Engineering Design Applications III (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 7
Geometrical Characterization of a Lumbar Spine 11
1 Introduction 12
2 Statement of the Problem 13
3 Materials and Methods 14
4 Results 18
5 Conclusions 18
References 21
Antigravity Device for Intravertebral Rehabilitation 22
1 Introduction 22
2 Methodology 23
3 Development 23
3.1 Numerical Analysis 25
3.2 Engine Selection 26
3.3 Band and Pulley Selection 27
3.4 Programming of the Rehabilitation Sequence 28
4 Conclusions 29
References 29
Simplified Test Bench Used to Reproduce Child Facial Damage During a Frontal Collision 31
1 Introduction 31
2 Prototype Design 32
3 Kinematic Analysis 34
4 Experimental Tests 35
5 Results 35
6 Conclusion 36
References 36
Scientific Visualization as a Tool for Signal Processing in EEG Interpretation: Car Driver Sleeping State Detection for Advanced Cars Control Systems 38
1 Introduction 38
2 Scientific Visualization 39
3 Neurosicence Background and Signal Processing Approach to EEG Analysis 40
4 Proposal 42
5 Results 43
6 Conclusions 46
References 50
Determination, Validation, and Dynamic Analysis of an Off-Road Chassis 52
1 Introduction 52
2 Methodology 56
2.1 Simulation 57
2.2 Validation 58
2.3 Dynamic Analysis 60
3 Results and Discussions 62
3.1 Simulations 62
3.2 Validation 62
3.3 Dynamic Analysis 64
4 Conclusions 66
References 67
Experimental Investigation of the Dynamics of a Ropeway Passing Over a Support 68
1 Introduction 68
2 Stationary Vehicle: Oscillations and Damping 69
3 Measurement of the Velocity and the Deviation Angle of the Moving Vehicle 70
3.1 Velocity of the Hauling Cable 70
3.2 Deviation Angles 71
4 Conclusion 74
References 76
Environmental Fatigue Analysis of the Feedwater Piping System of a BWR-5 77
1 Introduction 78
2 Statement of the Problem 79
3 Finite Element Model 79
4 Transient Loading Cases 79
5 Results 81
6 Evaluation of the Environmental Cumulative Usage Factor 83
7 Conclusions 84
References 85
Structural Vibrations in a Building of a Nuclear Power Plant Caused by an Underground Blasting 87
1 Introduction 88
2 Statement of the Problem 89
3 Methodology 90
4 Structural Modelling 91
5 Results 92
6 Conclusion 95
References 96
Analysis of an Aircraft Impact on a Dry Storage Cask of Spent Nuclear Fuel 97
1 Introduction 98
2 Dynamic Nonlinear Analysis 100
3 Explicit Dynamics 100
4 Methodology 101
4.1 Structural Modelling with CATIA® (Dassault Systems) 101
4.2 Domain Discretization 103
4.3 Boundary Conditions 103
4.4 Results 103
4.5 Conclusion 107
References 107
Review of Electromagnetic Compatibility on Digital Systems of Nuclear Power Plants 109
1 Introduction 110
2 Human–Machine Interface in Nuclear Power Plant 112
3 Upgrade of the I& C Systems in Nuclear Power Plants
4 Electromagnetic Compatibility 116
5 Conclusion 117
References 118
Effect of Beam Rigidity on the Lateral Stiffness of a One-Storey Frame 120
1 Introduction 120
2 Analysis of a One-Storey One-Bay Frame with an Infinitely Rigid Beam 121
2.1 Two Fixed–Fixed Columns with an Infinitely Rigid Beam 122
2.2 A Hinged-Fixed Column with a Fixed–Fixed Column with an Infinitely Rigid Beam 122
2.3 Two Hinged-Fixed Columns with an Infinitely Rigid Beam 123
3 Analysis of a One-Storey One-Bay Frame with a Flexible Beam 123
3.1 Analysis of a Frame in the Case Where the Columns Are Fixed at Their Bases 123
3.2 Analysis of a Frame in the Case of One Column Base Is Hinged and the Second Is Fixed 128
3.3 Analysis of a Frame in the Case Where the Columns Are Hinged at Their Bases 129
4 Conclusion 131
References 131
Fundamental Transverse Vibration Circular Frequency of a Cantilever Beam with an Intermediate Elastic Support 132
1 Introduction 132
2 Spring Located at the Right Beam End 133
3 Spring Located at a Variable Abscissa a 135
4 Conclusion 136
References 136
Axial Fundamental Vibration Frequency of a Tapered Rod with a Linear Cross-Sectional Area Variation 138
1 Introduction 138
2 Analysis of a Tapered Rod with a Linear Cross-Sectional Area Variation 139
3 Vibration of Uniform Rod 141
3.1 Vibration of Uniform Rod Using the Rayleigh Method 141
3.2 Axial Vibration of a Uniform Rod Using the FEM Analysis 143
4 Fundamental Vibration Angular Frequency of a Tapered Rod with a Linear Cross-Sectional Area Variation 145
4.1 Analysis of a Linear Tapered Rod Fixed at Its Large Base 145
4.2 Analysis of a Linear Tapered Rod Fixed at Its Small Base 147
4.3 Variations of ?1,RCT.(?.L2/E)1/2 of a Tapered Rod Fixed at Its Large Base 151
4.4 Variations of ?1,RCT.(?.L2/E)1/2 of a Tapered Rod Fixed at Its Small Base 152
5 Variations of ?1 of a Tapered Rod Using the FEM 152
5.1 Case Where the Large Base Is Fixed 152
5.2 Case Where the Small Base Is Fixed 154
6 Conclusion 154
References 155
Vibration of an SDOF Representing a Rigid Beam Supported by Two Unequal Columns with One Mounted on a Flexible Base 157
1 Introduction 157
2 Vibration Period for Extreme Values of Kr 159
2.1 Right Column Pinned-Fixed 159
2.2 Right Column Fixed-Fixed 161
3 Effect of a Torsion Spring on the Vibration Period 161
3.1 Right Column Pinned-Fixed 162
3.2 Right Column Fixed-Fixed 162
4 Conclusion 163
References 164
Vibration Analysis of a Uniform Beam Fixed at One End and Restrained Against Translation and Rotation at the Second One 165
1 Introduction 165
2 Beam Modeling 166
2.1 Elementary Stiffness Matrix 167
2.2 Elementary Mass Matrix 167
3 Analysis of the Beam Vibration for Extreme Values of KT and Kr 167
3.1 Beam Vibration Analysis in the Case of KT* = 0 169
3.2 Beam Vibration Analysis in the Case of  KT* = infty 170
3.3 Beam Vibration Analysis in the Case Where Kr* = 0 or  Kr* =infty 171
4 Effect of KT* and Kr* on the Beam Angular Vibration Frequency 172
5 Conclusion 173
References 173
Fundamental Vibration Periods of Continuous Beams with Two Unequal Spans 174
1 Introduction 174
2 Beam Modeling 175
3 Analysis of a Two-Span Beam in the Case of a Fixed First End 176
3.1 Second End Fixed 176
3.2 Second End Pinned 177
3.3 Second End Guided 178
3.4 Second End Free 179
4 Analysis of a Two-Span Beam in the Case of a Pinned First End 180
4.1 Second End Pinned 180
4.2 Second End Guided 181
5 Two Ends Guided 183
6 Conclusion 184
References 184
Transverse Displacements of Transversely Cracked Beams with a Linear Variation of Width Due to Axial Tensile Forces 185
1 Introduction 185
2 Problem Description and Preliminary Studies 186
3 Mathematical Model Formulation and Derivation of New Rotational Spring Stiffness 187
3.1 Formal Approach 187
3.2 Introduction of “Internal” Bending Moment MN 188
4 Verifying the Obtained Definition Through Testing of Differential Equations Solutions 192
5 Beam Finite Element Solution 194
5.1 Derivation of Stiffness Matrix’ Coefficients 194
5.2 Derivation of the Load Vector 197
6 Numerical Testing 198
6.1 Simply Supported Beam 198
6.2 Cantilever 200
6.3 Propped Cantilever 202
6.4 Discussion of the Results 203
7 Conclusions 204
References 204
Mechanical Properties and Formability Evaluation of AA5182-Polypropylene Sandwich Panels for Big Data Accumulation 206
1 Introduction 206
2 Experimental Methods 207
2.1 Fabrication of Sandwich Panels [1] 207
2.2 Mechanical Properties Evaluation [1] 207
3 Results and Discussion 208
3.1 Evaluation Results of Mechanical Properties 208
3.2 Results of Bend Test 209
3.3 Results of Stretching Simulation 212
4 Conclusions 214
References 214
Effects of Process Parameters on the Machining Process in Die-Sinking EDM of Alloyed Tool Steel 215
1 Introduction 216
2 Experimental Procedure 217
2.1 Experimental Materials 217
2.2 Performance Measurements 221
3 Results and Discussion 222
3.1 Effect of Different Factors on the Material Removal Rate (MRR) 222
3.2 Effect of Different Factors on the Electrode Wear Ratio (EW%) 225
3.3 Effect of Different Factors on the Surface Roughness (SR) 228
3.4 Effect of Electrode Material and Polarity on the Performance Measurements 230
4 Conclusions 231
References 232
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Composite Materials, Their Characteristic Properties, Industrial Application Areas and Their Machinability 234
1 Introduction 234
2 Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Composite Materials 236
3 Production of CFRP Composite Materials 238
4 Utilization Areas of CFRP Composite Materials 240
5 Machinability of CFRP Composite Materials 244
5.1 Milling of CFRP Composites 245
5.2 Drilling of CFRP Composites 245
6 Conclusions 246
References 246
Numerical Investigation on the Influence of Doping on Tensile Properties of Carbon Nanotubes 253
1 General Aspects About CNTs 254
2 Literature Review 255
3 Geometry and Atomic Structure of Perfect Carbon Nanotube 258
4 Geometry and Atomic Structure of Doped Carbon Nanotubes 260
5 Elastic Moduli of the Beam Element 262
6 Elastic Moduli of CNTs 264
7 Results and Discussion 265
7.1 Perfect CNTs 265
7.2 Doped Models 266
8 Conclusion 270
References 271
Application of Mechanical Tests to Determine the Properties of Foam Rubber for Mill Design 275
1 Introduction 275
2 Development 276
3 Tension and Flexion Test 277
4 Results 278
5 Discussion 279
6 Conclusions 280
References 282
Comparison of the Stress-Strain Relationship of Right and Pseudo-developable Helicoids 283
1 Introduction 283
2 Materials and Methods 286
3 Results and Descriptions 286
4 Conclusion 291
References 292
ATR-FTIR Analysis of Melamine Resin, Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin and Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber Blend Modified by High-Energy Electron Beam Radiation 293
1 Introduction 294
1.1 Electron Beam Modification of Polymers 294
1.2 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 295
1.3 Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 296
2 Materials and Methods 298
2.1 Samples Preparation 298
2.2 Radiation Treatment 298
2.3 Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis 299
3 Results and Discussion 299
4 Conclusions 303
References 304
Introduction of Two Analytical Theories as Applied to Developable Surfaces 306
1 Introduction 306
2 Mathematical and Technical Analytical Theories 307
3 Comparison of Two Analytical Theories 313
4 Application to Developable Surfaces 314
5 Results and Discussion 316
6 Conclusion 317
References 317
A Study of the Effect of the Quinacridone Pigment Content and Storage Time on the Process of Crystallization of Pre-oriented Polypropylene/Quinacridone Fibres 318
1 Introduction 319
2 Materials and Methods 320
2.1 Materials Used 320
2.2 Pigmented Fibre Preparation 321
2.3 Methods Used 321
3 Results and Discussion 322
3.1 DSC Analysis Results 322
3.2 Analysis of Experimental Data 326
3.3 Modelling Experimental Data 327
4 Conclusions 331
References 331
Adjusting the Plastic Zone Development in Steel Plate Shear Walls—A Finite Element Study 334
1 Introduction 335
2 Methodology 336
2.1 Finite Element Prototype 336
2.2 Case Studies 337
2.3 Finite Element Analysis 339
3 Results and Discussions 341
4 Conclusion 343
References 344