Bioengineering of the Skin

Peter Elsner, Enzo Berardesca, Klaus P. Wilhelm, Howard I. Maibach

INTRODUCTION: Mechanical Properties of Human Skin: Biomechemical Aspects. Mechanical Properties of Human Skin: Animal Models. Mechanical Properties of Human Skin: Elasticity Parameters and Their Relevance. Mechanical Properties of the Skin During Friction Assessment. ELASTICITY AND VISCOELASTICITY: General Aspects: Hardware and Basic Principles of the Dermal Torque Meter. In Vivo Tensile Tests on Human Skin: The Extensometers. Hardware and Measuring Principles: The Cutometer. Hardware and Measurement Principles: The Gas-bearing Electrodynamometer and Linear Skin Rheometer. Hardware and Measuring Principles: The Dermaflex A. Hardware and Measuring Principles: The DermaLab. Hardware and Measuring Principles: The Dermagraph in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and in Healthy Volunteers. Hardware and Measuring Principles: The Durometer. Hardware and Measuring Principles: The Ballistometer. Hardware and Measuring Principles: The Microindentometer. Standardization of Skin Biomechanical Measurements. Mapping Mechanical Properties of Human Skin. Skin Mechanics and Hydration. Skin Tensile Strength in Scleroderma. Mechanical Properties in Other Dermatological Diseases. Product Testing: Skin Biomechanics: Antiaging Products. Product Testing: Moisturizers. Antikeloidal Products. Index.