Tellurite Glass Smart Materials (eBook)

Professor R. El-Mallawany is an Emeritus Professor of Solid State Physics at Menofia University, Egypt. He has taught physics for undergraduates & postgraduates for nearly four decades and has supervised and examined Ph.D. and M.Sc. theses at Egyptian and Arab Universities. He has also cooperated with American, European, and Asian universities concerning experimental & theoretical contributions in optical, electrical, thermal, elastic, and vibrational aspects of condensed matter physics Semiconducting Glasses. Prof. El-Mallawany both serves as a reviewer for international journals and has published numerous cited scientific articles, book chapters, and a handbook. Furthermore, Prof. El-Mallawany has deepened his involvement in the international community through organizing and advising materials science and glass conferences. He has been invited by the European Office of Aerospace Research & Development (EOARD) to present several seminars in his area of expertise, and by the International Materials Institute (IMI), USA to present five video seminars to help researchers all over the world. Prof. El-Mallawany is a consultant for a number of universities regarding evaluation of scientific work leading to professorship in solid state physics. He has been the recipient of three Egyptian national awards.

Contents 5
Contributors 7
Chapter 1: Some Physical Properties of Tellurite Glasses 10
1.1 Introduction 10
1.2 Thermal Properties 15
1.3 Optical Properties 15
1.4 Electrical Properties 16
1.5 Mechanical Properties 17
1.6 Applications 17
References 22
Chapter 2: Radiation Shielding Properties of Tellurite Glasses 26
2.1 Introduction 26
2.2 Mass Attenuation Coefficient, ?/? 27
2.3 Effective Atomic Numbers, Zeff 30
2.4 Half Value Layers, HVL, and Mean Free Path, MEP 31
2.5 Removal Cross Section for Fast Neutrons (R) 32
2.6 Exposure Buildup Factors, EBF 33
References 34
Chapter 3: Tellurite Glass Materials for Energy Conversion Technology and Lasers Devices 37
3.1 Introduction 37
3.2 Formation and Growth of Semiconductor Nanocrystals in Glasses 38
3.3 Formation and Growth of Semiconductor Nanocrystals in Glasses 40
3.4 Photon Conversion Processes of Rare-Earth-Doped Tellurite Glasses 43
3.5 PbTe Quantum-Dot Multilayers 49
3.6 CdS/CdTe Multijunctions for Solar Cell Applications 51
References 52
Chapter 4: Structural and Luminescence Properties of Tellurite Glasses for Laser Applications 53
4.1 Introduction 53
4.2 Experimental 55
4.3 Results and Discussion 56
4.3.1 Structural Properties: XRD and FTIR 56
4.3.2 Absorption Spectra and Bonding Parameters 58
4.3.3 Judd-Ofelt Analysis 60
4.3.4 Excitation-Emission Spectra 62
4.3.5 Radiative Properties 65
4.3.6 Yellow to Blue Intensity Ratio and White Light Generation 67
4.3.7 CIE Chromaticity Coordinates and CCT Values 68
4.3.8 Decay Curve Analysis 69
4.4 Conclusions 71
References 71
Chapter 5: Optothermal Properties of Vanadate-Tellurite Oxide Glasses and Some Suggested Applications 75
5.1 Introduction 76
5.2 Experimental Procedures for TeO2-Based Glasses: Sample´s Fabrication and Characterization Methods 77
5.3 Different Approaches on the Determination of Optical Bandgap with the Emphasis on DASF Method Introduction to Some Optica...
5.3.1 Tauc´s Method 79
5.3.2 Absorption Spectrum Fitting Method (ASF) 80
5.3.3 Derivation of Absorption Spectrum Fitting Method (DASF) 80
5.3.4 Some Optical and Structural Parameters: Optical Basicity, Electronic Polarizability, Molar Refractivity, Metallization F... 81
5.4 Optothermal Properties of Multicomponent Tellurite-Vanadate Oxide Glasses 83
5.4.1 Optical Bandgap and Some Related Optical and Structural Properties of TeO2-V2O5-AyOz (or A) Glasses 84
5.4.2 Calorimetric Aspects and Thermal Stability 97
5.4.2.1 Calorimetric Analysis and Characteristic Temperatures 97
5.4.2.2 Thermal Stability 99
5.4.3 Thermopower: Seebeck Effect 101
5.4.3.1 Titration Procedure 101
5.4.3.2 Thermopower and Applicability of Thermal Stable Glasses in Photovoltaic Pannels 103
5.5 Conclusions 107
References 108
Chapter 6: Optical Properties of Tellurite Glasses Embedded with Gold Nanoparticles 113
6.1 Introduction 114
6.2 Terminology of the Glassy State 116
6.3 Rare-Earth Oxides as Dopants 117
6.4 Nanoglass Plasmonic 121
6.5 Metallic NPs Embedded into RE-Doped Tellurite Glass 124
6.6 UV-Vis-NIR Absorption Spectroscopy 125
6.6.1 Energy Bandgap and Urbach Energy 131
6.6.2 Nephelauxetic Ratio and Bonding Parameter 137
6.7 Surface Plasmon Resonance 140
6.8 Photoluminescence Spectral Analysis 142
References 147
Chapter 7: Lanthanide-Doped Zinc Oxyfluorotellurite Glasses 151
7.1 Introduction 151
7.2 Glasses: From the Art to the Science 153
7.3 Preparation of Tellurite Glass: Physical and Structural Properties 154
7.4 Thermal Properties 158
7.5 Spectroscopic Properties of Rare-Earth Ion-Doped Glasses 160
7.5.1 Energy Levels of Lanthanide Ions 160
7.5.2 Lanthanide Ions in Different Hosts 161
7.5.3 Lifetime and Non-radiative Decays 163
7.5.4 Rare Earth´s Ion-Ion Interactions 164
7.5.5 Optical Fiber Amplifiers Based on Rare-Earth Ion Doping 166
7.5.6 Rate Equations 167
7.6 Recent Research on Rare-Earth-Doped Tellurite and Fluorotellurite Glasses 167
7.6.1 Er3+-Doped Glasses 167
7.6.2 Nd3+-Doped 175
7.6.3 Pr3+-Doped 177
7.6.4 Sm3+-Doped 180
7.7 Summary 181
References 181
Chapter 8: Optical Sensing Based on Rare-Earth-Doped Tellurite Glasses 186
8.1 Introduction 186
8.2 Luminescent Thermometers 188
8.3 Theoretical Backgrounds 191
8.4 Rare-Earth Ion-Doped Glasses for Thermal Sensing 194
8.4.1 Er3+-Doped Glasses 194
8.4.2 Nd3+-Doped Glasses 200
8.5 Summary 204
References 205
Chapter 9: NIR Emission Properties of RE3+ Ions in Multicomponent Tellurite Glasses 209
9.1 Introduction 209
9.2 Significance of Near-Infrared (NIR)Emissions and Their Applications 210
9.3 Multicomponent Tellurite Glass Hosts for the NIR Emission 211
9.4 Methods Employed for Fabrication of the TeO2-Based Multicomponent Glasses 213
9.5 Spectral Parameters Quantifying NIR Emission Properties 214
9.5.1 Absorption and Emission Cross Sections 214
9.5.2 McCumber Spectral Evaluation 215
9.5.3 Gain Spectra Characteristics 216
9.5.4 Lifetime Measurements 216
9.6 Lanthanide Ions Having NIR Emission and Their Electronic Energy Level Structure 217
9.6.1 Thulium 217
9.6.2 Praseodymium 219
9.6.3 Holmium 219
9.6.4 Neodymium 221
9.6.5 Erbium 222
9.7 Co-Doping 225
9.7.1 Rare Earths 225
9.7.2 Metal Nanoparticles 226
9.8 Upconversion Properties 227
9.9 Conclusions 227
References 228
Chapter 10: Tellurite Glasses: Solar Cell, Laser, and Luminescent Displays Applications 231
10.1 Introduction 232
10.2 Experimental Details 233
10.2.1 Method Used for the Production of the Tellurite Glasses 233
10.2.2 Characterization Techniques 233
10.3 Results and Discussion 235
10.3.1 Control and Improvement of the Photoluminescence Efficiency Due to the Nucleation of Gold NPs in Yb3+/Er3+-Doped TeO2-P... 235
10.3.2 Large Enhancement in the Blue-Red Spectrum Due to the Nucleation of Silver NPs in Tb3+-Doped TeO2 -ZnO-Na2O-PbO 237
10.3.3 Modification Introduced by Different Nd2O3 Concentration on the Laser Operation of TeO2-ZnO Glasses 240
10.3.4 Management of the Solar Spectrum Incident on a Solar Cell Using TeO2-ZnO Glasses Doped with Tb3+ and Yb3+ Ions as a Cov... 243
10.3.5 The Use of the Localized Surface Plasmon to Enhance the Performance of Solar Cell with Eu3+-Doped TeO2-ZnO Glasses with... 247
10.4 Conclusions 250
References 251
Chapter 11: Lanthanide-Doped Tellurite Glasses for Solar Energy Harvesting 254
11.1 Introduction 255
11.2 Downconversion/Quantum Cutting 258
11.3 Upconversion 266
11.4 Photocatalytic Activity 271
11.5 Conclusions 274
References 275
Chapter 12: Development of Bioactive Tellurite-Lanthanide Ions-Reinforced Hydroxyapatite Composites for Biomedical and Lumines... 279
12.1 Introduction 280
12.2 Fabrication of Te-Ln3+-HA Composites 281
12.3 Luminescence Performance of Ln3+ Ion-Doped Tellurite Host Glasses 282
12.4 Time-Resolved Decay Measurements of Different Glasses 284
12.5 Osteoblastic Cell Response of Te-Ln3+-HA Composites 288
12.5.1 Assessment of the Cell/Biomaterial Interaction: CLSM Analysis 288
12.5.2 Assessment of the Cell Proliferation and Functional Activity (ALP Activity) 290
References 291
Index 293