Emotional Engineering, Vol. 8 (eBook)

Preface 5
Contents 7
1 Instinct Engineering: What We Learn from Invertebrate 9
1.1 How Engineering Has Developed 9
1.2 Challenges of Engineering Today 11
1.3 Engineering Tomorrow 13
1.4 From Control to Coordination: Increasing Importance of Decision-Making 14
1.5 Vertebrate and Invertebrate 15
1.6 Increasing Importance of Communication 17
1.7 Mind–Body–Brain 18
References 19
2 From Work for Others to Work for Yourself 20
2.1 Engineering Yesterday and Today 20
2.2 Engineering Before and After the Industrial Revolution 21
2.3 Challenges of the Real IoT 25
2.4 Self-Sufficient Society 27
2.5 Sustainable Development 27
2.6 Work for Yourself 28
2.7 Changing Industrial Framework 28
2.8 Work for Your Happiness: Its Benefits 30
2.9 Enjoyable Engineering: From Needs to Joy 30
References 33
3 The Relationship Between Attributes of Objects and Phonemes of Naming 34
3.1 Introduction 34
3.2 Related Studies 35
3.2.1 Study on Naming Phonemes 35
3.2.2 Studies on Naming Support 36
3.2.3 Approach of This Study 36
3.3 Analysis Method 37
3.4 Phonological Analysis of Character Naming 37
3.4.1 Outline of Data and Selection of Attributes 37
3.4.2 Analysis Results 39
3.4.3 Discussion 40
3.5 Phoneme Analysis of Automobile Naming 41
3.5.1 Data Summary and Attribute Selection 41
3.5.2 Analysis Results 43
3.5.3 Discussion 44
3.6 Comparison Study Between Objects 44
3.7 Summary and Future Challenges 46
References 46
4 Computational Handicraft 49
4.1 Introduction 49
4.2 Plush Toy Design 51
4.2.1 User Interface 52
4.2.2 Algorithm 54
4.2.3 Workshop 55
4.3 Knitted Animal Design 55
4.3.1 User Interface 57
4.3.2 Algorithm 57
4.3.3 Workshop 59
4.4 Beadwork Design 59
4.4.1 User Interface 60
4.4.2 Algorithm 62
4.5 Workshop 63
4.6 Stencil Design 65
4.6.1 User Interface 65
4.6.2 Algorithm 66
4.6.3 Workshop 67
4.7 Conclusion 68
References 69
5 Sustainable Behaviour: A Framework for the Design of Products for Behaviour Change 71
5.1 Introduction 71
5.2 Literature Review 72
5.2.1 Design for Sustainable Behaviour 72
5.2.2 Gamification for Behaviour Change 73
5.3 Gameful and Playful Products for Behaviour Change: A Framework 74
5.4 Case Studies 75
5.4.1 AIM: An Interactive Ashtray Against Cigarette Littering 77
5.4.2 A Gamification on a Sink for Water Saving During Handwashing 82
5.5 Conclusions 87
References 88
6 Quantifying Trust Perception to Enable Design for Connectivity in Cyber-Physical-Social Systems 90
6.1 Introduction 90
6.2 Background 93
6.2.1 Trustworthiness Metrics 93
6.2.2 Probabilistic Graph Model 94
6.3 Trustworthiness Metrics 96
6.3.1 Ability 96
6.3.2 Benevolence 101
6.3.3 Integrity 107
6.3.4 Attacks on Trust 109
6.4 Trust-Based Network Design 109
6.4.1 Average Reciprocity as the Design Objective 110
6.4.2 Average Benevolence as the Design Objective 112
6.4.3 Ability as the Design Objective 114
6.5 Summary 114
References 116
7 A Study of “Waku-Waku” at Work 119
7.1 Background of the Study 120
7.2 Prior Study 121
7.2.1 Focusing on the Feeling of “Waku-Waku” 122
7.3 Purpose of This Study and Hypothesis 123
7.4 Hypothesis in This Study 124
7.5 Study Methods 125
7.5.1 Structure and Purpose of the Study 125
7.5.2 Subjects of the Qualitative Survey 126
7.5.3 Methods of the Qualitative Survey 126
7.5.4 Subjects of the Quantitative Survey 126
7.5.5 Creation of Survey Slips 127
7.6 Survey Results 128
7.6.1 Quantitative Survey Results 128
7.6.2 Quantitative Survey Results 128
7.6.3 Result of Simple Tabulation and Discussion 128
7.6.4 Finding Overt Waku-Waku Factors at Work and the Analysis of Them 131
7.6.5 Naming Overt Work Waku-Waku Factors 132
7.6.6 Verification of Internal Consistency of Overt Work Waku-Waku Factors 134
7.6.7 Validation of an Overt Sense of Waku-Waku Factors at Work 135
7.6.8 Verification by Correlation with “People Who Feel Waku-Waku at Work” 135
7.7 Summary of the Study 136
7.8 Challenges and Perspectives from Now on 136
References 137
8 The Romantic Brain: Secure Attachment Activates the Brainstem Centers of Well-Being 139
8.1 The Neurochemical Basis of the Mother–Infant and Pair-Bonding 140
8.2 The Neural Basis of Romantic Love 141
8.3 Adult Attachment Style and Relationship Quality 143
8.4 Correlations Between the Brainstem Activity and Attachment Anxiety 144
8.5 Secure Attachment Activates the Brainstem Centers of Well-Being 144
References 148
9 A Neural Model of Aesthetic Preference for Product 152
9.1 Introduction 152
9.2 Aesthetic Sensibility 153
9.3 Information Processing Involved in Aesthetic Sensibility 153
9.3.1 Cognitive Neuroscience 153
9.3.2 Functional Neuroimaging Tools 153
9.3.3 Cognitive Neuroscience Research on Aesthetic Sensibility 154
9.4 Cognitive and Neural Modeling of Aesthetic Sensibility with Regard to Product Shape 155
9.5 Conclusion 158
References 158
10 Emotional Design: Discovering Emotions Across Cars’ Morphologies 159
10.1 Introduction 160
10.2 Research Methodology 162
10.2.1 Selection of Cars and the Definition of Emotions 163
10.2.2 Computing Car–Emotion Matrix 163
10.2.3 Association Car–Emotion 164
10.2.4 Emotional Characteristic Lines 165
10.3 Case Study 167
10.3.1 Selection of Cars and the Definition of Emotions 168
10.3.2 Computing Car–Emotion Matrix 169
10.3.3 Association Car–Emotion 172
10.3.4 Emotional Characteristic Lines 174
10.4 Discussion and Conclusion 174
References 176
11 Modeling of Aesthetic Curves and Surfaces for Industrial Design 178
11.1 Introduction 178
11.2 Mathematics of Aesthetic Curves 179
11.3 K-Vector 182
11.4 Smart CAD System with K-Vector 183
11.5 HYPERREAL Design System 185
11.6 Discussion 187
11.7 Summary 188
References 190
12 A Mathematical Model of Emotions for Novelty 191
12.1 Novelty and Emotions 191
12.2 Modeling Emotion Dimensions 192
12.2.1 Novelty and Information Gain 192
12.2.2 Bayesian Update 193
12.2.3 Arousal Dimension and Surprise 194
12.2.4 Arousal Crossover Effect 195
12.2.5 Valence Dimension 197
12.3 Model Summary 198
12.4 Conclusion 199
References 200
13 The Relation Between Characteristics of Forest Sounds and Psychological Impression 202
13.1 Introduction 202
13.2 Immigration to Urban Areas 203
13.3 Environmental Sounds of Urban Life 203
13.4 Unconscious Stress 204
13.5 Forest Research 204
13.6 The Purpose of Researching Forest Sounds 204
13.7 Characteristic Extraction of Forest Sounds 205
13.7.1 Comparison of Suburban Forests and Urban Environments 205
13.7.2 Comparison of Suburban Forests and Urban Forests 207
13.8 Impression Evaluation of Sounds 208
13.8.1 Factor Analysis of Impression Evaluation Results 209
13.9 Relations Between the Analysis Value of Sound Sources and the Impression Evaluation Results 210
13.9.1 Multiple Regression Analysis of the Impression Evaluation Results 210
13.10 Conclusion 212
13.11 Epilogue 212
References 212
14 Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality-Based Kansei, Emotional, and Cognitive Science and Engineering 214
14.1 Variety of Color Perception 214
14.2 Product Design Considering Human Perception and Sensitivity 215
14.2.1 Perceptual Characteristics 215
14.3 Kansei and Emotion 216
14.4 Noninvasive Brain Function Measurement 216
14.4.1 Brain Activity Measurement 216
14.5 NIRS Measurement Principle 217
14.6 Interface Design Considering Emotion 218
14.6.1 Human–Machine Interface 218
14.7 Affective Computing 220
14.8 Application to HMI 220
14.9 Skills Training Using AI/IoT/VR/HMI Technology 221
14.10 Brain Science Evaluation of Human Support System 222
14.11 Application to Human-Friendly Automobile HMI 223
14.12 Application to Healthcare Equipment 224
14.13 Application to Music Therapy 225
14.14 Conclusion 226
References 226
15 Development of an LED Lighting System Through Evaluation of Legibility and Visual Fatigue 227
15.1 Introduction 228
15.2 Evaluation of Colored LED Lights 230
15.2.1 Bioinstrumentation 230
15.2.2 Physiological Measurements 230
15.2.3 Questionnaire 231
15.2.4 Experiment Conditions and Procedure 231
15.2.5 Results and Discussion 232
15.3 Evaluation of White LED Lights 235
15.3.1 Experimental Conditions and Procedure 235
15.3.2 Results and Discussion 235
15.4 Conclusion 237
References 238