Space Physics and Aeronomy, Magnetospheres in the Solar System

Romain Maggiolo, Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Belgium Nicolas André, Research Institute in Astrophysics and Planetology, France Hiroshi Hasegawa, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Japan Daniel T. Welling, University of Texas at Arlington, USA

List of Contributors ix

Preface xvi

Part I: The Earth Magnetosphere 1

1 A Brief History of the Magnetosphere 3
David J. Southwood

2 Large-Scale Structure and Dynamics of the Magnetosphere 15
David G. Sibeck and Kyle R. Murphy

3 The Equations of the Magnetosphere 37
Herbert Gunell

Part II: Fundamental Processes 47

4 Magnetic Reconnection in the Near-Earth Magnetotail 49
Tsugunobu Nagai

5 Turbulence and Complexity of Magnetospheric Plasmas 67
Marius Echim, Tom Chang, Peter Kovacs, Anna Wawrzaszek, Emiliya Yordanova, Yasuhito Narita, Zoltan Vörös, Roberto Bruno, Wieslaw Macek, Kalevi Mursula, and Giuseppe Consolini

6 Wave--Particle Interactions in the Earths Magnetosphere 93
Richard M. Thorne, Jacob Bortnik, Wen Li, and Qianli Ma

7 Cross-Scale Energy Transport in Space Plasmas: Applications to the Magnetopause Boundary 109
Katariina Nykyri, Xuanye Ma, and Jay Johnson

Part III: Solar Wind--Magnetosphere Coupling 123

8 Solar Wind Interaction with Earths Bow Shock 125
Georges. K. Parks, Ensang Lee, Zhongwei W. Yang, Naiguo Lin, Suiyan Y. Fu, and Ying Liu

9 The Magnetosheath 137
Yasuhito Narita, Ferdinand Plaschke, and Zoltán Vörös

10 Dayside Magnetopause Processes 153
Stephen A. Fuselier

11 The Polar Cusps of the Earths Magnetosphere 163
Benoit Lavraud and Karlheinz J. Trattner

12 The Earths Low-Latitude Boundary Layer 177
Takuma K. M. Nakamura

Part IV: Magnetosphere--Ionosphere Coupling 193

13 Field-Aligned Currents in the Magnetosphere--Ionosphere 195
Hermann Lühr and Guram Kervalishvili

14 Ionospheric Ion Acceleration and Transport 207
Andrew W. Yau, Takumi Abe, Mats André, Andrew D. Howarth, and William K. Peterson

15 Cold Ionospheric Ions in the Magnetosphere 219
Mats André, Sergio Toledo-Redondo, and Andrew W. Yau

16 Magnetosphere--Ionosphere Coupling of Precipitating Electrons and Ionospheric Conductance 229
George V. Khazanov, David G. Sibeck, and Mike Chu

Part V: The Dynamic Magnetosphere 243

17 Magnetotail Processes 245
Joachim Birn, Andrei Runov, and Yuri Khotyaintsev

18 The Active Magnetosphere: Substorms and Storms 277
Yukitoshi Nishimura and Larry R. Lyons

19 The Northward IMF Magnetosphere 293
Robert C. Fear

20 A Brief Review of the Ring Current and Outstanding Problems 311
Raluca Ilie, Muhammad Fraz Bashir, and Elena A. Kronberg

21 Source, Loss, and Transport of Energetic Particles Deep Inside Earths Magnetosphere (L <4) 323
Xinlin Li, Richard S. Selesnick, Hong Zhao, Daniel N. Baker, J. Bernard Blake, and Michael A. Temerin

22 The Plasmasphere: Its Interactions and Dynamics 335
Fabien Darrouzet, Dennis L. Gallagher, and Johan De Keyser

23 Impact of Ionospheric Ions on Magnetospheric Dynamics 353
Elina A. Kronberg, Elena E. Grigorenko, Raluca Ilie, Lynn Kistler, and Dan Welling

Part VI: Planetary Magnetic Fields 365

24 Planetary Magnetic Fields 367
Karl-Heinz Glassmeier and Daniel Heyner

Part VII: Induced Magnetospheres 391

25 Induced Magnetospheres: Mars 393
Jasper S. Halekas, Janet G. Luhmann, Eduard Dubinin, and Yingjuan Ma

26 Induced Magnetospheres: Titan 407
César Bertucci

27 Birth of a Magnetosphere 427
Hans Nilsson, Etienne Behar, James L. Burch, Christopher M. Carr, Anders I. Eriksson, Karl-Heinz Glassmeier, Pierre Henri, Marina Galand, Charlotte Goetz, Herbert Gunell, and Tomas Karlsson

28 Induced Magnetospheres: Atmospheric Escape 441
David A. Brain

Part VIII: Giant Planet Magnetospheres 453

29 The Magnetodisk Regions of Jupiter and Saturn 455
Nicholas Achilleos, Patick Guio, Flavien Hardy, Chris Paranicas, and Arianna M. Sorba

30 Fast Rotating Magnetospheres: Jupiter and Saturn Plasma Sources, Loss and Transport 471
Abigail M. Rymer

31 Gas Giant Magnetosphere--Ionosphere--Thermosphere Coupling 485
Licia C. Ray and Japheth N. Yates

32 The Radiation Belts of Jupiter and Saturn 499
Elias Roussos and Peter Kollmann

33 Asymmetrical Magnetospheres: Uranus and Neptune 515
Christopher S. Arridge and Carol Paty

Part IX: Mini-magnetospheres and Moon--Magnetosphere Interactions 535

34 A Dungey Cycle in the Life of Mercurys Magnetosphere 537
James A. Slavin, Suzanne M. Imber, and Jim M. Raines

35 The Magnetosphere of Ganymede 557
Xianzhe Jia and Margaret G. Kivelson

36 Overview of Moon--Magnetosphere Interactions 575
Joachim Saur

Part X: Investigating Magnetospheric Processes 595

37 Global Simulations 597
Joachim Raeder, Kai Germaschewski, William D. Cramer, and John Lyon

38 Kinetic Modeling in the Magnetosphere 607
Stefano Markidis, Vyacheslav Olshevsky, Gábor Tóth, Yuxi Chen, Ivy Bo Peng, Giovanni Lapenta, and Tamas Gombosi

39 Data-Based Modeling of the Earth's Magnetic Field 617
Nikolai Tsyganenko, Varvara Andreeva, Marina Kubyshkina, Mikhail Sitnov, and Grant Stephens

40 Multispacecraft Measurements In The Magnetosphere 637
Malcolm W. Dunlop, TieYan Wang, XiangCheng Dong, Stein Haarland, QuanQi Shi, HuiShan Fu, Johan De Keyser, Chao Shen, ZhaoJin Rong, Christophe Phillippe Escoubet, ZuYin Pu, and Jonathan Eastwood

41 Exploring Small Scales with MMS 657
James L. Burch and Kyoung-Joo Hwang

42 Global Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) Imaging of Magnetospheres 673
Pontus C. Brandt

43 Laboratory Experiments: Putting Space into the Lab 699
Mark Koepke

Part XI: Future Directions 715

44 Challenges in Modeling the Outer Magnetosphere 717
Gábor Tóth, Yuxi Chen, Zhenguang Huang, and Bart van der Holst

45 Does a Magnetosphere Protect the Ionosphere? 729
Romain Maggiolo and Herbert Gunell

46 Some Unsolved Problems of Magnetospheric Physics 743
Michael H. Denton

47 Instigators of Future Change in Magnetospheric Research 753
Michael W. Liemohn, Amy M. Keesee, L. Kepko, and Mark B. Moldwin

Index 765