Women in Nanotechnology (eBook)

Preface 6
Note from the Editors 10
Contents 11
About the Authors 12
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nanotechnology 40
Introduction 40
Why Size Matters 41
Materials by Design 43
Inspired by Nature 45
Small Science Solving Big Problems 46
Working to Ensure the Safe Development and Adoption of Nanotechnology 48
Preparing Students, Workers, and the General Public 49
Summary 51
References 51
Chapter 2: Nanotechnology as a Tool for Science and Scientific Literacy 54
Introduction 54
Relevance for Nanotechnology Practitioners 56
Science Versus Scientific Literacy 57
Target Audience 58
Technical (STEM) Audience 59
General Public 60
The Role of Technical Experts 62
Takeaways for Educators, Scientists, and Engineers 64
References 65
Chapter 3: Nanotechnology and Education 67
Call to the Future 67
Student Readiness: Introducing the World of the Very Small 69
Nanotechnology in the Classroom 71
Resources for Educators 75
In Conclusion 76
Appendix 77
References 78
Chapter 4: Nanotoxicology: Developing a Responsible Technology 80
Prologue 80
Introduction to Nanotechnology 80
The State of Nanotoxicological Sciences 81
A Concise Literature Review 81
Nanomaterial Exposure 81
Metrology 82
The Most Is Known About Aerosolized Nanomaterials 83
Recent Advances in Physicochemical Characterization 83
Environmental Transformations 84
More on Physiological Transformations 84
Relevance of Nanotoxicology to Nanomedicine 84
Nanomaterial Health Effects 85
Descriptive Toxicology Observations Come Before Mechanistic Analyses 85
The Search for Unique Mechanisms of Action 86
In Vitro Versus In Vivo Data in the Pulmonary Toxicology Literature 87
Risk Science 88
Other Advanced Materials and Emerging Contaminants 88
Epilogue 89
References 89
Chapter 5: Plant Virus-Based Nanotechnologies 93
Viruses as Tools for Imaging and Drug Delivery 93
Viruses as Vaccines and Immunotherapies 98
Outlook 101
References 102
Chapter 6: Power Generation Using Solid-State Heat Engines 106
Introduction 106
Types of Thermal to Electrical Power Generators with No Moving Parts 109
A Very Brief History of Thermoelectric Power Generators 111
Physics of Thermoelectricity 112
Future of Solid-State Heat Engines 115
References 117
Chapter 7: Manipulating Water and Heat with Nanoengineered Surfaces 119
Introduction 119
Electronics Cooling 120
Condensation for Energy Applications 123
Capacitive Deionization for Water Desalination 126
Summary and Future Directions 129
References 130
Chapter 8: Engineering Interfaces at the Nanoscale 134
Introduction 134
Heat Transfer in Solids 135
Thermal Boundary Conductance vs. Thermal Contact Conductance 138
Controlling Thermal Contact Conductance: Carbon Nanotube Case Study 139
Phonon-Dominated Thermal Boundary Conductance 141
Phonon Density of States and Thermal Boundary Conductance 142
The Intermediate Layer: The Phonon Bridge 144
Interfacial Quality: Roughness, Diffusion, and Bond Strength 145
Bond Strength/Adhesion and Thermal Boundary Conductance 146
Interdiffusion 147
Temperature 148
Conclusions 149
References 150
Chapter 9: National Nanotechnology Initiative: A Model for Advancing Revolutionary Technologies 154
Interagency Coordination 156
Addressing Risks 158
Supporting Commercialization 159
International Collaboration 162
Oversight and Review 163
Concluding Thoughts 164
References 165
Index 167