Advanced Computational and Communication Paradigms (eBook)

Dr. Siddhartha Bhattacharyya [FIETE, SMIEEE, SMACM, SMIETI, LMCSI, LMOSI, LMISTE, MIET (UK), MIAENG, MIRSS, MIAASSE, MCSTA, MIDES, MIISIP] did his Bachelors in Physics, Bachelors in Optics and Optoelectronics and Masters in Optics and Optoelectronics from University of Calcutta, India in 1995, 1998 and 2000 respectively. He completed PhD in Computer Science and Engineering from Jadavpur University, India in 2008. He is the recipient of the University Gold Medal from the University of Calcutta for his Masters. He is the recipient of the coveted Adarsh Vidya Saraswati Rashtriya Puraskar in 2016, Distinguished HoD and Distinguished Professor wards conferred by Computer Society of India, Mumbai Chapter, India in 2017 and Bhartiya Shiksha Ratan Award conferred by Economic Growth Foundation, New Delhi in 2017.  He received the NACF-SCRA, India award for Best Faculty for Research in 2017. He received Honorary Doctorate Award (D. Litt.) from The University of South America in 2017. He is also the recipient of the South East Asia Regional Computing Confederation (SEARCC) International Digital Award ICT Educator of the Year at Colombo, Sri Lanka in 2017. He is currently the Principal of RCC Institute of Information Technology, Kolkata, India. In addition, he is also serving as the Dean (Research and Development and Academic Affairs) of the institute. He is a co-author of 4 books and the co-editor of 8 books and has more than 170 research publications in international journals and conference proceedings to his credit. He has got a patent on intelligent colorimeter technology. Dr. Tapan K Gandhi is currently working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Delhi and also research affiliate to MIT, USA. He received his Ph.D. fellowship from PROJECT Prakash (MIT, USA) and obtained his Ph.D. from IIT Delhi in Biomedical Engineering. Following his Ph.D., he has spent 3+ years as postdoctoral research scientist at MIT, USA. Dr. Gandhi was also awarded an INSPIRE Faculty in the engineering & technology category of the Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India. His research expertise spans from computational neuroscience, brain imaging, assistive technology, bio-medical instrumentation, machine learning, cognitive computing to artificial intelligence. He has published papers in top ranking journals like Nature, PNAS, Current Biology, PloS Biology. He has more than 60 publications in International journals and conference proceedings. He is PI & Co-PI of projects from industry as well as Govt. of India organizations. Dr. Kalpana Sharma is currently Professor and Head of Computer Science and Engineering Department at Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim Manipal University. She has pursued her B.E. from National Institute of Technology, Silchar, M.Tech from Indian Institute of Technology, Khargpur and Ph.D. from Sikkim Manipal University. She has over 19 years of experience in academics. She is currently guiding two research scholars in the allied fields. She has 29 research publications in various national and international journals and conferences. Her area of interest includes security in wireless sensor networks (WSN) and real time systems. She has authored a book in WSN. She has executed many funded projects in the fields related to security in WSN and real time task scheduling. Dr. Paramartha Dutta, born 1966, is B.Stat (Hons.) (ISI, Calcutta), M. Stat (ISI, Calcutta), M. Tech (Computer Science; ISI, Calcutta) and Ph.D. (Engineering; IIEST, Shibpur), SMIEEE, SMACM, SMIACSIT, FIETE, FIE, FOSI, LMISTE, LMIUPRAI, LMISCA having academic experience of about 23 years. He is presently a Professor in the Department of Computer and System Sciences, Visva Bharati University. He has co-authored eight books and has also seven edited book to his credit. He has published more than 200 papers in various journals and conference proceedings, both international and national as well as several book chapters in edited volumes of reputed international publishing house like Elsevier, Springer-Verlag, CRC Press, John Wiley, etc. Dr. Dutta has guided four scholars and is guiding six for their Ph.D. Dr. Dutta has served as guest editor of special volumes of international journals published by publishers such as Elsevier, Springer, etc.    

Preface 7
Contents 9
About the Editors 15
Design of Low-Noise Amplifier with High CMRR for Sensor Application 17
1 Introduction 17
2 Available Topologies for Low-Noise Amplifier 17
2.1 OLN Topology 18
2.2 CFN Topology 18
2.3 MIFN Topology 19
3 Noise Efficiency Factor (NEF) 20
4 Differential Difference Amplifier (DDA) 20
4.1 Reported Works on DDA 21
5 Simulation Result 22
5.1 AC Response 22
5.2 CMRR and Noise Analysis 23
6 Conclusion 24
References 25
Performance Improvement of WiMAX (IEEE 802.16d) Using Combined RS–CC Forward Error Channel Coding Technique 27
1 Introduction 27
2 Simulation Model Implemented 28
3 Results and Discussion 28
4 Conclusion and Future Directions 33
References 34
A Hybrid Control Algorithm for Extraction of Voltage Harmonics to Mitigate Power Quality Problems Using UPQC 35
1 Introduction 35
2 Mathematical Model of Control Techniques for UPQC 36
2.1 An Algorithm to Generate Pulses of Series Converter 36
2.1.1 Under Normal Steady State Condition 37
2.1.2 Under Voltage Sag Condition of the AC Mains 38
2.1.3 Under Voltage Swell Condition of the AC Mains 39
2.2 An Algorithm to Generate Pulses of Shunt Converter 39
3 Real Results and Discussion 41
3.1 Performance of Hybrid Control Algorithm for Series Converter of UPQC Under Various Conditions of AC Mains 41
3.2 Performance of Shunt Control Algorithm Under Various Conditions of AC Mains 42
3.3 Performance Analysis of Harmonics Spectrum 42
3.4 Active and Reactive Power Sharing 43
4 Conclusion 45
References 46
Comparative Performance of the Various Control Techniques to Mitigate the Power Quality Events Using UPQC 47
1 Introduction 47
2 IGBT Gate Firing Techniques of UPQC 48
2.1 Techniques to Fire the Gate of IGBT-Based Series Converters of UPQC 48
2.1.1 Power Angle Control Technique 48
2.1.2 Quadrature Angle Technique 49
2.1.3 Zero and 180° Angle Techniques 49
2.2 Technique to Fire the Gate of IGBT-Based Shunt Converters of UPQC 50
2.2.1 Control Theory for IGBT Shunt Converter 50
3 Results and Discussions 52
4 Conclusion 55
References 55
A Mobile Health Intervention to Support TB Eradication Programme for Adherence to Treatment and a Novel QR Code Based Technique to Monitor Patient–DOTS Provider Interaction 57
1 Introduction 57
2 Literature Survey 57
3 Methodology 58
4 TB Track Application 59
4.1 TB Patient Mobile App 59
4.2 TB Track DOTS Provider Mobile App 64
4.3 TB Track Web Application 66
4.4 TB Track Database 67
4.5 TB Track SMS Communication 68
5 Pilot Testing and Discussion 68
5.1 Outcome 68
6 Conclusion 69
Acknowledgements 69
References 69
Modeling and Behavioral Simulation of PID-Controlled Phase-Locked Loop 71
1 Introduction 71
1.1 Brief Overview of PLL 71
2 Related Works 72
3 Objective and Methodology 73
4 Theoretical Estimation for the PLL Components 73
4.1 Estimation for PFD 73
4.2 Estimation for VCO 74
4.3 Estimation for LF 74
4.4 Estimation for FD 75
4.5 Estimation for PID Controller 75
4.6 The System TF of the Model 75
4.6.1 System TF with LF 75
4.6.2 System TF with PID Controller 76
5 Simulations 76
5.1 Simulation for Settling Time 76
5.2 Simulation for PM and System BW 78
6 Results and Discussion 78
7 Conclusion 81
Acknowledgements 81
References 81
Deviant Calcium Channels: Role in Ventricular Arrhythmias—A Computational Study on Human Ventricular Tissue 83
1 Introduction 83
2 Methods and Materials 85
2.1 General 85
2.2 2D Array of Ventricular Cell with Gap Junction 85
2.3 Preparation of Failure Calcium Channels 86
3 Results and Discussions 87
4 Conclusions 91
References 92
Modeling and Simulation of 1/f Noise During Threshold Switching for Phase Change Memory 93
1 Introduction 93
2 Modeling and Simulation of 1/F Noise in Threshold Switching 94
3 PCM Transient Simulation with 1/f Noise Fluctuations 96
4 Effect of PCM Device Scaling on Threshold Switching Considering 1/f Noise 97
5 Conclusion 99
References 99
Pilot Subcarrier Based Channel Estimation in OFDM System 100
1 Introduction 100
2 Related Work 100
3 Pilot Patterns 101
4 Pilot Symbol M-ary Modulation 102
4.1 Proposed Algorithm 103
5 Simulation Results 104
6 Conclusion 106
References 106
Spectrum Allocation in Cognitive Radio Networks—A Centralized Approach 108
1 Introduction 108
2 Related Works 109
3 Spectrum Sharing Mechanism for CRN 109
3.1 System Model 109
3.2 Sharing Mechanism 110
4 Performance Evaluation 111
5 Conclusion 116
References 116
Mixing Test Set Generation for Bridging and Stuck-at Faults in Reversible Circuit 117
1 Introduction 117
2 Background 118
2.1 Reversible Logic Circuits 118
2.2 Fault Models in Reversible Circuit 118
3 Proposed Method 120
3.1 Fault Description List 120
3.2 Test Set Generation Algorithm for Single-Input Bridging Fault 120
3.3 Test Set Generation Algorithm for Single-Input Stuck-at Fault 122
4 Experimental Results 123
5 Conclusion 125
References 125
A Comparative Study of Biopotentials Acquired from Left and Right Hands of Human Subjects 126
1 Introduction 126
2 Acquisition of Biopotentials 127
3 Analysis of Acquired Potentials 128
3.1 Raw Biopotential Signals 128
3.2 Bias of the Biopotential Signals 130
3.3 Differential Bias (diff) 131
4 Conclusions 132
5 Declaration 133
References 133
Real-Time Bottle Detection Using Histogram of Oriented Gradients 134
1 Introduction 134
2 Problem Statement 135
3 System Overview 135
3.1 Database 135
3.2 Preprocessing 136
3.3 HOG Feature Extraction 136
3.4 Sliding Window 138
4 Experimental Results 139
5 Conclusions 140
References 140
Global Scenario of Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Materials 142
1 Introduction 142
2 Classification 142
3 Conventionally Used Material Technologies 143
3.1 Crystalline Material 143
3.1.1 Monocrystalline Silicon 143
3.1.2 Polycrystalline Silicon 143
3.1.2 Polycrystalline Silicon 143
3.1.3 Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) 144
3.2 Thin-Film Material 145
3.2.1 Amorphous Silicon 145
3.2.2 Cadmium telluride (CdTe or CdS/CdTe) 145
3.2.3 Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide (CIS/CGS/CIGS) 146
4 Emerging PV Technologies 146
4.1 Organic/Polymer Material 146
4.2 Hybrid Technology 147
4.3 Quantum Dots 147
5 Conclusion 147
References 148
A 50 MHz–4 GHz Low-Noise Amplifier for Wideband Applications 150
1 Introduction 150
2 LNA Topologies 151
3 Proposed Circuit 153
4 Simulation Results 154
5 Conclusions 155
Acknowledgements 156
References 156
DEM Reconstruction for Mizoram Area Using CARTOSAT Data and Preserving it by Cloud Computing Method 157
1 Introduction 157
2 Objective of the Study 158
3 Terrain Characteristics of the Mizoram 158
4 Methodology 159
4.1 DEM Generation Using OPTICAL Data 159
4.2 DEM Generation Using Field GCP 159
4.3 Mosaic 160
4.4 DEM Generation Using RADARSAT 1 Data 160
4.5 Data Fusion or Merging 160
5 Architecture of the New Application 161
6 Flow Diagram for the Application 162
7 Result and Discussion 162
8 Conclusions 163
Acknowledgements 164
References 164
Statistical Viability Analysis and Optimization Through Gate Sizing 165
1 Introduction 165
2 False Path Detection 166
2.1 False Path 166
2.2 Static Sensitization 166
2.3 Dynamic Sensitization 167
2.4 Viability Analysis 167
3 Gate Sizing 169
4 Results 169
5 Conclusion 171
References 171
A Decision Support System in Healthcare Prediction 172
1 Introduction 172
2 Background Study of Decision Support System (DSS) in Healthcare Prediction 174
2.1 Information Gain 175
2.2 Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC ROC) 175
3 Proposed Healthcare Decision Support System 177
3.1 Experimental Setup of Proposed DSS 179
3.2 Implementation of Decision Support System 179
3.3 Comparative Analysis 181
4 Conclusion and Future Direction of Work 182
References 182
Random Forests in the Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy Retinal Images 184
1 Introduction 184
2 Related Work 185
3 Proposed Methodology 185
3.1 Feature Selection 186
3.2 Random Forest Classifier 188
3.3 Algorithm of Random Forest Classifier 188
4 Results and Analysis 189
5 Conclusion 191
References 191
Performance Evaluation of M2M and H2H Communication Coexistence in Shared LTE: A DLMS/COSEM-Based AMI Network Scenario 193
1 Introduction 193
2 Related Work 194
3 AMI Component Models in NS-3 195
4 Experiments and Evaluation 196
4.1 The Simulation Scenario in NS-3 196
4.2 Simulation Results and Analysis 197
5 Conclusions 200
5.1 Future Work 201
References 201
Smart Device for Ensuring Women Safety Using Android App 202
1 Introduction 202
2 Literature Review 202
2.1 Problems in Existing System 203
2.2 Motivation 203
2.3 Objectives 204
3 Materials and Methods 204
4 Results and Discussion 205
5 Conclusion 212
Acknowledgements 212
References 212
Characteristics Analysis of Si0.5Ge0.5 Doping-Less PNPN TFET 214
0 1 Introduction 214
0 2 Device Structure and Simulation Parameters 215
0 3 Results and Discussion 216
0 4 Conclusion 218
References 219
Logical Implication to Reduce Run Time Memory Requirement and Searches During LZW Decompression 220
1 Introduction 220
2 Notation and Propositions 221
2.1 Complement Operation 221
2.2 Logical Implication for Encoding and Decoding Patterns 222
3 The MSED Technique 223
3.1 Modified Dictionary of LZW Compressor 223
3.2 Modified Dictionary of LZW Decompressor 223
3.3 Example of MSED Technique 224
4 Improvements in Standard LZW Algorithm 226
5 Conclusion 227
Acknowledgements 227
References 227
Detection of Schizophrenia Disorder from Ventricle Region in MR Brain Images via Hu Moment Invariants Using Random Forest 229
1 Introduction 229
2 Database 230
2.1 Image Database 230
3 Segmentation 230
3.1 Multiplicative Intrinsic Component Optimization (MICO) 230
4 Validation Measures 231
5 Hu Moment Invariants 231
6 Random Forest Classifier 232
7 Results and Discussion 232
8 Conclusions 237
Informed consent 237
References 238
Non-invasive Anaemia Detection by Analysis of Conjunctival Pallor 240
1 Introduction 240
2 Related Work 240
3 Objective 242
4 Proposed Solution 242
5 Research Methodology 243
5.1 Research Design 243
5.2 Conjunctival Sample Collection 243
5.3 Image Processing 243
5.4 Laboratory Haemoglobin Measurement 244
6 Results 244
7 Limitations 245
8 Conclusion and Future Scope 246
References 246
Design and Implementation of Portable and Compact Human Heartbeat Rate Monitoring System 248
1 Introduction 248
2 Related Works 249
3 Proposed Methodology 250
4 Circuit Implementation 251
4.1 The Sensor Circuit 251
4.2 The Filter and Amplifier Circuit 251
4.3 The Comparator Circuit 252
4.4 Interfacing and Processing 252
5 System Calibration 253
6 Result and Discussion 254
7 Conclusion 255
Acknowledgements 255
References 255
Implementation of a Secure and Efficient Routing Algorithm for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks 257
1 Introduction 257
1.1 Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks 257
1.2 Basic Characteristics 257
2 Related Work 258
3 Proposed Algorithm 259
4 Simulation Environment 261
4.1 Simulation Results 262
5 Conclusion 264
References 264
Design and Analysis of Optimized Hybrid Active Power Filter for Electric Arc Furnace Load 266
1 Introduction 266
2 System Modeling 267
2.1 Modeling of Electric Arc Furnace 267
2.2 Vigorous Nature of Electric Arcs 267
2.3 Design of Hybrid Filter 268
2.4 Controller Design 269
2.5 Objective Function 269
3 Optimization Technique 270
3.1 Genetic Algorithm 270
3.2 Particle Swarm Optimization 270
3.3 Harmony Search Algorithm 270
4 Results and Discussion 271
4.1 Simulation Result of Shunt Hybrid Active Filter 271
5 Conclusion 273
References 273
To Detect the Influencers in a Dynamic Co-authorship Network Using Heat-Diffusion Model 275
1 Introduction 275
2 The Problem Statement 276
3 The Proposed Method 276
3.1 Heat Diffusion in Initial Static Graph 277
3.2 Heat Diffusion in Dynamic Evolving Graph 278
4 The Experimental Results 280
4.1 Dataset 280
4.2 Experimental Evaluation 280
5 Conclusion and Scope for Further Work 282
Acknowledgements 283
References 283
Efficient Word2Vec Vectors for Sentiment Analysis to Improve Commercial Movie Success 285
1 Introduction 285
2 Related Work 286
3 Proposed Model for Gross Prediction 286
3.1 Data Collection and Preprocessing 286
3.2 Modeling 288
4 & !emsp
4.1 Data Collection and Preparation 290
4.2 Vectorization 290
5 Conclusion and Future Work 295
References 295
Improving the Utilization of Licensed Spectrum in Cognitive Radio 296
1 Introduction 296
2 Analysis of CDR, CFAR Principles, and CDR–OSA Scheme 297
3 The Proposed Approach 299
4 Results and Analysis 302
5 Conclusion 303
References 303
SmarThings: An Utility Service for Wireless Home Automation, Health Monitoring, and Surveillance System 304
1 Introduction 304
2 Related Work 305
3 Proposed Framework 306
4 Implementation 309
5 Result and Performance Analysis 310
6 Conclusion and Future Work 311
6.1 Conclusion 311
6.2 Future Work 311
References 312
Speech Background Noise Removal Using Different Linear Filtering Techniques 313
1 Introduction 313
2 Adaptive Filtering 313
2.1 Least Mean Square Algorithm (LMS) 314
2.2 Normalized Least Mean Square Algorithm (NLMS) 315
3 Kalman Filter 315
4 Experimental Details 316
5 Comparison 318
6 Conclusion 322
References 322
Neural Network Classification of EEG Signal for Detection of Brain Abnormalities 324
1 Introduction 324
2 Related Work 325
3 Proposed System 325
3.1 Signal Acquisition 326
3.2 Preprocessing and Segmentation 326
3.3 Feature Extraction 326
3.4 Classification 326
4 Simulation Results 327
5 Conclusion 331
Acknowledgements 332
References 332
Measurement of Walking Speed from EMG Signal using Kurtosis of Approximate Coefficients 333
1 Introduction 333
2 EMG Signal Acquisition of VM, TA, GnL 334
3 Assessment of Walking Speeds using EMG Signal in Time Domain 336
4 Assessment of Speeds using Kurtosis of Approximate Coefficient from EMG Signal 336
4.1 Determination of Kurtosis of Approximate Coefficients (KA) 337
4.2 Optimization of Level of Decomposition for Speed Measurement 337
5 Algorithm 339
6 Validation of Algorithm based on Optimized Level 339
7 Conclusions 340
Acknowledgements 340
References 340
GAE: A Novel Approach for Software Workflow Improvement by Unhidding Hidden Transactions 342
1 Introduction 342
1.1 The Event Log as Main Focus of Analysis 342
2 Literature Review 344
3 Proposed Algorithm with Procedure with a Sample Case Study 345
4 Comparison Analysis 347
5 Results and Outcomes 350
6 Conclusion and Future Work 350
Lung Cancer Detection in CT Scans of Patients Using Image Processing and Machine Learning Technique 352
1 Introduction 352
2 Materials and Methods 353
2.1 Image Preprocessing 353
2.1.1 DICOM and Hounsfield Units Conversion of Input Pixel Data 353
2.1.2 Resampling of HU-Converted Values 354
2.1.3 Segmentation of Resampled Pixel Data 355
2.1.4 Resizing of Images 356
2.1.5 Standardization 357
3 Machine Learning 357
4 Experimental Results and Discussions 358
5 Future Scope 359
6 Conclusion 359
Acknowledgments 360
References 360
Implementation of Lifting Scheme Discrete Wavelet Transform Using Modified Multiplier 361
1 Introduction 361
2 Lifting Scheme 361
3 Proposed Multiplier 363
4 ASIC Implementation Results 365
5 Conclusion 365
References 366
Evolutionary Algorithms to Minimize Interaction Energy Between Drug Molecule and Target Protein in Streptococcus 367
1 Introduction 367
2 Bacteria Protein 367
3 Proposed Algorithms 368
3.1 For Docking Energy Minimization with Evolutionary Algorithm—GA 368
3.2 For Docking Energy Minimization with Evolutionary Algorithm—PSO 369
4 Ligand Tree Structure 369
4.1 Necessary Setup 370
4.2 Experiment 372
4.3 Result 374
5 Conclusion 374
References 374
Assessment of the Fetal Health Using NI-aECG 376
1 Introduction 376
1.1 Noninvasive Fetal ECG Extraction Techniques 377
2 Method I: Extraction of FQRS Using Independent Component Analysis 378
3 Proposed Method II: Synthesized QRS Template 378
3.1 Generation of the Synthesized QRS Waveforms 379
4 Results and Discussions 380
4.1 ICA Method Results 380
4.2 Results of the Proposed Synthesized QRS Template and Pulse Matching 381
5 Conclusion 382
References 383
Cost-Effective Vertical Handoff Strategies in Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks 385
1 Introduction 385
2 VHO Decision with Inter-distance APs 386
2.1 Cost Minimization Approach 386
2.2 Transmit Time Minimization Approach 387
3 VHO Decision Based on Statistical Inter-distance APs 387
4 VHO Decision Including V2V Mode 388
4.1 Ad hoc Network Delay 388
4.2 Wi-Fi and Ad hoc Network 389
4.3 Combination of Cellular, Wi-Fi, and Ad hoc Network 389
5 Performance Evolution 390
5.1 VHO Decision with Fixed Inter-AP Distance 390
5.2 VHO Decision with Statistical Inter-AP Distance 391
5.3 VHO Decision Including V2V Mode 391
6 Conclusions 392
References 392
Energy-Efficient Optimum Design for Massive MIMO 394
1 Introduction 394
2 System Model 395
3 Generic Modal of Energy Efficiency (EE) 395
3.1 Circuit Power Consumption Model 396
3.2 Energy Efficiency Optimization with ZF Processing 397
4 Numerical Results 399
5 Conclusion 401
References 401
Reckoning of Music Rhythm Density and Complexity through Mathematical Measures 403
1 Introduction 403
2 Related Works 404
3 Proposed Work 404
4 Result Set Analysis 406
5 Conclusion 409
References 409
Medical Diagnostic Models an Implementation of Machine Learning Techniques for Diagnosis in Breast Cancer Patients 411
1 Introduction 411
1.1 General Overview 411
1.2 Literature Survey 411
2 Design Strategy 413
2.1 Elicitation of Outcomes and Findings from Patient Data 413
2.2 Workflow 414
3 Implementation Details 414
3.1 Attribute Correlation Analysis 414
3.2 Preliminary Tasks Prior to Training 414
4 Results and Discussion 417
4.1 Comparison of Accuracies of Individual Models 419
4.2 Comparison with Existing Results 419
5 Conclusion 420
References 420
Breast Blood Perfusion (BBP) Model and Its Application in Differentiation of Malignant and Benign Breast 422
1 Introduction 422
2 Proposed System 423
2.1 Preprocessing 423
2.2 Breast Blood Perfusion (BBP) Image Generation 424
2.3 Feature Extraction 426
3 Experimental Results 427
4 Conclusion 428
Acknowledgements 429
References 429
Development and Feasibility Studies of a Device for Early Prediction of Asthma Attack 430
1 Introduction 430
2 Theoretical Background 431
3 Materials 432
4 Methodology 432
4.1 Overview of the Method 432
4.2 Principle 433
4.3 Procedural Steps 433
4.4 Program Algorithm 434
5 Results and Discussion 434
5.1 Calibration of Temperature Sensor Along with Signal Conditioning Unit 434
5.2 Performance Study of the Device 435
6 Conclusion 436
References 437
Game Theory for Vertical Handoff Decisions in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks: A Tutorial 438
1 Introduction 438
2 Game Theory: An Overview 439
3 Game Formulation for VHO 442
3.1 Game Between Mobile Users 442
3.2 Game Between Wireless Networks 443
3.3 Game Between Mobile Users and Wireless Networks 443
4 Game Solution Using NASH Equilibrium 444
4.1 Performance Measures of a Game 444
5 Conclusion 445
References 445
Downlink Spectral Efficiency of ZF Precoding Based Multi-user MIMO System Over Weibull Fading Channel 447
1 Introduction 447
2 System and Channel Model 448
3 Simulation Results and Discussion 449
4 Conclusion 452
References 452
Product Recommendation System Using Support Vector Machine 454
1 1 Introduction 454
2 2 Literature Survey 454
3 3 System Design: Proposed System 456
3.1 Detailed Architecture 456
4 4 Implementation and Results 460
4.1 Review Aggregation 461
5 5 Conclusion 461
6 6 Future Work 462
References 462
A Master Map: An Alternative Approach to Explore Human’s Eye Fixation for Generating Ground Truth Based on Various State-of-the-Art Techniques 463
1 Introduction 463
2 Requirement of Combined Saliency Map 464
3 Various State-of-the-Art Methods to Compute Saliency Map 464
3.1 Frequency-Tuned Salient Region Detection 464
3.2 Minimum Barrier Salient Object Detection Methods 465
3.3 Context-Aware Saliency 465
4 Proposed Saliency Map for Generating Ground Truth 466
4.1 Saliency Map Generation Using Various Methods and Resizing 466
4.2 Proposed “Master Map” Through “Saliency Maps” Fusion 467
5 Experiment Validation and More Results 467
6 Conclusion 468
References 468
Application of Fuzzy Clustering for Selection of Coating Materials for MEMS Sensor Array 470
1 Introduction 470
2 Fish Spoilage Markers and Polymer Selection 472
3 MEMS Sensor Model 473
4 Data Generation 475
5 Results and Discussion 476
6 Conclusion and Future Work 478
Acknowledgments 478
References 478
Design of H Infinity /left( {H_{/infty } } /right) Controller for Twin Rotor MIMO System (TRMS) Based on Linear Matrix Inequalities 481
1 Introduction 481
2 Mathematical Modeling 482
3 Design of Decoupler 484
4 Design of H Infinity Controller 484
5 Simulation Results 486
5.1 Time Response Analysis 486
5.2 Robustness Analysis: Plots for Nominal Model with 50% Increment and Decrement in Moment of Inertia of Main and Tail Rotor 487
6 Conclusion 488
Appendix 488
References 489
Development of a Prototype Skin Color Monitor for Noninvasive Estimation of Blood Bilirubin 490
1 Introduction 490
2 Theoretical Backgrounds 490
3 Materials and Methods 491
3.1 Components 491
3.2 System Overview 491
3.3 Program Algorithm 493
3.4 Calibrating the Device 493
3.5 Statistics of Subjects 493
4 Results 494
4.1 Selecting the Measuring Sites 494
4.2 Performance Study 494
5 Discussion 495
6 Conclusion and Future Scope 495
References 496
Noise Removing Filters and Its Implementation on FPGA 497
1 Introduction 497
2 Filtering Algorithm 497
2.1 Convolution Operation 497
2.2 Gaussian Filter 497
2.3 Mean Filter 498
2.4 Median Filter 498
3 Implementation 499
3.1 Implementation Steps for Gaussian and Average Filters on Xilinx ISE 499
3.2 Median Filter Implementation 500
4 Results 501
4.1 Resource Utilization 501
4.2 Resultant Filtered Images 502
5 Conclusion 504
References 504
A Novel Unsupervised Framework for Retinal Vasculature Segmentation 506
1 Introduction 506
2 Related Work 507
3 Proposed Method 508
3.1 Preprocessing 508
3.2 Image Enhancement 509
3.3 Vessel Segmentation 510
4 Experimental Evaluation 512
4.1 Performance Evaluation 512
4.2 Vessel Segmentation Result and Analysis 512
5 Conclusion 512
References 512
Stochastic Resonance in Bagley-Torvik Equation 514
1 Introduction 514
2 Bagley-Torvik Equation with Frequency Noise 515
3 Solution 515
4 Results and Discussion 518
5 Conclusion 520
Acknowledgements 520
References 520
Classification of Brain MRIs Forming Superpixels 522
1 Introduction 522
2 Previous Works 522
3 Methodology 524
3.1 Dataset Acquisition 524
3.2 Segmentation 525
3.3 Feature Extraction and Classification 526
4 Results and Discussion 527
4.1 Classification Rates and Performance Validation 527
4.2 Comparison with the Other CAD Systems 528
5 Conclusion 529
Acknowledgements 529
References 529
Damping Noise Induced Stochastic Resonance Improves Q-Factor of M/NEMS Resonators 531
0 1 Introduction 531
0 2 Cantilever Dynamics and Damping Fluctuations 532
0 3 Numerical Results and Discussion 535
0 4 Conclusion 538
Acknowledgements 538
References 538
Finding the Association of mRNA and miRNA Using Next Generation Sequencing Data of Kidney Renal Cell Carcinoma 540
1 Introduction 540
2 Proposed Method 541
3 Experimental Results 542
3.1 Datasets 542
3.2 Results 542
3.3 Biological Significance 544
4 Conclusion 548
References 549
Investigations on Failure and Reliability Aspects of Service Oriented Computing Based on Different Deployment Techniques 551
1 Introduction 551
2 Related Work 551
3 Key Objectives and Methodology 552
3.1 Algorithm and Time Complexity of BL Method 553
4 Testing and Analysis 554
4.1 Reliability Aspects 557
5 Results and Discussion 557
6 Conclusion 557
References 558
Data Fusion by Truncation in Wireless Sensor Network 560
1 Introduction 560
1.1 Wireless Sensor Network 560
1.2 Data Fusion in Wireless Sensor Network 560
2 Literature Survey 561
3 Proposed Solution Strategy 562
4 Inferences 563
5 Conclusion 566
6 Future Scope 567
References 567
Optimized Coordinated Economic Load Dispatch and Automatic Generation Control for an Interlinked Power System 568
1 Introduction 568
2 Problem Identification 569
3 Mathematical Modeling 569
4 Optimization Techniques 571
4.1 Genetic Algorithm 572
4.2 Ant Colony Optimization 572
4.3 Firefly Algorithm 572
4.4 Harmony Search Algorithm 573
5 Results and Discussions 573
6 Conclusion 575
References 575
Selection of Colour Correction Algorithms for Calibrating Optical Chronic Ulcer Images 577
1 Introduction 577
2 Materials and Methods 578
2.1 Notations 578
2.2 Chronic Wound Sample Image Database Development 578
2.3 Colour Constancy 578
3 Results and Discussion 584
4 Conclusion 584
References 585
Designing a Scalable Socio-Technical Method for Evaluating Large e-Governance Systems 587
1 Introduction 587
2 Related Work 588
3 Proposed Evaluation Process 590
3.1 Requirements Gathering 591
3.2 Identification of Quality Attributes 591
3.3 Evaluation of the Quality Attributes and Prioritization 591
4 Experiments 592
5 Conclusion 595
References 595
A Low-Noise Low-Cost EEG Amplifier for Neural Recording Applications 597
1 1 Introduction 597
2 2 Methodology 598
2.1 System Design 598
2.2 Circuit Description 599
3 3 Experimental Results and Discussion 601
4 4 Conclusion 604
References 604
Author Index 606