Exchange of Molten Salt 1005
3.3 Photovoltaic Cell 1005
3.4 Rail Transit Vehicle’s Storage Battery 1007
3.5 Photovoltaic Power Generation Controller 1008
3.6 Buck-Boost Chopper 1009
3.7 Arrester 1010
4 Operating Principle of Rail Transit Vehicle’s Solar Energy System 1010
4.1 Operating Principle of Solar Energy Hot Water Supply System 1010
4.2 Operating Principle of Photovoltaic Power Generation System 1011
5 Economic Benefits and CO2 Emission Reduction Analysis 1013
5.1 Economic Benefits 1013
5.2 CO2 Emission Reduction Analysis 1014
6 Conclusion 1015
References 1015
Analysis of Typical Attacks on Intelligent and Connected Vehicle Cyber Security 1016
1 Introduction 1016
2 Intelligent and Connected Vehicle Threat Model 1017
2.1 Internal Risks 1018
2.2 External Risks 1018
3 Analysis of Typical Attack Case 1019
3.1 Example of Ford Winged Tiger Brake Attack 1019
3.2 Typical Attacking Path Map of Intelligent and Connected Vehicle 1023
4 Conclusions 1024
References 1024
A Prediction Precision Inference Method for Passenger Alighting Station Based on the Condition Hypothesis 1026
1 Introduction 1027
2 Data Description 1028
3 Passenger Alighting Station Prediction 1029
3.1 Travel Characteristics of Public Transport 1030
3.2 Construction of Mixed Travel Link 1031
3.3 Prediction by Partial Match Model 1032
3.4 Condition Hypothesis 1034
4 Experiment and Results 1034
4.1 Cluster Stations and Expand Clusters 1034
4.2 The Prediction of the Boarding Cluster and Boarding Station 1034
4.3 The Inference of the Alighting Cluster and Alighting Station 1037
4.4 Discussion 1038
5 Conclusion 1040
References 1040
Deep-Learning-Based Detection of Obstacles in Transit on Trams 1042
1 Introduction 1042
2 Passthrough Layer for Tiny Obstacles 1043
3 Anchor Boxes for Detection in Specific Areas 1044
4 Batch Normalization for Flexibility in Different Distributions 1046
5 Network Architectures 1048
6 Discussion 1050
7 Conclusion 1053
References 1053
Prediction of Failure Rate of Metro Vehicle Bogie Based on Neural Network 1055
1 Introduction 1055
2 RBF Neural Network 1057
2.1 Definition 1057
2.2 Shortcomings of RBF Neural Network 1058
2.3 Genetic Algorithm 1059
3 Cases of Bogie System Failure Rate Prediction 1059
3.1 Modeling Approach 1059
3.2 Modeling 1060
3.3 Simulation and Analysis 1061
4 Conclusion 1063
References 1064
Vehicle Risk Analysis and En-route Speed Warning Research Based on Traffic Environment 1065
1 Introduction 1065
2 Modeling of Traffic Environmental Risk Index 1067
2.1 Traffic Environmental Risk Model 1067
2.2 Dynamic Risk Factors 1071
2.3 Traffic Environmental Risk Index 1071
3 Verification of Traffic Environmental Risk Index 1072
3.1 Road Selection 1072
3.2 Model Application 1072
3.3 The Model Validation 1072
4 Establishment and Verification of Vehicle Speed Early Warning Model 1073
4.1 Vehicle Speed Early Warning Model 1073
4.2 Verification of Early Warning Vehicle Speed 1075
5 The Design of the Speed Early Warning System 1076
5.1 The Collection and Transmission of the Information of the Speed Early Warning System 1076
5.2 Workflow of Vehicle Speed Early Warning System 1081
6 Conclusion 1081
References 1083
The Prediction of Delay Time Class Caused by CTCS-3 Onboard System Fault Based on Decision Tree 1085
1 Introduction 1086
2 Technology Roadmap 1086
3 Fault Feature Extraction Based on Expert Knowledge 1087
3.1 Data Set Features 1087
3.2 Fault Feature Extraction 1088
4 Constructing Decision Tree Model by CART 1088
4.1 CART Algorithm 1088
4.2 SMOTE Algorithm 1090
4.3 Adjust Parameters Using Grid Search Method 1091
5 Verification and Results Analysis 1091
5.1 Results Analysis 1091
6 Conclusion 1093
References 1093
Road Network Equilibrium Analysis Based on Section Importance and Gini Coefficient 1095
1 Introduction 1096
2 Section Importance 1097
2.1 Space-Time Influence 1097
2.2 Space-Time Distribution 1100
2.3 Importance Calculation 1101
3 Road Network Equilibrium Analysis 1101
4 Case Study 1103
4.1 Experiment Scenario and Data Set 1103
4.2 Network Equilibrium Analysis 1103
5 Conclusion 1108
References 1109
Research on Driving Workload Characteristics of Drivers Under Various Dangerous Scenarios Based on EEG 1111
1 Introduction 1111
2 Experimental Design and Data Acquisition 1113
2.1 Experimental Preparation 1113
2.2 Experimental Route 1113
2.3 Experimental Steps 1113
2.4 Selection of Dangerous Scenarios 1114
3 EEG Index Extraction and Processing 1115
3.1 EEG Indicators 1115
3.2 EEG Indicators Processing 1116
4 Analysis of EEG Variation Under Various Dangerous Scenarios 1117
5 Analysis of Factors Affecting Driver’s EEG Variation 1118
5.1 The Driving Experience 1118
5.2 The Age of Driver 1119
6 Conclusion 1120
References 1121
Classification of Beijing Metro Stations Based on Multi-source Data and Gaussian Mixture Model 1122
1 Introduction 1122
2 Data and Variable 1123
2.1 Data Collection 1123
2.2 Variable Selection 1124
3 Gaussian Mixture Model 1125
3.1 Model Description 1125
3.2 Steps of Clustering by GMM 1126
4 Clustering Results 1126
4.1 Factor Analysis 1127
4.2 Results Analysis 1129
5 Conclusion 1133
References 1133
The Progressivity of a Per-kilometer Congestion Tax in Beijing 1134
1 Introduction 1134
2 Literature Review 1135
3 Data and Methods 1137
3.1 Data 1137
3.2 Suits Index 1138
4 Results and Discussion 1138
5 Regression Results 1141
6 Conclusions 1142
References 1144
Social Network Analysis and Connection Strength Evaluation of Urban Tourist Attractions Using Car-Hailing Data: A Case Study of Beijing 1145
1 Introduction 1145
2 Study Area and Data Preprocess 1147
2.1 Beijing Tourist Attractions 1147
2.2 Data Description 1148
2.3 Tourist Trips Identification 1148
3 Method 1149
3.1 Social Network Analysis 1149
3.2 Connection Strength Evaluation 1151
4 Results 1152
4.1 Tourist Attractions Network Profiles 1152
4.2 Tourist Attractions Profile 1153
4.3 Connection Strength Distribution 1154
5 Discussion and Conclusion 1156
6 Suggestion and Future Work 1157
References 1157
Visualization of Spatio-Temporal Traffic Performance in Urban Road Network Based on Grid Model 1159
1 Introduction 1159
2 The Proposed Method 1161
2.1 Data Preprocessing 1161
2.2 Map Grid 1162
2.3 Traffic Attributes Extraction 1162
2.4 Visualization of Traffic Performance Index 1163
3 Result 1165
3.1 Traffic Ratio Indicator Result 1165
3.2 Traffic Performance Index Result 1167
4 Conclusion 1168
References 1169
A Cooperative Motion Control Strategy of Multi-objects Simulation Based on CAV Testing Platform 1171
1 Introduction 1171
2 Analysis of the Functions of CAV Testing Platform 1173
3 Motion Model of Transportation Participators Simulation in CAV Testing Platform 1173
3.1 Trajectory Dimension Simulation 1173
3.2 Reaction Dimension Simulation 1175
4 Testing Framework of Platform 1176
5 Model Verification 1179
6 Conclusions 1183
References 1183
Research on Attention Capacity Measurement for Drivers’ Visual Space Information 1184
1 Introduction 1185
2 Methods 1186
2.1 Information Sources and Testing Methods 1186
2.2 Test Information Source Settings 1187
2.3 Scene Design 1187
2.4 Sample 1189
2.5 Measurements 1189
3 Results 1191
4 Discussion 1198
5 Conclusion 1199
References 1200
An Improved Convolutional Neural Network for Monocular Depth Estimation 1202
1 Introduction 1203
2 Data and Method 1204
2.1 Training and Test Dataset 1204
2.2 U-NET Based DORN for Monocular Depth Estimation 1205
3 Experiments and Results 1207
4 Discussion and Comparison 1208
5 Conclusion 1209
References 1209
Vehicle Trajectory Extraction Method Research for Intersection Bayonet Data 1211
1 Introduction 1211
2 Methodology 1212
2.1 Data Preparation 1214
2.2 Vehicle Trajectory Extraction and Separation 1216
2.3 Vehicle Trajectory Reconstruction 1218
3 Experiment 1220
3.1 Data Description 1220
3.2 Example 1221
4 Conclusion 1223
References 1223
Critical Section Identification in Road Traffic Network Based on Spatial and Temporal Features of Traffic Flow 1225
1 Introduction 1226
2 Spatial Weight Matrix 1228
2.1 Road Network Adjacency Matrix 1228
2.2 Adjacency Matrix Weights 1230
3 Critical Section Identification Model 1231
3.1 Space-Time Influence 1231
3.2 Space-Time Distribution 1234
3.3 Importance Calculation 1235
4 Case Study 1235
5 Conclusion 1248
References 1250
Public Traffic Passenger Flow Prediction Model for Short-Term Large Scale Activities Based on Wavelet Analysis 1252
1 Introduction 1253
2 Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Large Scale Passenger Flow Based on Smart Card Data 1254
3 Public Transport Passenger Flow Prediction During Short-Term Large-Scale Activities 1256
3.1 Short-Term Passenger Flow Sequence Analysis 1257
3.2 Wavelet Analysis Based Short-Time Passenger Flow Prediction 1258
4 Wavelet Analysis Based Short-Time Passenger Flow Prediction—A Case Study of Beijing 1260
4.1 Analysis of Passenger Flow Sequence in Frequency Domain 1262
4.2 Lyapunov Indexes Calculation and Chaos Identification 1262
4.3 Flow Sequence Forecasting 1263
5 Conclusions 1264
References 1265
The Impact of Subject Diversity on Taxi Transportation System 1266
1 Introduction 1267
2 The Subject of Taxi Transportation System 1267
2.1 Driver Classification 1267
2.2 Passengers Classification 1268
3 Simulation Methodology 1268
3.1 Process 1268
3.2 Network and Parameter 1268
3.3 Evaluation Index 1270
4 Results and Discussions 1271
4.1 Analysis of Ordinary Passengers 1271
4.2 Analysis of Congested Passengers 1272
4.3 Analysis of Short-Distance Passengers 1274
4.4 Analysis of Marginal Passengers 1276
5 Conclusions 1278
References 1279
Driving Behavior Characteristics on Urban Expressway On- and Off-Ramp by Simulation 1280
1 Introduction 1281
2 Methods 1281
2.1 Simulation Environment 1281
2.2 Participants and Test Requirement 1283
2.3 Data Collection and Preprocessing 1284
3 Driving Behavior Characterizes on Urban Expressway On- and Off-Ramp 1286
3.1 The Utilization Analysis of On-Ramp Acceleration and Off-Ramp Deceleration Section 1286
3.2 Speed Transition Analysis of On- and Off-Ramp 1289
3.3 Analysis of the Key Vehicle Merging and Departure Positions 1291
4 Conclusions 1293
References 1294
Optimization on Design Parameters of Road Longitudinal Slope Based on Truck Dynamics 1295
1 Introduction 1296
2 Truck Dynamics and Its Driving Features on Longitudinal Slope 1297
2.1 Force Analysis of Truck 1297
2.2 Stable Slope Gradient and Slope Length 1298
2.3 Driving Features on Longitudinal Slope 1299
2.4 Truck Test Conditions in TruckSim Environment 1301
3 The Establishment of Truck Simulation Model in TruckSim 1303
3.1 Truck Models in TruckSim 1303
3.2 The Calibration of Truck Models with Field Tests 1306
4 Analysis of Truck Driving Behavior on Longitudinal Slopes 1306
4.1 Truck Driving Speed Deceleration on Uphill and Optimum Design of Uphill 1306
4.2 Brake Disc Temperature on Downhill and Optimum Design of Downhill 1309
5 Conclusion 1312
References 1313
Research on Express Highway Safety Features and Improvement Measures 1314
1 Instruction 1314
2 Express Highway Safety Features 1315
2.1 According to the Requirements to Control Accesses 1315
2.2 High Speed and Large Speed Difference 1317
2.3 Contradiction Between Anti-dazzle Facilities and Sight Distance in Horizontal Curve Sections 1318
3 Safety Improvement Measures 1318
3.1 Access Management 1318
3.2 Speed Management 1321
3.3 Anti-dazzle Facilities Installation 1325
4 Conclusion 1326
References 1327
Failure Propagation Analysis of Complex System Based on Multiple Potential Field 1328
1 Introduction 1328
2 Preliminaries 1330
3 System Failure Propagation Model Based on the Multiple Potential Field 1331
3.1 System Structure and Functional Behavior Network Model 1331
3.2 Failure Propagation Model Based on the Multiple Potential Field 1332
4 Case Study 1335
5 Discussions and Conclusions 1340
References 1341
Influence of Foam Liner on Tunnels Subjected to Internal Blast Loading 1342
1 Introduction and Literature Review 1342
2 Numerical Analysis Model 1343
2.1 Blast Simulation 1343
2.2 Constitutive Model of Foam Liner 1344
3 Results of Simulations 1345
4 Conclusion and Future Research 1346
References 1346
The Optimal Road Tolls and Parking Fees for Managing Daily Household Commute in a Linear City 1348
1 Introduction 1348
2 Morning and Evening Commuting Patterns Considering Daily Travel Cost Without Road Toll and Parking Fee (f) 1350
2.1 Nash-Equilibrium Travel Pattern in the Evening Commute with Fixed Parking Locations 1351
2.2 User-Equilibrium Traffic Pattern in the Morning Considering Daily Travel Cost 1353
3 Morning and Evening Commuting Patterns with Time-Varying Road Tolls (r) 1357
4 Time-Varying Road Tolls and Location-Dependent Parking Fees for a System Optimum (o) 1359
5 Optimal Location-Dependent Parking Fees Without Roads Tolls (p) 1361
6 Numerical Examples 1363
7 Conclusions 1364
References 1365
Airfield Smart Operations Management and Application of Shared Services 1366
1 Intelligence Sharing Platform of Unpowered Equipment 1367
2 Airfield Smart Vehicle Operations 1370
3 Travel Analysis for the Passengers in Airfield 1371
3.1 Working Staff Transportation 1371
3.2 Crew Members Transportation 1372
3.3 Passengers (Domestic Passengers) Transportation 1372
4 Smart and Green Transportation Plan 1373
4.1 Service Plan for Staff 1373
4.2 Crew Member Service Plan 1376
4.3 Passenger Service Plan 1376
Evaluating the Impact of Traffic Congestion on Mid-block Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations on an Urban Arterial 1378
1 Introduction 1378
2 Data Collection and Preparation 1380
2.1 Data Investigation Site and Data Collection 1380
2.2 Data Preparation 1381
3 Impact of Traffic Congestion on Mid-block PM2.5 Concentrations 1383
3.1 Impact of Traffic Volume 1384
3.2 Traffic Congestion and Mid-block PM2.5 Concentrations 1385
4 Modeling of Micro Traffic Conditions on PM2.5 Concentrations 1387
4.1 Interpretation of Variables 1387
4.2 Modified Passenger Car Equivalents 1388
4.3 A Comprehensive Model 1389
5 Conclusions 1389
References 1390
Uncertainty Analysis of Rock Strength Based on Mohr-Coulomb Criterion 1392
1 Introduction 1392
2 Uncertainty Analysis of Input Parameters 1393
2.1 Experiment Evaluation of Uncertainty 1393
2.2 Probability Distribution of Input Parameters 1394
3 Uncertainty Analysis of Rock Strength 1396
3.1 Mohr-Coulomb Criterion 1396
3.2 Evaluation Index 1396
3.3 Probability Prediction 1396
4 Results and Discussions 1397
4.1 Result Discussion 1397
5 Conclusions 1397
References 1398
Dynamic Maintenance Decision Model for Essential Equipment of Metro Based on Markov Chain 1400
1 Introduction 1400
2 Markov Chain Model Analysis 1402
3 Maintenance Decision of Metro Key Equipment Based on Markov Chainsystem Classification 1405
4 Case Analysis of State Maintenance Decision Model 1407
5 Conclusion 1410
References 1410
Research on the Choice of Shared Car Travel Behavior Based on Medium Commuting Distance 1411
1 Introduction 1411
2 Model Theory 1413
3 Model Establishment 1415
4 Model Application 1415
5 Conclusion 1419
References 1419
Study on Passenger Flow Characteristics and Classification Method of Rail Transit Stations Based on AFC Data—A Case Study of Ancient District of Suzhou 1421
1 Introduction 1421
2 An Analysis of Rail Transit Passenger Flow Collector-Distributor Point Classification 1422
3 Study of Rail Transit Station Classification 1422
3.1 Analysis Concept 1422
3.2 Classification Standards 1423
4 Case Study—Ancient Urban Area of Suzhou 1425
4.1 RTS Distribution in Ancient Urban Area of Suzhou 1425
4.2 Characteristics of Changes in Passenger Flows Entering/Exiting Different Types of Stations 1425
5 Conclusion 1430
References 1430
Realized Application of a Contactless CPU Card for Public Transport Interconnection 1432
1 Introduction 1433
2 System Architecture 1434
2.1 Urban Public Transport IC Card System Architecture 1434
2.2 National Transport One-Card Interconnection System Architecture 1435
3 Card Applications and File Requirements 1437
4 Terminal Transaction Flow 1438
5 National Transport One-Card Interconnection Clearing and Settlement Platform 1439
6 Test Certification System 1441
7 Innovation Points 1442
8 Concluding Remarks 1442
References 1443
Bearing Fault Diagnosis with Impulsive Noise Based on EMD and Cyclic Correntropy 1444
1 Introduction 1444
2 Fundamentals of Correntropy Function and Cyclic Spectral Analysis 1446
2.1 Empirical Mode Decomposition 1446
3 Correntropy Function 1447
4 Cyclic Spectral Analysis 1448
5 Cyclostationary Analysis Based on EMD and Cyclic Correlation Entropy 1449
6 Simulation Analysis 1450
7 Experimental Validations 1454
7.1 Case 1: Vibration Signal from Case Western Reserve University 1454
7.2 Case 2: Railway Axle Bearing Fault Data 1456
8 Conclusion 1461
References 1461
Research on Driving Behavior of Mountain City Passenger Car Drivers Based on GPS Data 1463
1 Introduction 1464
2 Experimental Scheme 1465
2.1 Experimental Road 1465
2.2 Test Vehicle 1465
2.3 Methods of Obtaining Experimental Data 1466
2.4 Experimental Data Processing and Analysis Theory 1468
3 Experimental Results 1469
3.1 Driving Acceleration Model of Bus Driver 1469
3.2 Analysis of the Critical Value of Driving Speed 1473
4 Conclusion 1474
References 1475
A Comprehensive Collision Prevention Approach for Rural Highway in Mountain Area 1477
1 Introduction 1477
2 Rural Highway Traffic Characteristics 1478
2.1 Road Environment Characteristics 1478
2.2 Traffic Flow Characteristics 1479
3 Analysis of Traffic Safety Along Highway Sections Through Villages and Towns 1480
3.1 Traffic Safety Overview 1480
3.2 Traffic Accident Characteristics [5] 1481
3.3 Analysis of the Influencing Factors of Traffic Accidents 1482
4 Traffic Safety Promotion Technology of Road Sections in Villages and Towns 1482
5 Application Example 1483
5.1 General Situation 1483
5.2 Traffic Safety Facilities Status 1484
5.3 The Promotion Technology of Traffic Safety 1484
5.4 Risk Evaluation 1485
6 Conclusion 1485
References 1486
Determinants of Long Distance Traveler’s Arrival Modes: A Case Study of the Beijing Capital Airport 1487
1 Background and Previous Research 1488
2 Theoretical Hypothesis and Data Acquire 1489
3 Statistical Analyses of Social Characteristics and Test of Reliability and Validity 1491
4 Descriptive Statistics of Variables 1493
5 Correlation Analyses of Variables 1494
6 Structural Equation Model Applied on Decision Making 1497
7 Conclusion and Further Discussion 1500
References 1501
Author Index 1502