Health and Environmental Safety of Nanomaterials

Prof. James Njuguna is the Academic Strategic Lead (Research) in Composite Materials at Robert Gordon University. He holds both PhD and MSc in Aeronautical Engineering from City, University of University. Dr. Njuguna is a Fellow of The Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining. He is a former Marie Curie Fellow and Research Councils United Kingdom (RCUK) Fellow. He has held various academic positions at Cracow University of Technology (Poland) and Cranfield University (UK). His research interests are focused on polymer (nano)composites – their fabrication, characterisation of thermal and mechanical properties, and safe disposal. Professor Krzysztof Pielichowski, head of Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, is an expert in polymer (nano)technology and chemistry, particularly in the areas of polymer nanocomposites with engineering polymers and hybrid organic-inorganic materials containing POSS. Prof. Pielichowski is currently performing a research programme in the area of preparation of engineering polymer nanocomposites with improved thermal and mechanical properties for construction applications. Dr Huijun Zhu is a Senior Toxicologist at Cranfield University, UK.

Part I General Introduction 1
1. Nanomaterials, nanofillers, and nanocomposites: types and properties
James Njuguna, Farahnaz Ansari, Sophia Sachse, Veronica Marchante Rodriguez, Shohel Siqqique and Huijun Zhu
2. Mechanisms of toxicity of engineered nanoparticles: adverse outcome pathway for dietary silver nanoparticles in mussels
M.P. Cajaraville, N. Duroudier and E. Bilbao
3. Safety, regulation, and policy
Halshka Graczyk, Luca Fontana, Maged Younes and Ivo Iavicoli

Part II Assessment of nanomaterials release and exposure
4. Measurement, testing, and characterization of airborne nanoparticles released from machining of nanoreinforced composites
Kristof Starost, Sophia Sachse and James Njuguna
5. A study on the nanoparticle emissions into environment during mechanical drilling of polyester, polypropylene, and epoxy nanocomposite materials
Kristof Starost, Evelien Frijns, Jo Van Laer, Nadimul Faisal, Ainhoa Egizabal, Cristina Elizetxea, M. Bla´zquez Sa´nchez, Inge Nelissen and James Njuguna
6. Scenario simulation at laboratory scale for the assessment of the release of engineered nanomaterials
M. Bla´zquez Sa´nchez and V. Marchante
7. A life cycle perspective of the exposure to airborne nanoparticles released from nanotechnology enabled products and applications
M. Bla´zquez Sa´nchez, C. Fito-Lo´pez and M.P. Cajaraville

Part III Safety of particular type of nanomaterials
8. Nanomaterials at industrial workplace—an overview on safety
Vinita Vishwakarma
9. Clay minerals and solutions for green environment and human health
Huijun Zhu, James Njuguna and Muhammad Adeel Irfan
10. Ecotoxicology effects of carbon nanotubes
Bey Fen Leo, Isnazunita Ismail, Malarmugila Manimaran and Rasel Das
11. Analysis and correlations of metal-organic frameworks: applications and toxicity
Olivia L. Rose and Cerasela Zoica Dinu
12. The safety assessment of food chemicals in the nanoscale
Reinhilde Schoonjans, Francesco Cubadda and Maged Younes

Part IV Environmental risks of nanomaterials
13. Effects of nanomaterials on the benthic ecosystem: a case study with the snail Lymnaea stagnalis
Valentina Ricottone and Teresa F. Fernandes
14. Thermal degradation, flammability, and potential toxicity of polymer nanocomposites
J.-M. Lopez-Cuesta, C. Longuet and C. Chivas-Joly
15. Nanoparticles as flame retardants in polymer materials: mode of action, synergy effects, and health/environmental risks
Slawomir Michalowski and Krzysztof Pielichowski
16. QSAR and machine learning modeling of toxicity of nanomaterials: a risk assessment approach
Supratik Kar and Jerzy Leszczynski
17. Life cycle assessment of engineered nanomaterials
Roland Hischier
18. Recycling of materials containing inorganic and carbonaceous nanomaterials
L. Reijnders
References
Index