CMBEBIH 2019 (eBook)

Organization 6
Program Chairs 6
Program Committee 6
Preface 8
Contents 10
Biomedical Signal Processing 20
1 Adaptive Filter Removes Variability Caused by Respiration from Impedance Cardiography Signal 21
Abstract 21
1 Introduction 21
2 Method 22
2.1 The Adaptive Filter 22
2.2 Measurement 22
3 Results 22
4 Conclusion 24
References 24
2 Electrical Stimulation of Eye Blink in Individuals with Dry Eye Symptoms Caused by Chronic Unilateral Facial Palsy 25
Abstract 25
1 Introduction 25
2 Methods 26
2.1 Participants 26
2.2 Assessment of the Palsy and Ocular Symptoms 26
2.3 Equipment and Stimulation Parameters 26
2.4 Procedure 26
2.5 Data Analysis 27
3 Results 27
4 Discussion 28
Acknowledgements 29
References 29
3 Prescribe and Monitor Physical Activity Through a Community-Based eHealth Program: MOVIDA Platform 30
Abstract 30
1 Introduction 30
2 MOVIDA Platform Concept 31
2.1 MOVIDA.cronos 31
2.2 MOVIDA.eros 32
2.3 MOVIDA.polis 33
2.4 MOVIDA.domus 34
3 Implementation and Critical Challenges 34
4 Conclusions and Future Work 35
Acknowledgements 36
References 36
4 Miniaturized Stimulator for Imaging of Live Cell Responses to High Frequency Mechanical Vibration 37
Abstract 37
1 Introduction 37
2 Materials and Methods 38
2.1 Stimulator Design and Working Principle 38
2.2 Performance Range 38
2.3 Accuracy and Precision of the LMHF Vibration 39
3 Results 39
3.1 At Low Frequencies Stimulator Produces Even HMHF Vibration 39
3.2 Acceleration and Imaging Data Both Demonstrate Accurately Produced LMHF Vibration 41
3.3 High Precision Enables Observing of Cellular Responses to the LMHF Vibration 41
4 Discussion 41
5 Conclusion 42
Acknowledgements 42
References 42
5 EMG Signal Classification Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Rotation Forest 44
Abstract 44
1 Introduction 44
2 Materials and Methods 45
2.1 Subjects and Data Acquisition 45
2.2 Feature Extraction Using DWT and Dimension Reduction 45
2.3 Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) 45
2.4 K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN) 46
2.5 Support Vector Machine (SVM) 46
2.6 Naïve Bayes 46
2.7 REPTree 46
2.8 LADTree 46
2.9 C4.5 Decision Tree 46
2.10 Random Tree Classifiers 46
2.11 Random Forests (RF) 47
2.12 Rotation Forest (RoF) 47
3 Results and Discussion 47
3.1 Experimental Results 47
3.2 Discussion 48
4 Conclusion 49
Acknowledgements 49
References 49
6 Impact of High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Process of Angiogenesis 51
Abstract 51
1 Introduction 51
2 Materials and Methods 52
3 Results and Discussion 52
4 Conclusions 55
References 55
7 Implementation of Neural Network-Based Classification Approach on Embedded Platform 57
Abstract 57
1 Introduction 57
2 State-of-Art 58
2.1 Classification Approaches 58
2.2 Real-Time FPGA-Based Implementation of EEG Signal Classification Approaches 58
3 Neural Networks FPGA-Based Implementation 59
4 Datasets and Feature Extraction 60
5 Discussion of Results 61
6 Conclusion and Outlook 62
Conflict of Interest Declaration 62
References 62
8 Stereo Laser Speckle Dissimilarity Analysis Using Self-organizing Maps 64
Abstract 64
1 Introduction 64
2 Materials and Methods 65
2.1 Acquisition Protocol and Equipment 65
2.2 Stereo Speckle Registration 65
2.2.1 HESR Segmentation 65
2.2.2 Epipolar Mapping Between Left and Right HESR Segmentations 66
2.2.3 Comparative Study of Stereo Dynamic Laser Speckle Videos During a Post-occlusive Hyperemia Situation 67
2.3 Dissimilarity Analysis Methodology 67
3 Results and Discussion 68
4 Conclusions and Future Work 72
Acknowledgements 72
References 72
9 Wavelet Phase Coherence Analysis Between the Respiratory Activity and the Microcirculation: The Effects of Type 1 Diabetes 74
Abstract 74
1 Introduction 74
2 Materials and Methods 75
3 Results 76
4 Conclusion 77
Conflicts of Interest 77
References 77
10 Prostate Cancer Detection Using Different Classification Techniques 79
Abstract 79
1 Introduction 79
2 Methods 80
2.1 Dataset 80
2.2 Classification Algorithms 80
3 Results and Discussion 82
4 Conclusion 84
Acknowledgements 84
References 84
11 Application of a Computer-Aided Diagnostic System for Early Identification of Periapical Lesions—A Pilot Study 86
Abstract 86
1 Introduction 86
2 Methods 87
2.1 Dataset 87
2.2 Classification Algorithm 87
2.3 Feature Selection Using Wrapper 87
3 Results 88
4 Discussion and Conclusion 89
References 90
12 Vectorcardiogram eLearning Application 91
Abstract 91
1 Introduction 91
2 eLearning and Multimedia in Biomedical Education 91
3 Heart Axis and Vectorcardiogram 92
4 Vectorcardiogram Application 92
5 Conclusion 94
References 95
13 Evaluating MSE Applicability to Short HR Time-Series 96
Abstract 96
1 Introduction 96
2 Methods and Materials 96
2.1 Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Heart Rate Time Series 96
3 MSE for Short Time Series 97
4 Conclusion 99
References 99
14 Automatic Detection of Alzheimer Disease Based on Histogram and Random Forest 100
Abstract 100
1 Introduction 100
2 Materials and Methods 101
2.1 ADNI Database 101
2.2 Histogram 101
2.3 Machine Learning Techniques 101
3 Experimental Results 102
3.1 Data Preparation Procedure 102
3.2 Performance Evaluation Criteria 102
3.3 Results and Discussion 103
4 Conclusion 104
Acknowledgements 104
References 104
Medical Physics, Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Protection 106
15 A Dosimetric Analysis of the Overlapping and Gap Areas Produced by Simulated Set-Up Errors on a Treatment Planning System in a Case of the Cranio-Spinal Irradiation of an Adult Patient 107
Abstract 107
1 Introduction 107
2 Materials and Methods 108
2.1 Preparation of 3DCRT Treatment Plan 108
2.2 A Simulation of the Overlapping and Gap Areas 108
2.3 Data Collection and Analysis 108
3 Results and Discussion 108
4 Conclusions 111
References 112
16 Novel Physical Heterogeneous Breast Phantom for X-Ray Phase Contrast Imaging 113
Abstract 113
1 Introduction 113
2 Materials and Methods 114
2.1 Phantom 114
2.2 Experimental Set-Up 114
2.3 Image Acquisition 115
2.4 Reconstruction and Evaluation Metrics 115
3 Results and Discussion 116
4 Conclusion 117
Acknowledgements 117
References 117
17 Computer Tomography Tube Voltage and Phantom Dimensions Influence on the Number of Hounsfield Units 119
Abstract 119
1 Introduction 119
2 Materials and Methods 120
3 Results 122
3.1 Catphan 504 Scan 122
3.2 CIRS 062 MA Abdomen Configuration Scan 122
3.3 CIRS 062 MA Head Configuration Scan 122
4 Discussion 124
5 Conclusions 125
Conflict of Interest 125
References 126
18 Dose Optimization of CT Thorax Exam in University Clinical Hospital Mostar 127
Abstract 127
1 Introduction 127
2 Methods 128
3 Results 129
4 Discussion 131
4.1 Limitations of This Study 131
Conflicts of Interest 131
References 131
19 Radiation Exposure of Patients in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit 133
Abstract 133
1 Introduction 133
2 Materials and Methods 134
2.1 Medical Exposure 134
2.2 Public Exposure 134
3 Results and Discussion 134
4 Conclusion 136
References 136
20 Use of Uptake Values to Estimate the Effective Dose to Patients in Positron Emission Tomography 138
Abstract 138
1 Introduction 138
2 Materials and Methods 139
3 Results and Discussion 140
4 Conclusion 141
References 141
21 Evaluation of Computed Tomography X-Ray Beam Dose Profiles 143
Abstract 143
1 Introduction 143
2 Materials and Methods 143
2.1 Dosimetry Systems 143
2.2 Methodology 144
3 Results 145
4 Discussion 146
5 Conclusion 146
Acknowledgements 146
References 146
22 Comparison of Specific Fractal and Multifractal Parameters for Certain Regions of Interest from Digital Mammograms 148
Abstract 148
1 Introduction 148
2 Materials and Methods 149
2.1 Morphological Operations on a DICOM Image 149
2.2 Calculation of Hurst Coefficient for a ROI 149
2.3 Calculation of {/hbox{H}}{/ddot{{/hbox{o}}}}{/hbox{lder}} and f(?) Parametars 150
3 Numerical Results 150
3.1 Data Analysis 151
4 Conclusions 152
References 153
23 Diagnosis of Severe Aortic Stenosis Using Implemented Expert System 154
Abstract 154
1 Introduction 154
2 Materials and Methods 155
3 Results 157
4 Conclusion 157
References 158
24 Portable X-Ray Devices: Loosing Border Between Controlled and Supervised Areas 159
Abstract 159
1 Introduction 159
2 Materials and Methods 160
2.1 Medical Exposure 160
3 Results and Discussion 160
4 Conclusion 161
References 161
25 Effectiveness of Asymmetry Analysis Technique Based on Statistical Features in Breast Cancer Detection with Modern Thermographic Imaging Systems 162
Abstract 162
1 Introduction 162
2 Material and Method 163
2.1 Equipment 163
2.2 Patient Preparation Protocols 163
2.3 Imaging 163
2.4 Method 164
3 Discussion 166
4 Conclusion 166
Acknowledgements 166
References 166
Biosensors and Bioinstrumentation 167
26 Microneedle-Based Sensor Systems for Real-Time Continuous Transdermal Monitoring of Analytes in Body Fluids 168
Abstract 168
1 Introduction 168
2 Transdermal Biosensing with Microneedles 169
2.1 Microneedle-Based Systems for Continuous Monitoring of Analyte Concentrations 170
3 Conclusion 172
Conflict of Interest 172
References 172
27 Review of Electrochemical Biosensors for Hormone Detection 174
Abstract 174
1 Introduction 174
2 Methods 175
3 Results 175
4 Conclusion 177
References 178
28 Development of a Tray-Separated Microbiological Incubator by Means of Electronic Components and Testing Its Performance 179
Abstract 179
1 Introduction 179
2 Methods 180
3 Results 183
4 Conclusion 184
References 184
29 Honeybee Activity Monitoring in a Biohybrid System for Explosives Detection 185
Abstract 185
1 Introduction 185
2 Honeybees for Explosive Detection 186
2.1 Passive Method 186
2.2 Active Method 187
3 Electronic System for Bees’ Activity Monitoring 188
4 Experimental Results 189
5 Conclusion 189
Acknowledgements 192
References 192
30 HaBEEtat: A Novel Monitoring Platform for More Efficient Honey Production 193
Abstract 193
1 Introduction 193
2 Literature Review 194
3 Methodology and Results 195
4 Discussion 199
5 Conclusion 200
References 200
31 Design and Implementation of a Monitoring System for Elastomeric Infusion Pumps 201
Abstract 201
1 Introduction 201
2 Materials and Methods 201
3 Results 202
4 Conclusion 204
Conflicts of Interest 204
References 204
32 Wearable System for Early Diagnosis and Follow Up of Spine Curvature Disorders 205
Abstract 205
1 Introduction 205
2 Materials and Methods 205
2.1 Hardware Architecture 205
2.2 Firmware Design 207
2.3 Application Program Design 207
3 Results and Discussion 208
4 Conclusion 209
References 209
Bio-micro/nano Technologies 210
33 Biogenic Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Marine Alga Schizochytrium sp. 211
Abstract 211
1 Introduct?on 211
2 Material and Methods 212
2.1 Organism, Culture Conditions and Growth Curve 212
2.2 Synthesis of Ag, Zn and Fe Nanoparticles Using Supernatant 213
2.3 Characterization of the Nanoparticles 213
3 Results and Discussion 213
3.1 Schizochytrium sp. Growth Curve 213
3.2 UV-vis Spectroscopy and Zeta Sizer Analyser Characterization of Particles 213
4 Conclusion 216
Acknowledgements 216
References 216
34 Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Using Microalga Galdieria sp. 217
Abstract 217
1 Introduction 217
2 Materials and Methods 218
2.1 Strain and Growth Conditions 218
2.2 Biosynthesis of Metal Nanoparticles by Galdieria sp. 218
2.3 Characterization of Metal Nanoparticles 218
2.4 Antimicrobial Activity Test 218
3 Results and Discussion 218
4 Conclusion 221
Acknowledgements 221
References 221
35 HIV Infection Mathematical Modeling and Future Trends of Treatment Using Nanotechnology and Nanorobots 223
Abstract 223
1 Introduction 223
2 HIV Infection 224
3 HIV Mathematical Modeling 224
4 HIV/AIDS Model Analysis 226
5 Improving HIV/AIDS Model for Adequate Treatment of Disease 227
6 Nanotechnology and Micro/Nanorobots in HIV/AIDS Treatment 229
6.1 Nanotechnology in HIV Treatment 229
6.2 Micro/Nanorobotics in HIV Treatment 230
7 Conclusions 231
References 232
36 Nanomedical Devices as a Tool for Consumer Research 233
Abstract 233
1 Introduction 233
2 The Impact of Nanotechnology on Consumer Research 234
3 Nanomarketing and Sustainability 235
4 Conclusion 236
Conflict of Interest 236
References 236
37 Near IR Exciton Theory of Ultrathin Crystalline Film Optics and Possibilities for Drug Delivery 237
Abstract 237
1 Introduction 237
2 Optical Properties of Ultrathin Films 238
2.1 Optical Properties Calculated by Layers 238
2.2 Optical Properties for the Whole Ultrathin Film 240
3 Conclusion 242
Acknowledgements 242
References 242
38 Phonon Engineering in Nanostructures for Targeted Drug Delivery 243
Abstract 243
1 Introduction 243
2 Phonon Subsystem in Nanostructures 244
2.1 Phonon Properties of Ultrathin Films 244
2.2 Phonon Properties of Quantum Dots 245
3 Conclusion 246
Acknowledgements 247
References 247
39 Zeolite Microneedles: Recent Advancements and Implications in the Delivery of Collagen 248
Abstract 248
1 Introduction 248
2 Zeolites Films and Membranes 249
3 Zeolite-Based Microneedles 249
4 Reasons for the Use of Zeolite in the Production of Microneedles 250
5 Collagen and Insulin Characters 250
6 Microneedle-Assisted Delivery of Collagen 251
7 Commercially Available Microneedle Devices 251
8 Conclusion 252
Conflict of Interest 252
References 252
40 Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Food Forensics: A Review 253
Abstract 253
1 Introduction 253
2 Raman Spectroscopy in General 254
2.1 Theoretical Basis of Raman Spectroscopy 254
3 Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy 254
3.1 NIR FT-Raman Spectroscopy 255
4 Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 255
5 Visible Micro-Raman Spectroscopy 255
6 Multivariate Mathematical Methods 257
7 Application of Raman Spectroscopy 257
8 Conclusion 257
References 258
Biomaterials, Biomechanics, Robotics and Minimally Invasive Surgery 260
41 Evaluation of Several Microalgal Extracts as Bioactive Metabolites as Potential Pharmaceutical Compounds 261
Abstract 261
1 Introduction 261
2 Materials and Methods 262
2.1 Cultivation of Microalgae 262
2.2 Extraction of Crude Extract 262
3 Results and Discussion 263
3.1 Antioxidant Efficiency/Potential of Extracts 263
3.2 Total Phenol Content of Extracts 263
4 Conclusion 264
Acknowledgements 265
References 265
42 A Novel Approach in Determination of Biofilm Forming Capacity of Bacteria Using Random Forest Classifier 267
Abstract 267
1 Introduction 267
2 Materials and Methods 268
2.1 Random Forest 268
3 Results 269
3.1 Performance Evaluation 269
3.2 Experimental Results 270
4 Discussion 270
5 Conclusion 272
References 272
43 Analysis of Vertical Ground Reaction Force and Center of Pressure During Stair Climbing 274
Abstract 274
1 Introduction 274
2 Methods 275
3 Results 276
4 Conclusion 279
Conflict of Interest 279
References 279
44 Reference Tracking of the Robotic Above-Knee Prosthetic Leg with Actuated Knee and Ankle Joints Using Robust Control 280
Abstract 280
1 Introduction 280
2 Robust Passivity Based Control 280
2.1 Problem Description 280
2.2 RPBC for Active Above-Knee Prosthesis 281
2.3 Control Unit 282
3 Results and Discussion 283
4 Conclusion 285
Conflict of Interest 285
References 285
45 Comparation of CFD-Computation Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Shorter Designed Stent Graft in Abdominal Aorta 286
Abstract 286
1 Introduction 286
1.1 Numerical Models 287
2 Results 287
3 Conclusion 291
Conflict of Interest Declaration 292
References 292
Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Endocrine Systems Engineering 293
46 A Novel Enzymatic Microreactor: Towards Transforming the Pharmaceutical Industry 294
Abstract 294
1 Introduction 294
2 Enzymes Inside the Microreactors 295
3 Novel Enzymatic Microreactor 296
4 Materials and Methods 297
4.1 Tools and Materials 297
4.2 Preparation of Nanofibers 297
4.3 Patterning the Nanofiber Filled Chambers 297
4.4 Following the Transformation of pNPP to pNP 298
5 Experimental Results 298
6 Conclusion 298
References 298
47 Modeling of Voltage Imaging for the Study of Action Potential Propagation 300
Abstract 300
1 Introduction 300
2 Materials and Methods 300
2.1 Preprocessing 301
2.2 Signal Model 302
2.3 Parameter Estimation 302
2.4 Fitting and Optimization 302
3 Results 303
4 Discussion 304
Conflict of Interest 305
References 305
48 Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation in the Coronary Arteries 306
Abstract 306
1 Introduction 306
2 Materials and Methods 306
2.1 Computer Model 306
2.2 Boundary Conditions 307
3 Results 307
4 Discussion and Conclusion 309
Acknowledgements 309
References 309
49 Coronary Angiography Evaluation of Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Patients 311
Abstract 311
1 Introduction 311
2 Materials and Methods 312
2.1 Subjects 312
2.2 Methods 312
2.3 Statistical Analysis 312
3 Results 312
4 Discussion 313
5 Conclusions 314
Conflict of Interest 314
REFERENCES 314
50 Optimizing Insulin Pump Therapy: Advanced Bolus Options 315
Abstract 315
1 Introduction 315
2 Aim 316
3 Participants and Methods 316
4 Results 317
5 Discussion 317
6 Conclusion 319
References 319
51 Parametric Optimization of Stent Design Based on Numerical Methods 321
Abstract 321
1 Introduction 321
2 Materials and Methods 322
2.1 Stents 322
2.2 Parametric Optimization 322
3 Results and Conclusion 323
Acknowledgements 325
References 325
52 Numerical Analysis of Plaque Progression in 3D Patient Specific Model of Carotid Artery 326
Abstract 326
1 Introduction 326
2 Materials and Methods 327
2.1 Geometrical Model 327
2.2 Numerical Simulation 327
3 Results and Discussion 328
4 Conclusion 329
Acknowledgements 329
References 329
53 Forth Heart Sound Detection Using Backward Time-Growing Neural Network 330
Abstract 330
1 Introduction 330
2 Materials 331
2.1 The Tools 331
2.2 The Patient Population 331
3 Methods 331
3.1 The Heart Sound Processing 331
3.2 Statistical Evaluation 332
4 Results 332
5 Discussion 333
6 Conclusions 333
Acknowledgements 333
References 333
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 335
54 Using Data Science for Medical Decision Making Case: Role of Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis 336
Abstract 336
1 Introduction 336
1.1 The Human Gut Microbiome 336
1.2 Sequencing Techniques: 16s rRNA Gene Sequencing 337
2 Background 337
3 Dataset and Methodology 337
3.1 Dataset 337
3.2 Taxonomy Analysis 338
3.3 Random Forest Classification 339
4 Results 339
5 Conclusions and Future Work 341
References 342
55 Discovery of Membrane Permeability, Pharmacokinetics Properties and Mechanism of Action for Analogs of Ethylenediamine-N,N?-di-2-(3-Cyclohexyl)Propionic Acid and 1,3-Propandiamine-N,N?-di-2-(3-Cyclohexyl)Propionic Acid with Antiproliferative Activity Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods 344
Abstract 344
1 Introduction 344
2 Materials and Methods 346
2.1 In Vitro Method—PAMPA Test 346
2.2 In Silico Methods 347
3 Results and Discussion 348
3.1 In Vitro Results—PAMPA Test 348
3.2 In Silico Results 349
4 Conclusion 356
References 356
56 Analysis of miRNA Targets in Correlation to Neurodevelopment and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) 357
Abstract 357
1 Introduction 357
2 Materials and Methods 359
3 Results 359
4 Discussion 360
5 Conclusion 361
References 361
57 Discrete Modelling of Liver Cell Aggregation Using Partial Differential Equations 364
Abstract 364
1 Introduction 364
2 Materials and Methods 365
3 Results and Discussion 366
4 Conclusion 368
Acknowledgements 368
References 368
Clinical Engineering and Health Technology Assessment 370
58 Smart Ageing: Are We Succeeding? 371
Abstract 371
1 Introduction 371
2 Smart Ageing Ecosystem 372
3 Survey Analysis and Discussion 373
4 Conclusion 376
Conflicts of Interest 376
References 376
59 A New Digital Mental Health System Infrastructure for Diagnosis of Psychiatric Disorders and Patient Follow-Up by Text Analysis in Turkish 378
Abstract 378
1 Introduction 378
2 Related Work 379
3 Experimental Setup 380
3.1 Datasets 380
3.2 Data Preprocessing 380
3.3 Features 380
3.4 Classification 381
4 Conclusion 382
References 384
60 Only All Together We Can Make It Better on Any Strategic Matter 386
Abstract 386
1 Introduction 386
2 Materials and Methods 386
3 Results 387
4 Discussion 388
5 Conclusion 388
Acknowledgements 388
Conflict of Interest 388
References 389
61 Designing a Healthcare Computer Aided Facility Management System: A New Approach 390
Abstract 390
1 Introduction 390
2 Design and Implementation 391
3 Conclusions 394
References 394
62 System for Monitoring Environmental Parameters in a Hospital Facility 395
Abstract 395
1 Introduction 395
2 Methods 395
3 Results 396
4 Conclusion 398
References 398
63 Adverse Drug Events (ADEs): A Novel RFID Device for a Safe and Strong Match Between Patients and Their Medications 399
Abstract 399
1 Introduction 399
2 Materials and Methods 399
2.1 Previous Version: Problems to Solve 399
2.2 Tools 400
2.3 Design of the New Antenna 400
3 Results 403
4 Conclusion 404
References 404
64 Donation of Medical Devices in Low-Income Countries: Preliminary Results from Field Studies 405
Abstract 405
1 Introduction 405
2 Methods 406
2.1 Case Studies, Focus Groups and Conferences 406
3 Results 406
3.1 General Conditions 406
3.2 Minimum Requirements and International Standards 406
3.3 On Donations: X-Ray Machine and Oxygen Concentrator 407
4 Discussion and Conclusion 408
References 409
65 eVerlab: Software Tool for Medical Device Safety and Performance Inspection Management 410
Abstract 410
1 Introduction 410
2 Methods 411
3 Results 411
3.1 GUI System of eVerlab Software 411
3.2 Future Application 413
4 Conclusion 415
Conflict of Interest 415
References 415
66 Establishment of Measurement System for Hearing Aids at TÜB?TAK UME 417
Abstract 417
1 Introduction 417
1.1 Measurement Infrastructure of UME Medical Metrology Laboratory for Hearing Aids Tests 418
2 Results and Discussion 418
3 Conclusion 421
References 421
67 The Importance of Metrology in Medicine 422
Abstract 422
1 Introduction 422
2 Problems Related to Measurements and Importance of Medical Measurements 422
3 Development of Medical Metrology Laboratory at TÜB?TAK UME, Turkey 424
4 Traceability in Medical Measurements 425
5 Conclusions and Suggestions 425
References 428
Health Informatics, E-health and Telemedicine 430
68 Towards Pain-Fingerprinting: A Ubiquitous and Interoperable Clinical Decision Support System for Pain Assessment 431
Abstract 431
1 Introduction 431
2 Background 432
3 Proposed Approach 432
4 Discussion and Conclusions 434
Acknowledgements 434
References 434
69 Identification of Alcohol Addicts Among High School Students Using Decision Tree Based Algorithm 436
Abstract 436
1 Introduction 436
2 Background 437
3 Data Preprocessing 437
3.1 Data Formation 438
3.2 Linear Correlation 440
4 Results and Discussion 440
4.1 Decision Tree Configuration 441
5 Conclusion 444
Statement of Conflicts of Interest and Informed Consent 444
References 444
70 Identification of Real and Imaginary Movements in EEG Using Machine Learning Models 445
Abstract 445
1 Introduction 445
2 Related Work 446
3 Data Acquisition 446
4 Results 447
5 Discussion and Open Issues 449
6 Conclusions 449
Acknowledgements 449
References 449
71 Development of a Diagnostic Support Software in the Clinicobiochemical Evaluation of Thyroid Disease Diagnosis 451
Abstract 451
1 Introduction 451
2 Methods and Materials 452
3 Results and Discussion 452
4 Conclusion 456
References 456
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Healthcare 457
72 Machine Learning Techniques for Performance Prediction of Medical Devices: Infant Incubators 458
Abstract 458
1 Introduction 458
2 Methods 459
2.1 Dataset Used for the Development of Expert System 459
2.2 Expert System for Prediction of Medical Device Performance 461
2.2.1 Artificial Neural Network Development 461
2.2.2 Fuzzy Classifier for Maintenance Necessity Prediction 461
3 Results 462
3.1 Testing Performance of Developed ANN 462
3.2 Testing Performance of Fuzzy Classifier 462
4 Conclusion 464
References 464
73 Prediction of Heart Diseases Using Majority Voting Ensemble Method 466
Abstract 466
1 Introduction 466
2 Literature Review 467
3 Methodology 467
3.1 Dataset 467
3.2 Feature Selection 467
3.3 Classification 468
4 Results 469
5 Conclusion 472
Conflict of Interest Declaration 472
References 472
74 Predicting the Outcome of Granulation and Tableting Processes Using Different Artificial Intelligence Methods 474
Abstract 474
1 Introduction 474
1.1 ANN Model 474
1.2 Cubist 475
1.3 Random Forest 475
1.4 k-NN 475
1.5 The Combination of Neuro-Fuzzy Logic (NFL) and Gene Expression Programming (GEP) 475
2 Predicting the Outcome of Granulation and Tableting Processes 475
2.1 Wet Granulation Processes 475
2.2 Roll Compaction 477
2.3 Minimization of Capping 477
2.4 Scaling-up Granulation Process 478
2.5 Quality Improvement of Ramipril Tablets 478
3 Conclusion 478
Conflict of Interest 478
References 478
75 Lactose Intolerance Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks 480
Abstract 480
1 Introduction 480
2 Materials and Methods 481
2.1 Dataset 481
2.2 Development of Artificial Neural Network 482
3 Results and Discussion 482
4 Conclusion 484
References 484
76 Comparative Study on Different Classification Techniques for Ovarian Cancer Detection 486
Abstract 486
1 Introduction 486
2 Methods 487
2.1 Dataset 487
2.2 Classification Algorithms 487
3 Results and Discussion 489
4 Conclusion 491
References 492
77 Normalized Neural Networks for Breast Cancer Classification 494
Abstract 494
1 Introduction 494
2 Wisconsin Breast Cancer Database Overview 495
3 Theoretical Background 495
3.1 Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) 495
3.2 Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) 495
3.3 Normalization 496
4 Experimental Results 497
5 Conclusion 498
References 499
Pharmaceutical Engineering 500
78 Landscape of CYP3A5 Variants in Central-Eastern and South European Populations 501
Abstract 501
1 Background 502
2 Aim 502
3 Materials and Methods 502
4 Statistical Analysis 502
5 Results 502
6 Discussion 503
7 Conclusion 504
Acknowledgements 504
References 504
79 Development of Inhalable Dry Gene Powders for Pulmonary Drug Delivery by Spray-Freeze-Drying 506
Abstract 506
1 Introduction 506
2 Spray-Freeze-Drying (SFD) 507
3 Development of Dry Gene Powders by SFD 508
4 Conclusion 509
Conflict of Interest 509
References 509
80 Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Wild Mushrooms from Different Areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina 511
Abstract 511
1 Introduction 511
2 Materials and Methods 512
3 Results and Discussion 513
4 Conclusion 514
Acknowledgements 514
References 514
81 Effects of 99mTc on the Redox Properties of L-Thyroxine 515
Abstract 515
1 Introduction 515
2 Materials and Method 516
3 Results and Discussion 516
4 Conclusions 517
Conflict of Interest 518
References 518
82 Novel Aspects of Drug Delivery: Wireless Electronic Devices 519
Abstract 519
1 Introduction 519
2 Smart Pills 519
2.1 IntelliCap® 520
2.2 SmartPill® 520
2.3 Uses of SmartPill® and IntelliCap® So Far 521
3 Electronic Transdermal Patches 521
3.1 Physical Penetration Enhancement 522
3.2 Active Methods for Drug Transport 522
4 Conclusion 522
Conflict of Interest 523
References 523
83 Quantification of Active Substances in Some Drugs Using by Derivative UV/Vis spectroscopy 524
Abstract 524
1 Introduction 524
2 Methods 525
2.1 Samples 525
2.2 Instrumentation 525
3 Results and Discussion 525
3.1 Quantification of Acetyl-Salicylic Acid (ASA) 525
3.2 Quantification of Naproxen (N) 525
3.3 Quantification of Meloxicam (M) 526
4 Conclusions 528
References 528
84 In Vitro Evaluation of Transdermal Patches Containing Capsaicin Marketed in Bosnia and Herzegovina 529
Abstract 529
1 Introduction 529
2 Materials and Methods 530
2.1 Chemicals 530
2.2 Transdermal Patches 530
2.3 Dissolution Apparatus 530
2.4 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 531
2.5 Statistical Analysis 531
3 Results and Discussion 531
4 Conclusions 531
References 532
85 UV-VIS Determination of Acetylsalicylic Acid in Aspirin Tablets Using Different Solvents and Conditions 533
Abstract 533
1 Introduction 533
2 Materials and Methods 534
2.1 Standard Preparation 534
2.1.1 Method with FeCl3/HCl Solution 534
2.1.2 Method with Ethanol 534
2.2 Sample Preparation 534
2.2.1 Method with FeCl3/HCl Solution 534
2.2.2 Method with Ethanol 534
3 Results and Discussion 534
3.1 Method with FeCl3/HCl Solution 534
3.2 Method with Ethanol 536
4 Conclusion 537
References 537
86 Lysozyme-Enzybiotic with Valuable Effects in Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Complications in Adult Patients After Bilateral Tonsillectomy 538
Abstract 538
1 Introduction 538
2 Materials and Methods 539
3 Results 539
4 Discussion 540
5 Conclusion 542
Conflict of Interest 542
References 542
87 Use of Hollow Microneedle Drug Delivery Systems in Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus 543
Abstract 543
1 Introduction 543
2 Transdermal Application: Hollow Microneedles 544
3 Transdermal Delivery of Metformin 544
4 Transdermal Delivery of Insulin 545
5 Transdermal Delivery of Exendin 546
6 Conclusion 547
Conflict of Interest 547
Reference 547
88 Toxicity of Azo Dyes in Pharmaceutical Industry 549
Abstract 549
1 Introduction 549
2 Tartrazine 550
3 Sunset Yellow 551
4 Ponceau 4R 552
5 Azorubine 553
6 Amaranth 553
7 Brilliant Blue 553
8 Allura Red 554
9 Conclusion 554
Conflict of Interest 555
Reference 555
89 Genes Associated With Free Fatty Acid Levels and Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes Patients 556
Abstract 556
1 Introduction 556
1.1 Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes 556
1.2 Genetics of Fatty Acids 557
1.3 Fatty Acids and Type 2 Diabetes 557
1.4 Type 2 Diabetes and Dyslipidemia 557
2 Materials and Methods 558
3 Results 559
4 Discussion 559
5 Conclusions 559
References 559
Genetic Engineering 561
90 Correlation of Leukemia Genes Overexpression and Point Mutations in Different Tissues 562
Abstract 562
1 Introduction 562
1.1 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia 562
1.2 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia 563
1.3 Acute Myeloid Leukemia 563
1.4 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia 563
2 Methods 563
3 Results 563
3.1 Overexpression Pattern in Tissues 563
3.2 Point Mutation Pattern in Tissues 564
4 Conclusion 565
References 566
91 Craniometric Analysis of the Foramen Magnum for Gender Determination in Bosnian Human Skulls 569
Abstract 569
1 Introduction 569
2 Materials and Methods 570
2.1 Statistical Analysis 570
3 Results 570
4 Discussion 572
5 Conclusion 572
Acknowledgements 573
References 573
92 Liver Enzymes as Biomarkers for Hepatotoxicity of Statins in Patients with Dyslipidemia 574
Abstract 574
1 Introduction 574
2 Materials and Methods 575
3 Results and Discussion 576
4 Conclusions 577
References 578
93 Impact of Antibiotic Misuse on Genetics Alterations of Bacteria 579
Abstract 579
1 Introduction 579
2 Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance 580
3 Genetics of Resistance 580
3.1 Antibiotic-Induced Mutagenesis 580
3.2 Antibiotic-Induced Recombination and Lateral Transfer 580
3.3 Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes 581
4 Detecting Antibiotic Resistance Genes 581
5 Multiple Drug Resistance 582
6 Conclusion 582
Conflict of Interest 583
References 583
94 Diagnosis of Skin Disease Based on Fingerprint 584
Abstract 584
1 Introduction 584
2 Research Objectives 584
3 Minutiae 585
4 Sample Sampling and Image Processing 585
5 Fingerprint Recognition System 587
6 Exposition 587
7 Conclusion 588
References 589
95 Epigenetics: How Does It Affect Cancer? 590
Abstract 590
1 Introduction 590
2 Methodology 590
3 Results 591
4 Discussion 591
4.1 Epigenetic and Its Modulating Factors 591
4.2 Details of Epigenetics 592
4.3 Epigenetics as Prophylaxis 592
4.4 Epigenetics as Diagnosis and Prognosis 592
4.5 Epigenetics as Therapy 593
5 Conclusion 593
References 593
96 Screening of Heavy Metal Occurence in Edible Plants from Bosnian Market 595
Abstract 595
1 Introduction 595
2 Materials and Methods 596
2.1 Collection of Samples and Preparation for Further Analysis 596
2.2 Preparation of Samples for the AAS Analysis 596
3 Results and Discussion 596
4 Conclusions 599
Acknowledgements 599
References 599
97 Genetic Polymorphism ?-Lactoglobulin Gene in Dubska Pramenka Sheep Breed 600
Abstract 600
1 Introduction 600
2 Materials and Methods 601
3 Results 601
4 Discussion 601
References 603
Student Competition Session 605
98 Prostate Tissue Classification Based on Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Using Artificial Neural Network 606
Abstract 606
1 Introduction 606
2 Materials and Methods 607
2.1 Dataset 607
2.2 Development of Artificial Neural Network 608
3 Results 608
4 Conclusion 610
References 610
99 Influence of Artificial Microgravity on Human Arterial Vessels 612
Abstract 612
1 Introduction 612
2 Materials and Methods 612
3 Results 614
4 Discussion 615
5 Conclusion 617
Acknowledgements 620
References 620
100 Using the Distance in Logistic Regression Models for Predictor Ranking in Diabetes Detection 621
Abstract 621
1 Introduction 621
2 A Brief Review of LR Models 622
3 Using Ri for Predictor Ranking 623
4 Experimental Results 623
4.1 Datasets 623
4.2 Results 623
5 Conclusions 624
Acknowledgements 626
References 626
101 Expert System for Performance Prediction of Anesthesia Machines 627
Abstract 627
1 Introduction 627
2 Methods 628
2.1 Dataset for Development of Expert System for Prediction of Anesthesia Machine Performance Status 628
2.2 Development of Artificial Neural Network 629
2.3 Development of Fuzzy Classifier 631
3 Results 631
4 Conclusion 632
Appendix 1: K-Fold Cross Validation 633
Appendix 2: Membership Functions 633
References 634
102 Smoking and Caffeine Consumption as Stress Coping Mechanisms in Medical Students 636
Abstract 636
1 Introduction 636
2 Methods and Materials 637
2.1 Participants 637
2.2 Materials and Procedure 637
3 Results 637
4 Discussion 639
Author Contributions 640
References 640
103 Review of Biosensors in Industrial Process Control 642
Abstract 642
1 Introduction 642
2 Methods 643
3 Results 643
3.1 Biosensors for Glycerol Detection 643
3.2 ?iosensors for ?-Lactam Detection 645
4 Conclusion 646
References 648
104 The Assessment of Drug Interactions and Safety of Administration with Regard to Special Population Groups by a Developed Computer Program 650
Abstract 650
1 Introduction 650
2 Methodology 651
3 Results and Discussion 652
4 Conclusion 657
Conflict of interest declaration 657
References 657
105 Implementing the Calculation of the Appropriate Drug Dose for Children Using the Programming Language C# 659
Abstract 659
1 Introduction 659
2 Methodology 660
3 Results and Discussion 661
4 Conclusion 664
Conflict of Interest Declaration 665
References 665
106 ORÁO: RESTful Cloud-Based Ophthalmologic Medical Record for Chromatic Pupillometry 666
Abstract 666
1 Introduction 666
2 Platform Project 666
2.1 User Interface Design 667
2.2 Pilot Study Design 667
2.3 RESTful Cloud-Based Platform 667
3 Results 668
4 Discussion 673
Acknowledgements 673
References 673
107 A Language Independent Decision Support System for Diagnosis and Treatment by Using Natural Language Processing Techniques 674
Abstract 674
1 Introduction 674
2 Clinical Decision Making 675
3 Named Entity Recognition (NER) and Symptom extraction methods 675
3.1 Syntactic and Semantic Similarity 676
4 Methodology 676
4.1 Data Collection and the Structure of the Data 676
4.2 Implementation 676
5 Results and Conclusion 679
References 680
108 Fabrication of Rectal and Vaginal Suppositories Using 3D Printed Moulds: The Challenge of Personalized Therapy 682
Abstract 682
1 Introduction 682
2 Materials and Methods 683
2.1 Materials 683
2.2 Design of Suppositories 683
2.3 Printing Process 683
2.4 Suppository Fabrication 683
2.5 Customization of Computer Software 683
3 Results and Discussion 684
4 Conclusion 687
Acknowledgements 687
References 687
109 Coated 3D Printed PLA Microneedles as Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems 688
Abstract 688
1 Introduction 688
2 Materials and Methods 690
2.1 Materials 690
2.2 Printing 3D Microneedles 690
2.3 Etching 3D Printed Microneedles 690
2.4 Coating 3D Printed Microneedles 691
2.5 Transdermal Application of Microneedles in Vitro 691
3 Results and Discussion 691
3.1 Preparation and Coating 3D Printed MNs 691
3.2 In Vitro Transdermal MNs Application 693
4 Conclusion 693
Acknowledgements 694
References 694
110 Development of a Diagnostic Support Software in the Clinicobiochemical Evaluation of Secondary Amenorrhea Diagnosis 696
Abstract 696
1 Introduction 696
2 Methods and Materials 697
3 Result and Discussion 697
4 Conclusion 700
References 700
111 Acid-Resistant Capsules with Sugar Microneedles for Oral Delivery of Ascorbic Acid 701
Abstract 701
1 Introduction 701
2 Materials and Methods 702
2.1 Materials 702
2.2 Mold Making 702
2.3 Forming Sugar Microneedles 702
2.4 Experiment with Acidic and Basic Medium 703
3 Results and Discussion 703
3.1 Formulation of Different Types of Sugar Microneedles 703
3.2 Results of Using Different Types of Molds 704
3.3 Results of an Experiment in Acidic and Base Medium 704
4 Conclusion 705
Acknowledgements 705
References 705
112 Effect of Commercially Available Synthetic Insulin on the Biofilm Formation in S. aureus and E. coli Bacterial Strains 706
Abstract 706
1 Introduction 706
2 Methods 707
2.1 Bacterial Strands 707
2.2 Hormonal V/V Solutions 707
2.3 Antibacterial Testing 707
2.4 Testing of the Effect of Hormonal V/V Solution on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, a Clinical Strain of Escherichia coli and a Clinical Strain of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 707
3 Results 707
3.1 Antibacterial Activity of Insulin Detemir V/V Solutions in Tested Bacterial Strains 707
3.2 Biofilm Formation Activity and Capability 707
4 Discussion and Conclusion 708
References 709
113 Use of Biosensors in Diabetes Monitoring: Medical and Economic Aspects 711
Abstract 711
1 Introduction 711
2 Glucose Monitoring 712
2.1 Traditional Glucose Monitoring 712
2.2 Biosensors 712
3 Materials and Methods 713
4 Results 713
5 Discussion 714
6 Conclusion 715
Conflict of Interest 715
Appendix 1 716
Appendix 2 717
References 718
114 Therapeutic Aspects and Diagnosis of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder—ADHD in Adults 719
Abstract 719
1 Introduction 719
2 Methods and Materials 720
3 Results 720
3.1 Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder—ADHD 720
3.1.1 Conceptualization, Particulars and Diagnosis 720
3.1.2 Comorbidities 720
3.2 Treatment of ADHD 721
3.2.1 Multidisciplinary Treatment and Follow-up of the ADHD 721
3.2.2 Drugs Prescribed in the Treatment of ADHD 721
4 Discussion 721
Conflict of Interest 722
References 722
115 Predicting the Severity of a Mammographic Tumor Using an Artificial Neural Network 724
Abstract 724
1 Introduction 724
2 Materials and Methods 725
2.1 Dataset 725
2.2 Artificial Neural Network 726
3 Results 726
4 Conclusion 727
References 727
Author Index 728