Measurement Techniques and Practices of Colloid and Interface Phenomena (eBook)

Masahiko Abe received his PhD degree from the University of Tokyo. He retired from the Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science in 2014, and is now a professor at the Institute for Science and Technology, at the same university. His interests include surfactant sciences, such as synthesis and properties of hybrid surfactant, Gemini surfactant, colloidal assemblies (micro emulsions, emulsions, liposomes, niosoaps, micro capsules, liquid crystals). His current research focuses on applying liposomes in non-DDS fields (upgrading of various polymers) and on glucose fuel batteries.

Foreword for English Translation 5
Preface 7
Contents 9
Chapter 1: Basics of Surface Chemistry 11
1.1 Introduction 11
1.2 Definition of Interface 12
1.3 Interface and Colloid 13
1.4 Reaction at Interfaces 14
1.5 Surfaces and Internal Areas 15
1.6 Fundamentals of Surfactants 15
1.6.1 Classification of Surfactants 15
1.6.2 Solubility of Surfactants 19
1.6.2.1 Krafft Point (KP) 19
1.6.2.2 Cloud Point 20
References 21
Chapter 2: Static Surface Tension 22
2.1 Introduction 22
2.2 What You Get 24
2.3 Method 25
2.4 Essentials and Tips 25
2.5 Understanding Your Data 26
2.5.1 Example 1 27
2.6 What to Look Out for 30
2.7 Useful Hints 31
References 31
Chapter 3: Dynamic Surface Tension 32
3.1 Introduction 32
3.2 What You Get 34
3.3 Essentials and Tips 34
3.4 Understanding Your Data 35
3.5 Useful Hints 35
References 36
Chapter 4: Surface Pressure 37
4.1 Introduction 37
4.2 What You Get 38
4.3 Essentials and Tips 38
4.4 Understanding Your Data 39
4.5 What to Look Out for 40
4.6 Useful Hints 41
Chapter 5: Surface Viscosity 42
5.1 Introduction 42
5.2 What You Get 43
5.3 Essentials and Tips 43
5.4 Understanding Your Data 44
5.5 Useful Hints 45
5.6 What to Look Out for 45
Chapter 6: Interfacial Tension Between Water and Oil 46
6.1 Introduction 46
6.2 What You Get 47
6.3 Essentials and Tips 47
6.3.1 Wilhelmy Method 47
6.3.2 Pendant Drop Method 48
6.4 Understanding Your Data 49
6.5 What to Look Out for 50
6.5.1 Wilhelmy Method 50
6.5.2 Pendant Drop Method 50
6.6 Useful Hints 51
6.6.1 Wilhelmy Method 51
6.6.2 Pendant Drop Method 51
Chapter 7: Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring (QCM-D) 52
7.1 Introduction 52
7.2 What You Get 54
7.3 Essentials and Tips 55
7.4 Understanding Your Data 56
7.5 Useful Hints 57
References 57
Chapter 8: Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) 58
8.1 Introduction 58
8.2 What You Get 60
8.3 Essentials and Tips 60
8.4 Understanding Your Data 61
8.5 Useful Hints 63
References 63
Chapter 9: Static Light Scattering (SLS) 65
9.1 Introduction 65
9.2 What You Get 66
9.3 Essentials and Tips 66
9.3.1 Debye Plot Method 66
9.3.2 Zimm Plot Method 67
9.3.3 Estimation of Shape and Size 68
9.4 Understanding Your Data 68
9.5 Useful Hints 69
Chapter 10: Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) 71
10.1 Introduction 71
10.2 What You Get 72
10.3 Essentials and Tips 72
10.4 Understanding Your Data 73
10.4.1 Quality of Autocorrelation Function Graph 73
10.4.2 Types of Particle Size Distribution 74
10.5 What to Look Out for 74
10.6 Useful Hints 74
Chapter 11: Solubilization by Micelles 76
11.1 Introduction 76
11.2 Solubilization for Nonvolatile Materials 78
11.3 What to Look Out for 78
11.4 Solubilization of Volatile Chemicals Such as Fragrances 79
11.4.1 Determination of Solubilization Equilibrium Constant 79
11.5 Static Headspace Method [7, 8] 80
11.6 Experiment Procedure for the Static Headspace Method 81
11.7 An Alternative Method to Determine the Solubilization Equilibrium Constant (K) 82
References 83
Chapter 12: Rheology 84
12.1 Introduction 84
12.2 What You Get 85
12.3 Steps and Essentials 85
12.3.1 Selection of Viscosity-Measuring Apparatus 86
12.3.2 Search and Importance of Linear Region 86
12.4 Understanding Your Data 87
12.4.1 Flow Curves 87
12.4.2 Dynamic Viscoelasticity 88
12.5 Useful Hints 90
References 90
Chapter 13: Freeze-Fracture Transmission Electron Microscopy 91
13.1 Introduction 91
13.2 What You Get 92
13.3 Steps and Essentials 92
13.4 Understanding Your Data 94
13.5 Useful Hints 96
References 96
Chapter 14: Cryo-transmission Electron Microscopy 97
14.1 Introduction 97
14.2 What You Get 98
14.3 Steps and Essentials 98
14.4 Understanding Your Data 101
14.5 Useful Hints 102
References 102
Chapter 15: Zeta (zeta) Potential for Micelle and Microemulsion 104
15.1 Introduction 104
15.2 What Can Be Known from zeta Potential Measurement 104
15.3 Measurement of Zeta (zeta) Potential 105
15.4 Important Point for the Measurement 105
15.5 Basics of Electrical Interface Phenomenon [1] 107
15.5.1 Interfacial Electrical Double Layers 107
15.5.2 Relationship Between Surface Electric Potential, (zeta) Potential, and Surface Charge Density 110
15.6 Calculation of Surface Electric Potential from the Measured Zeta (zeta) Potential 111
15.7 One-Point Merit for the Determination of Surface Electric Potential 112
Reference 112
Chapter 16: Electron Microscopy Observation of Solid Particles 113
16.1 Introduction 113
16.2 What You Get 114
16.2.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 114
16.2.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 115
16.3 Essentials and Tips 119
16.4 Useful Hints 119
Further Readings 120
References 120
Chapter 17: Gas Adsorption on Surface of Solid Materials 121
17.1 Introduction 121
17.2 What You Get 124
17.3 Essentials and Tips 125
17.4 Preparation of the Instrument 125
17.5 Preparation of Sample 125
17.6 Setting of Parameter 127
17.7 What to Look Out for 127
17.8 Understanding Your Data 127
17.9 Useful Hints 128
References 128
Chapter 18: Contact Angle Measurement for Solid Surface 130
18.1 Introduction 130
18.2 Wetting and Immersion 131
18.2.1 Spreading Wetting 131
18.2.2 Immersional Wetting 132
18.2.3 Adhesional Wetting 132
18.3 Measurement of the Contact Angle 133
18.3.1 ?/2 Method 133
18.3.2 Tangent Line Method 133
18.4 Determination of Critical Surface Tension 134
References 136
Chapter 19: Quality and Treatment of Water for Experiment Use 137
19.1 Impurity of Water for Experiment Use 137
19.2 Importance of the Quality of Water Used in Experiments 138
19.3 Types of Water Appropriate for Experiments 141
References 145