Hybrid Massive MIMO Precoding in Cloud-RAN (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 8
List of Acronyms 11
List of Symbols 13
List of Notations 14
1 Introduction 16
1.1 Scaling up MIMO Communications 16
1.2 Massive MIMO: Architecture, Challenges, and Opportunities 18
1.2.1 Hardware Architecture 18
1.2.2 Challenges and Opportunities 20
1.3 Theme and Organization of Monograph 22
References 25
2 Background 26
2.1 Linear Precoding and Combining for Point-to-Point MIMO 26
2.1.1 Baseband Digital Solutions for Conventional MIMO 26
2.1.2 Progressive Baseband Digital Solutions for Conventional MIMO ARQ 27
2.1.3 Hybrid RF-Baseband Solutions for Massive MIMO 29
2.2 Multi-User MIMO Precoding 33
2.2.1 Precoding for Conventional MIMO: From Linear to Nonlinear 33
2.2.2 Hybrid RF-Baseband Solutions for Massive MIMO 36
2.3 Summary 39
References 40
3 Hybrid Precoding and Combining for Massive MIMO Wireless Backhauling 44
3.1 Introduction 44
3.2 System Model and Problem Statement 45
3.3 Joint Nonuniform-Modulus RF Tx-Rx Design 52
3.4 RF Phase-Shifting Design by Matrix Reconstruction 55
3.4.1 Magnitude LS Formulation 55
3.4.2 AJD-Based Solution 58
3.5 Illustrative Results and Discussions 60
3.5.1 Simulation Setup 60
3.5.2 Effect of Limited RF Chains 61
3.5.3 Effect of Delay-Outage Constraints 63
3.5.4 Effect of Angle Spread 64
3.5.5 Computational Complexity 65
3.6 Summary 66
Appendix 1: Proof of Theorem 3.1 67
Appendix 2: Proof of Corollary 3.1 68
Appendix 3: Proof of Theorem 3.2 69
Appendix 4: Proof of Theorem 3.3 70
References 71
4 Hybrid Precoding/Combining for Massive MIMOwith Hybrid ARQ 73
4.1 Introduction 73
4.2 System Model and Problem Statement 74
4.3 Progressive Hybrid Precoding Design 78
4.4 Progressive Hybrid Combining Design 81
4.5 Illustrative Results and Discussions 83
4.5.1 Small M 84
4.5.2 Large M 85
4.5.3 Increasing Number of RF Chains 86
4.5.4 Impact of Angle Spread 87
4.5.5 Quantization of RF Precoder/Combiner 88
4.5.6 MSE 89
4.5.7 Complexity 90
4.6 Summary 90
Appendix 1: Proof of Theorem 4.1 91
References 94
5 Nonlinear Hybrid Precoding for Massive MIMO with Fractional Frequency Reuse 95
5.1 Introduction 95
5.2 System Model and Problem Statement 97
5.3 Joint Hybrid MMSE-VP Precoding 100
5.3.1 MSE-Based Problem Formulation 100
5.3.2 Statistical CSI-Based RF Precoding Design 102
5.3.2.1 Single-Cluster Transmission 102
5.3.2.2 Multi-Cluster Transmission 102
5.3.3 Statistical CSI-Based RF Phase-Shifting Design 106
5.4 Cluster-Wise Hybrid MMSE-VP Precoding 109
5.4.1 MSE-Based Problem Formulation 109
5.4.2 Modified MSE-Based RF Precoding Design 111
5.4.3 Statistical CSI-Based RF Phase-Shifting Design 113
5.5 Illustrative Results and Discussions 116
5.5.1 Simulation Setup 116
5.5.2 Single-Cluster Scenario 117
5.5.3 Multi-Cluster Scenario 118
5.6 Summary 121
Appendix 1: Proof of Theorem 5.1 122
Appendix 2: Proof of Lemma 5.1 123
Appendix 3: Proof of Theorem 5.2 123
Appendix 4: Derivation of Riemannian Gradient and Riemannian Hessian 124
Joint Hybrid MMSE-VP Precoding 124
Cluster-Wise Hybrid MMSE-VP Precoding 125
Appendix 5: Proof of Proposition 5.1 126
Appendix 6: Proof of Lemma 5.2 and Lemma 5.3 127
References 127
6 Nonlinear Hybrid Precoding for Massive MIMO with Universal Frequency Reuse 129
6.1 Introduction 129
6.2 System Model and Problem Statement 132
6.3 Hybrid Precoder Design with Centralized MMSE-VP 135
6.3.1 Robust Centralized Baseband Precoding 135
6.3.2 Joint RF-Baseband Precoding 140
6.4 Hybrid Precoder Design with Distributed MMSE-VP 145
6.4.1 Approximate BD-Based RF Beamforming 145
6.4.2 Robust Distributed Baseband Precoding 146
6.4.3 Joint RF-Baseband Precoding 147
6.5 Illustrative Results and Discussions 149
6.5.1 Simulation Setup 149
6.5.2 Performance Evaluation 150
6.6 Summary 152
Appendix 1: Proof of Theorem 6.1 154
Appendix 2: Proof of Theorem 6.2 154
References 156
7 Conclusions 158
7.1 Integration of Hybrid Precoding with C-RAN 158
7.2 Future Work 160
References 162