Advances in Information and Communication Technologies (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 13
Information and Communication Technologies 15
Internet of Things: Future Telecommunication 16
Abstract 16
1 Introduction 16
2 Social Models in Telecommunications 17
3 Improving the Efficiency of the Use of Radio Frequency Resource 24
4 Conclusions 26
References 26
Cryptographic Technology Blockchain and Its Applications 27
Abstract 27
1 Motivation: Payment Instruments in Past and Future 27
2 Blockchain Architecture 29
3 Cryptographic Technology Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies 31
4 Profitability of Bitcoin Is Questionable? 34
5 Operation and Validation of Blockchain 35
6 Practical Blockchain Applications 38
6.1 Framework MS Bletchley 38
6.2 Smart Contracting 39
7 Risks and Hacking 40
7.1 Ransomware 41
7.2 Cryptocurrency Fraud 43
8 Analysis: What’s Stopping the Development of Blockchain? 43
9 Conclusions 44
Acknowledgment 44
References 45
Model of Transdisciplinary Representation of GEOspatial Information 47
Abstract 47
1 Introduction 47
2 The Concept of an Ontological GIS-Application and Its Formation on the Basis of Natural-Language Documents 49
3 Structuring the Text Using the Method of Recursive Reduction 52
3.1 Graphic Representation of the Primary Structure of the Text 53
3.2 The Method of Recursive Text Reduction 55
3.3 The Multiplicity of Transformation of Recursive Reduction 57
3.4 The Structure of the Reduction Operator and Its Components 60
3.5 The Structure of the Reduction Operator and Its Components 67
4 Formation of Ontological GIS Applications and Transdisciplinary Representation of Geospatial Information with Their Help 68
5 Transdisciplinary Presentation of Information Through Interactive Documents 70
6 Transdisciplinary Representation of Geospatial Information with Ontological GIS Applications 73
7 The Practical Approach for the Taras Shevchenko Portal 78
8 Conclusions 83
References 84
Quality Control for Mobile Communication Management Services in Hybrid Environment 89
Abstract 89
1 Introduction 89
2 Organization of a Heterogeneous Telecommunications Network 90
3 The Principle of Flow Service with the Resource Virtualization in Public Telephone Network 94
4 Procedure for Ensuring the Quality of Service Provided 96
5 Forecasting of the Necessary Virtual Resource in the Cloud to Ensure the Efficient Operation of the Hybrid Telecommunication Environment 100
5.1 Method of Constructing a Schedule for Choosing Configurations Based on Long-Term Statistics 100
5.2 Short-Term Load Predicting Method 101
6 Figure 13 Shows the Basic Procedures for Resource Planning. The Diagram Shows Which Systems Are Involved for Monitoring and Planning Resources 104
7 Conclusion 110
References 111
Improved Estimates for the Reliability Indicators of Information and Communication Network Objects with Limited Source Information 114
Abstract 114
1 Introduction 114
2 Related Works and Basic Notions 115
3 Statement of the Problem and Justification of the Choice of the Analytical Method of Solution in the Conditions of a Priori Uncertainty 117
4 Improved Method of Constructing Two-Sided Assessments of Reliability of TE Taking into Account Refusals and Failures 119
5 Two-Sided Estimates of the Reliability of TE Taking into Account Refusals and Failures when Using Different Types of Redundancy 121
5.1 Models of Reliability of TE with Time, Structural and Derating Redundancy 122
5.2 Reliability Models of TE with Time and Structural Redundancy 125
6 Two-Sided Estimates of the Reliability of TE Taking into Account Refusals and Failures in the Use of Time Redundancy 126
7 Results of Complex Assessment of Reliability of TE with Limited Initial Information 127
8 Conclusions 128
References 129
Telecommunications 131
Combined Over-the-Horizon Communication Systems 132
Abstract 132
1 Introduction 132
2 Related Works 134
3 Architecture of Heterogeneous CombinedOver-the-Horizon Communication Systems withthe Use of Reference Small-Sized Troposcatter Stations and Relaying Intellectual Aeroplatformsor Artificial Formations 137
4 Simulating the Operation of the Radio Link of a Over-the-Horizon Troposcatter Communication 138
5 Supported Small-Dimensional Troposcatter Station 144
6 Multilevel Adaptation to Change the Conditions of the Station 145
6.1 Transceiver Unit 147
6.2 Modem Device 147
6.3 Configuring the TRRS System 149
7 The Level of the Use of Airplane Platforms 150
8 Conclusions 153
References 154
Prospects for the Development of Geostationary Satellite Communications Systems in the World 157
Abstract 157
1 Features of the Regular Geostationary Satellites and the High-Throughput Satellites 157
2 Features of Modern Geostationary High-Throughput Systems 159
2.1 EchoStar System 160
2.2 ViaSat System 161
2.3 Inmarsat System 162
2.4 Intelsat System 164
2.5 Eutelsat System 169
3 Geostationary Systems of the Regular Configuration 171
3.1 Intelsat 171
3.2 SES 172
3.3 Eutelsat 173
4 Conclusions 176
References 177
Comparison of Methods for Determining Noise Immunity Indicators of a Multiservice Transmission System 178
Abstract 178
1 Introduction 179
2 Comparative Analysis of Methods for Determining Noise Immunity for Multiple Phase-Shift Keying Signals 180
3 Analysis of the Method of Determining Noise Immunity for Signals of Multiple Quadrature Amplitude 183
4 Analysis of the Vector-Phase Method for Determining Noise Immunity for Signals with Multiple Manipulation 185
4.1 Problem Statement 185
4.2 Analytical Model for Determining the Symbol Errors Probability for Multiposition Signals 186
4.3 Analytical Model for Determining the Probabilities of Bit Error Rate(BER) for Multi-position Signals 189
5 Comparative Analysis of Methods for Determining Noise Immunity for Signals of Multiple Manipulation 193
6 Conclusion 195
References 196
Research of the Control Algorithms for a State of Duplex Communication Channel in the Conditions of Multipath 197
Abstract 197
1 Introduction 197
2 Study of DVB-T2 Technological Features that Assure Improving the Noise Immunity in HDRDCS 198
2.1 Providing High Noise Immunity in HDRDCS 199
2.2 Analysis of DVB-T2 Technological Features for Improving Noise Immunity in HDRDCS 200
2.3 Peculiarities of DVB-T2 Signal Processing Features for Improving a Noise Immunity of HDRDCS 201
2.4 Proposals for Improving DVB-T2 Signal Processing Procedures in HDRDCS 202
3 Fading Channel Models Analysis for HDRDCS 202
3.1 Factors that Affect the Waves Propagation in Free Space 202
3.2 The Channel Fading Model Selection for HDRDCS 203
4 Proposals to Improve a Noise Immunity in HDRDCS by Using the Techniques from DVB-T2 Standard 206
4.1 Data Rate Dependency Analysis as a SNR Function with Using the Adaptive MCS, and Proposals for MCS Set Reduction 206
4.2 Comparative Analysis of the Bit Rate Depending on the Distance Between the Transmitter and Receiver for Non-ideal Channel Conditions and Proposals to Improve Noise Immunity in Radio Relay Lines 212
5 Conclusion 214
References 215
Time and Synchronization in Telecoms 216
Abstract 216
1 Introduction 216
2 Basic Terms, Definitions and Topical Tasks 217
3 Timing Signal Model and Synchronization Networks Modes 219
3.1 Timing Signal Model 219
3.2 The Main Modes of Transport Network Synchronization 221
4 Slips 222
4.1 Definition 222
4.2 Slips Frequency/Period Estimation 222
4.3 The Slip Preventing Methods 224
5 The Comparison of Synchronous and Plesiochronous Modes of Transport Network Synchronization 225
5.1 A Plesiochronous Network: Advantages and Disadvantages 225
5.2 A Synchronous Network: Advantages and Disadvantages 225
6 Metrics for Synchronization Quality Evaluation 226
6.1 Features of MTIE(?) 226
6.2 The Expansion of MTIE(?) Family 227
6.3 Practical Applications of Metrics 227
7 The Analysis of Two-Way Precise Time Protocol 228
8 Conclusions 231
Acknowledgements 232
References 232
Radio Engineering and Electronics 235
Software Defined Radio in Communications 236
Abstract 236
1 Introduction 236
1.1 Features of Modern Software Defined Radio 236
1.2 Cognitive Radio Systems 237
2 The Architecture of a Software Defined Radio System for the Development of Radio-Telecommunication Equipment 238
3 The Process of Creating a Software-Defined Radio System 240
4 Interaction Between HPS and FPGA SoC During Creation of Radio Telecommunication Device 243
5 Conclusion 246
References 247
Application of Spatial Signal Processing by the Form of the Electromagnetic Wave Phase Front in Wireless Communication Systems 248
Abstract 248
1 Introduction 248
2 General Information About the EMW Phase Front 250
3 Spatial Signal Processing by the Form of the EMW Phase Front Application in the Phase Direction-Finding Systems 251
4 Application of Spatial Signal Processing in the Radio Relay Communication Lines 259
5 A Prototype of the Simplex RRCL with Spatial Signal Processing 262
6 Results of Simplex RRCL Prototype Lab Test 266
7 Conclusions 269
References 270
Fiber-Optic and Laser Sensors-Goniometers 271
Abstract 271
1 Introduction 271
2 Four-Frequency Laser Goniometer 272
3 Block of Laser Goniometers for Aircraft Inertial Navigation System 273
4 Three-Axis Laser Goniometer 274
5 Interferometric Fiber-Optic Goniometers 276
6 Resonant Fiber-Optic Goniometers 282
7 Conclusions 286
References 286
Bridge Equivalent Circuits for Microwave Filters and Fano Resonance 287
Abstract 287
1 Microwave Filters with Resonators in Parallel Channels. Equations and Programs for Calculating Filters Based on Mutually Detuned Resonator in Parallel Channels 287
2 Different Q-Factors of Resonators (Oscillations) 291
3 Bridge Equivalent Circuits for Metamaterial Cells and Structures with Fano Resonance 293
4 Results of Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Bandstop Filter with Resonators in Parallel Channels 296
5 Bridge Equivalent Circuits for Microwave Filters with Additional Energy Transmission Channels 299
6 Normal and Partial Oscillations in Structures with Resonators in Parallel Channel and Structures with Fano Resonance 303
7 Conclusions 305
References 306
Author Index 308