Plasticity, Damage and Fracture in Advanced Materials (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 8
List of Contributors 13
1 Continuum Modelling of the Anisotropic Elastic-Plastic In-Plane Behavior of Paper in Small and Large Strains Regimes 18
1.1 Introduction 18
1.2 Continuum Model for Small Strains 19
1.2.1 Thermodynamic Relations 19
1.2.2 Elasticity 20
1.2.3 Plasticity 22
1.3 Continuum Model for Large Strains 25
1.3.1 Thermodynamic Relations 26
1.3.2 Elasticity 27
1.3.3 Plasticity 28
1.4 Model Validation 29
1.4.1 Parameters Calibration 29
1.4.1.1 Small Strains Model 29
1.4.1.2 Large Strains Model 30
1.4.2 Punch test 31
1.5 Conclusions 34
References 35
2 Experiments on Damage and Fracture Mechanisms in Ductile Metals under Non-proportional Loading Paths 36
2.1 Introduction 36
2.2 Continuum Damage Model 38
2.3 Biaxial Experiments with the X0-specimen 41
2.4 Conclusions 47
References 48
3 Strength Differential Effect in Martensitic Stainless Steel Under Quenching and Partitioning Heat Treatment Condition 51
3.1 Introduction 52
3.2 Experimental 53
3.3 Results and Discussion 54
3.4 Conclusion 57
References 57
4 Deformation Twinning in bcc Iron - Experimental Investigation of Twin Formation Assisted by Molecular Dynamics Simulation 59
4.1 Introduction 59
4.2 Experimental Procedures 60
4.3 Molecular Dynamics Simulation 63
4.4 Conclusion 65
References 65
5 Thermomechanical Cyclic Properties of P91 Steel 68
5.1 Introduction 68
5.2 Experimental Tests 69
5.3 Cyclic Properties 70
5.4 Entropy Production Based Modelling of Damage 73
5.4.1 Basic Assumptions 73
5.4.2 State Equations 73
5.4.3 Cumulative Damage 74
5.4.4 Evolution Equations 74
5.5 Results 75
5.5.1 Numerical Implementation 75
5.5.2 Identification Procedure 76
5.5.3 Validation 77
5.6 Conclusions 78
References 80
6 Damage Identification Supported by Nondestructive Testing Techniques 81
6.1 Introduction 82
6.2 Material Degradation Assessments Supported by Digital Image Correlation 84
6.2.1 Digital Image Correlation – Short Characterization of the Aramis 4M System 84
6.2.2 Investigations of Material Behaviour Under Monotonic Tension Using Digital Image Correlation System 86
6.2.2.1 Specimens with Notches 86
6.2.2.2 Material Behaviour Affected by Notches and Holes – Previous Achievements 87
6.2.2.3 Material Behaviour Affected by Notches and Holes – Current own Achievements 90
6.2.2.4 Damage Development Analysis Under Fatigue Conditions 98
6.2.2.5 Final Remarks Related to the Digital Image Correlation Technique Application 100
6.3 Material Degradation Assessment Supported by Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometery 100
6.3.1 Working Principles of Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometery 100
6.3.2 Representative Applications of Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry in the Laboratory Investigations 106
6.3.2.1 The Results for the Nickel Alloy 106
6.3.2.2 The Results for the P91 Steel 108
6.3.2.3 Mathematical Modelling of Fatigue Damage Evolution, Numerical Implementation Supported by Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry Results (Ustrzycka et al, 2017) 112
6.4 Alternative Non-destructive Testing Techniques for Damage Identification 115
6.4.1 Introductory Remarks 115
6.4.2 Examples of the Results from Research Programs Executed for Damage Analysis 116
6.4.2.1 Magnetic Techniques Combined with Destructive Methods 116
6.4.2.2 Ultrasonic Techniques Combined with Destructive Tests 121
6.4.3 Application of Magnetic Techniques in Real Structural Elements for Rapid Inspection 122
6.5 Closing Remarks and Conclusions 125
References 126
7 Heat Transfer Analysis in the Strapdown Inertial Unit of the Navigation System 132
7.1 Introduction 132
7.2 Geometrical and Physical Process Modeling 134
7.3 Mathematical Framework and Solution Method 136
7.4 Results 137
7.5 Conclusions 143
References 145
8 Influence of Citric Acid Concentration and Etching Time on Enamel Surface Roughness of Prepared Human Tooth: in vitro Study 147
8.1 Introduction 147
8.2 Materials and Methods 148
8.2.1 Sample Preparation 148
8.2.2 Optical Microscopy 150
8.2.3 Atomic Force Microscpoy 150
8.3 Results 151
8.3.1 Optical Observations 151
8.3.2 Atomic Force Microscpoy Surface Monitoring 151
8.3.3 Surface Roughness Measurement 151
8.4 Discussion 153
8.5 Conclusion 160
References 160
9 Experimental and Numerical Methods to Analyse Deformation and Damage in Random Fibrous Networks 163
9.1 Introduction 163
9.1.1 Background 164
9.1.2 Fundamental Concepts 165
9.2 Experimentation 168
9.2.1 Material 168
9.2.2 Experimental Procedure 168
9.2.3 Single-fibre Tests 169
9.2.4 Fabric Tests 171
9.3 Numerical Investigations 172
9.3.1 Discontinuous Finite-element Modelling of Random Fibrous Network 173
9.4 Results and Discussion 176
9.4.1 Experimental Observations 176
9.4.2 Finite-element Simulations 178
9.5 Summary and Conclusions 183
References 183
10 Modelling of Ductile Fracture of Strain-hardening Cement-based Composites - Novel Approaches Based on Microplane and Phase-field Method 187
10.1 Introduction 187
10.2 Modeling Approaches for Ductile Fracture of Strain-hardening Cement-based Composites 188
10.2.1 Gradient Enhanced Microplane Model with Damage and Plasticity 189
10.2.2 Phase-Field Model for Ductile Fracture 194
10.3 Dumbbell Tension Test 198
10.3.1 Damage-like Failure - Microplane Results 199
10.3.2 Fracture-like Failure - Phase-Field Results 202
10.4 Post-Fracture Crack Approximation with Phase-Field 206
References 211
11 Effective Properties of Composite Material Based on Total Strain Energy Equivalence 212
11.1 Introduction 212
11.2 Basic Relations 214
11.2.1 State Variables 214
11.2.2 Effective State Variables 214
11.3 Effective Composite Properties 216
11.3.1 Elastic Range 216
11.3.2 Plastic Range 218
11.4 Validation 218
11.4.1 Elastic Properties 218
11.4.2 Plastic Properties - Parametric Studies 221
11.5 Conclusions 222
References 223