Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurements

Northrop; Robert B. University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA,

Measurement Systems
Measurement System Architecture
Errors in Measurements
Standards Used in Measurements
Analog System Conditioning
Differential Amplifiers
Operational Amplifiers
Analog Active Filter Applications Using Conventional Op Amps
Instrumentation Amplifiers
Nonlinear Analog Signal Processing by Op Amps and by Special Function Modules
Charge Amplifiers
Phase-Sensitive Rectifiers
Noise and Coherent Interference in Measurements
Descriptions of Random Noise in Circuits
Propagation of Gaussian Noise Through Linear Filters
Broadband Noise Factor and Noise Figure of Amplifiers
Spot Noise Factor and Figure
Transformer Optimization of Amplifier Fspot and Output SNR
Cascaded Noisy Amplifiers
Examples of Calculations of the Noise-Limited Resolution of Certain Signal-Conditioning Systems
Modern, Low-Noise Amplifiers for Use in Instrumentation Signal Conditioning Systems
Coherent Interference and Its Minimization
DC Null Methods of Measurement
Wheatstone Bridge Analysis
The Kelvin Bridge
Potentiometers
AC Null Measurements
Inductor Equivalent Circuits
Capacitor Equivalent Circuits
AC Operation of Wheatstone Bridges
AC Bridges
Survey of Input Sensor Mechanisms
Categories of Input Sensor Mechanisms
Resistive Sensors
Voltage-Generating Sensors
Sensors Based on Variable Magnetic Coupling
Variable Capacitance Sensors
Fiber Optic Sensors
Electro-Chemical Sensors
Ionizing Radiation Sensors
Mechano-Optical Sensors
Applications of Sensors to Physical Measurements
Measurement of Angular Acceleration, Velocity, and Displacement
Measurement of Linear Acceleration, Velocity, and Displacement
Measurement of Force and Torque
Pressure Measurements
Temperature Measurements
Basic Electrical Measurements
DC Voltage Measurements
Measurement of Static Electric Fields and the Potential of Charged Surfaces
DC Current Measurements
AC Voltage Measurements
AC Current Measurements
Magnetic Field Measurements
Phase Measurements
Measurements of Frequency and Period (Time)
Measurement of Resistance, Capacitance, and Inductance
Vector Impedance Meters
Digital Interfaces in Measurement Systems
The Sampling Theorem
Quantization Noise
Digital-to-Analog Converters
Analog-to-Digital Converters
The IEEE-488 Instrumentation Bus (GPIB)
Serial Data Communications Links
The CAMAC (IEEE-583) Modular Instrumentation Standard, and the VXI Modular Instrumentation Architecture
How Transmission Lines Affect the Transfer of Digital Data
Data Transmission on Fiber Optic Cables
Introduction to Digital Signal Conditioning
Digital Filters and the z-Transform
Some Simple DSP Algorithms
Discrete and Fast Fourier Transforms and Their Applications
Digital Routines for Interpolating Discrete Data
Examples of the Design of Measurement Systems
Design of a System to Detect, Measure, and Locate Partial Discharges in High-Voltage, Coaxial Power Cables
Design of a Conductivity-Based Fish Counter
Design of a No-Touch, Ocular Pulse Measurement System
Design of a Closed-Loop, Constant Phase, Pulsed Laser Ranging System and Velocimeter
Each chapter contains an Introduction and a Summary section.