Powerful Pulsed Plasma Generators (eBook)

V. Kolikov: has been working at the Institute for Electromechanics, Academy of Science of USSR (now the Institute for Electrophysics and Electric Power, Russian Academy of Science) since 1967, first as a Laboratory Assistant and now as Vice Director. He has published 159 papers and one book, and holds five patents. In 2005 he received his Science Doctor Degree from the IEE RAS. A. Bogomaz: was born in Leningrad, USSR in 1943. He graduated from the Physical Faculty of Leningrad State University in 1967 and completed his Ph.D. in electrophysics at the Institute of Problems of Electrophysics (St.-Petersburg) in 1981. Now he is a leading researcher at the Institute for Electrophysics and Electric Power, Russian Academy of Sciences (IEE RAS, St. Petersburg). He is the author or co-author of more than 100 papers. His chief scientific interests are in the electrical technology and physics of high-current discharge in high and ultrahigh pressure gas.   A. Budin: was born in Frankfurt on Oder, Germany, in 1956. He received his M.S. degree from Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, Russia in 1979 and his Ph.D. degree in electrophysics from the Institute of Problems of Electrophysics in 1997. He is currently head of the laboratory at the Institute for Electrophysics and Electric Power, Russian Academy of Science. His main areas of scientific activity are the physics of high current arc discharges in dense gas media, electrodischarge accelerators and hypervelocity impact, pulse plasma generators and pulse power sources. He is the author or co-author of more than 160 papers. 

Foreword 6
Preface 7
Acknowledgements 10
Contents 11
Abbreviations 14
Symbols 15
1 Introduction 18
Abstract 18
References 26
2 Test Benches of the IEE RAS’ Pulsed Plasma Generators 30
Abstract 30
2.1 Construction and Equipment of the Test Benches 30
2.2 Power Supplies for Pulsed Plasma Generators 31
2.2.1 Capacitive Power Supply CPS-25 32
2.2.2 Capacitive Power Supply CPS-10 39
2.3 Components of Power Supply 42
2.4 Diagnostic Methods and Measurement Equipment 47
2.4.1 Initial Parameters of Experiment 47
2.4.2 Pulsed Current 48
2.4.3 Voltage Drop Across Arc 49
2.4.4 Pulsed Pressure 50
2.4.5 Optical Registration 53
2.4.6 X-ray Registration 55
2.4.7 Data Registration and Processing System 57
References 58
3 Pulsed Plasma Generators 60
Abstract 60
3.1 Types of Electrodischarge Chambers 60
3.2 IEE RAS’ Pulsed Plasma Generators 67
3.2.1 Design of Plasma Generators 68
3.3 Components of Plasma Generators’ Electrodischarge Chambers 78
References 89
4 Parameters of the Arc 90
Abstract 90
4.1 Resistance 91
4.2 Electric Field Intensity in Generator PPG-3 97
4.3 Current Density 104
4.4 Inductance 105
4.5 Temperature 105
References 109
5 Erosion of Electrodes 111
Abstract 111
5.1 Specific Erosion of Electrodes 111
5.2 Liquid and Vapor Erosions 117
5.3 Erosion as Electrode Jets 122
5.4 Erosion as Electrode Surface Layer Ejection 126
5.5 Erosion and Molecular Weight of Gas 130
References 132
6 Oscillations of Arc’s Diameter 134
Abstract 134
6.1 Acoustic Oscillations 134
6.2 Shock Wave Compression of Arc 137
6.3 Oscillations of Arc’s Diameter Caused by Magnetic and Gas Pressures 141
6.4 Oscillations of Soft X-rays Irradiation Intensity 143
References 147
7 Processes and Heat Transfer in Electrodischarge Chamber 149
Abstract 149
7.1 Arcing in Coaxial Discharge Chamber 149
7.2 Arc Movement 156
7.3 Heat Transfer from Arc to Gas 161
7.3.1 Irradiation 161
7.3.2 Thermal Conductivity 163
7.3.3 Turbulent Heat Transfer 164
7.3.4 Shock Waves 165
7.3.5 Shock Waves in Hydrogen 166
7.3.6 Shock Waves in Helium 166
7.3.7 Shock Waves in Air 170
7.3.8 Impact of Electrode Jets on Heat Transfer 173
7.4 Energy in Arc and Heat Transfer Components 177
References 178
8 Modes of Arcing 180
Abstract 180
8.1 Arc at Refractory Electrodes 181
8.2 Arc at Fusible Electrodes 184
8.3 Multipulse Mode 185
8.4 Two-Arc Mode 187
8.5 Programmable Mode 188
References 192
9 Arc Contraction: Modified Piza-Braginskii Critical Current 193
Abstract 193
9.1 Arc at Initial Hydrogen Pressure of 5 MPa 193
9.2 Discharge in Helium 198
9.3 500 kA Arc at Tungsten Electrodes 201
9.4 1.6 MA Arc at Steel Electrodes 206
9.5 Soft X-rays Irradiation 210
9.6 Heating of Hydrogen by X-ray Irradiation 211
9.7 Arc Glow Change at Contraction 212
References 213
10 Arc at Ultrahigh Pressure 215
Abstract 215
10.1 Arc in Pre-compressed Gas 215
10.2 Arc at Current of 220 KA 223
10.3 Arc at Current of 500 KA 229
10.4 Arc at Current of 2 MA 234
10.5 Critical Pisa-Braginskii Current 236
References 244
11 Energy Features of Plasma Generator 246
Abstract 246
11.1 Energy Transfer Coefficients 246
11.2 Simulation of Plasma Generators Processes 252
References 253
12 Applications of Pulsed Plasma Generators 254
Abstract 254
12.1 Application of Plasma Generators in Scientific Researches 254
12.2 Application of Plasma Generators for Toxic Substances Destruction 257
References 258
Index 259