Proceedings of the International Conference on Martensitic Transformations: Chicago (eBook)

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Preface 5
Contents 6
International Conference on Martensitic Transformations Plenary 10
1 Phase Transformations Under High Pressure and Large Plastic Deformations: Multiscale Theory and Interpretation of Experiments 11
Abstract 11
Introduction 11
Pressure-Induced Versus Strain-Induced Phase Transformations Under High Pressure 12
Nanoscale Continuum Treatment: Phase Field Approach 12
Lattice Instability Criteria: PFA Approach and MD Simulations 13
Microscale Strain Controlled Kinetic Equations 13
Macroscale Modeling Coupled Phase Transformation and Plastic Flow of a Sample in DAC and RDAC 14
Concluding Remarks 16
Acknowledgements 17
References 17
Theory and Methods for Martensite Design 19
2 Activation Energy of Time-Dependent Martensite Formation in Steel 20
Abstract 20
Introduction 20
Materials and Methods 22
Results and Discussion 22
From Isothermal and Isochronal Transformation Curves to Sub-zero Celsius Transformation Diagrams 22
Assessment of Activation Energy for Martensite Formation 23
Conclusions 25
Acknowledgements 25
References 25
3 The Effects of Prior-? Grain Boundary Segregation of Phosphorus, Manganese and Molybdenum on Intergranular Fracture Stress in Low Carbon Martensite Steels 27
Abstract 27
Introduction 27
Experiments 27
Experimental Results 28
Discussion 28
Summary 29
References 29
4 Effect of Molybdenum Content on Hardenability of Boron and Molybdenum Combined Added Steels 30
Abstract 30
Introduction 30
Experimental Procedure 30
Results 31
Effect of Mo on the Hardenability 31
Precipitation Behavior 31
Discussion 32
Conclusions 32
References 32
5 Interaction of Martensitic Microstructures in Adjacent Grains 34
Abstract 34
Description of Problem 34
Rank-One Connections Between Energy Wells 35
Main Results 36
Discussion 37
Acknowledgements 38
References 38
6 Different Cooling Rates and Their Effect on Morphology and Transformation Kinetics of Martensite 39
Abstract 39
Introduction 39
Experimental 40
Results 41
Discussion 43
Conclusions 44
Acknowledgements 44
References 44
Interactions of Phase Transformations and Plasticity 45
7 TRIP Effect in a Constant Load Creep Test at Room Temperature 46
Abstract 46
Introduction 46
Experimental 46
Results and Discussion 47
Summary 49
References 49
8 Modeling of Strain-Induced Phase Transformations Under High Pressure and Shear 50
Abstract 50
Introduction 50
Problem Formulation 50
Geometry and Boundary Conditions 50
Complete System of Equations 51
Material Model 51
Friction Model 51
Material Parameters and Numerical Procedure 51
Evolution of Stress and Plastic Strain Fields During HPT 52
Concluding Remarks 53
Acknowledgements 53
References 53
9 Modeling the Microstructure Evolutions of NiTi Thin Film During Tension 55
Abstract 55
Introduction 55
Model Description 55
Simulation Results 57
Acknowledgements 58
References 58
10 Residual Stress and Texture Evolution on Surface of 304L TRIP Steel Sheet Subjected to FLC Test 60
Abstract 60
Introduction 60
Methodology 62
Results and Discussion 63
Conclusion 65
Acknowledgements 65
References 65
11 An Investigation on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled Medium Manganese TRIP Steel 67
Abstract 67
Introduction 67
Experiment Methods 67
The Experimental Results 68
Mechanical Behavior 68
Microstructure 68
Discussion 70
Conclusion 70
References 70
12 Correlation Between Deformation Texture and Martensitic Transformation in TWIP/TRIP Steels on Multiscale 72
Abstract 72
Introduction 72
Experimental 73
Results and Discussion 74
Conclusions 80
Acknowledgements 80
References 80
13 Phase Transitions and Their Interaction with Dislocations in Silicon 81
Abstract 81
Introduction 81
Simulation Method 81
Simulation Results 82
Instability Criteria Calibrated by Molecular Dynamics 82
Homogeneous Hysteresis-Free Phase Transformation and Continuum of Intermediate Phases 83
Phase Transformation Induced by a Dislocation Pileup at the GB 84
Concluding Remarks 85
Acknowledgements 85
References 85
14 Thermal Cycling Induced Instability of Martensitic Transformation and the Micro-Mechanism in Solution-Treated Ni51Ti49 Alloy 86
Abstract 86
Introduction 86
Experimental Procedure 87
Results and Discussion 88
Conclusion 90
Acknowledgements 90
References 90
15 Influence of Grain Size on Work-Hardening Behavior of Fe-24Ni-0.3C Metastable Austenitic Steel 92
Abstract 92
Introduction 92
Experimental Procedures 93
Results and Discussion 93
Summary 95
Acknowledgements 95
References 95
16 The Influence of ?? (bcc) Martensite on the Dynamic and Magnetic Response of Powder Metallurgy FeMnSiCrNi Shape Memory Alloys 96
Abstract 96
Introduction 96
Experimental Procedure 97
Experimental Results and Discussion 98
Structural Analysis 98
Storage Modulus and Magnetization Variation with Temperature 99
Thermomechanical Training 101
Conclusions 101
Acknowledgements 104
References 104
17 Critical Analyses on the Instrumented Ultramicrohardness Results on Aging NiTi Alloy in Distinct Phase Fields 106
Abstract 106
Introduction 106
Methodology 106
Results and Discussion 107
Conclusions 110
Acknowledgements 110
References 110
18 Effect of Thermomechanical Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Ferromagnetic Fe-Ni-Co-Ti Alloy 112
Abstract 112
Introduction 112
Materials and Methods 113
Results and Discussion 114
Microhardness and Austenite Grain Size 114
The Characteristics of Phase Transformations 114
Tensile Properties 115
Conclusion 116
Acknowledgements 117
References 117
Quenching and Partitioning of Martensite and Other Advancements in Steels 118
19 Reversed Austenite for Enhancing Ductility of Martensitic Stainless Steel 119
Abstract 119
Introduction 119
Materials and Methods 120
Results and Discussion 120
Mechanical Properties 120
Microstructural Analysis 122
Corrosion Resistance 123
Conclusion 123
Acknowledgements 124
References 124
20 Tough Ductile Ultra High Strength Steels Through Direct Quenching and Partitioning—An Update 125
Abstract 125
Introduction 125
Experimental Procedures 126
Results and Discussion 126
Retained Austenite 126
Microstructural Mechanisms During Partitioning 127
Microstructures of Dilatation Specimens 127
Evaluation of Rolled TMR-DQP Samples 128
Microstructural Features 128
Mechanical Properties 128
Summary and Conclusions 129
Acknowledgements 129
References 129
21 Physical Simulation of Press Hardening of TRIP Steel 131
Abstract 131
Introduction 131
Experimental Programme 131
Determination of Phase Transformation Temperatures 132
Modelling of Press Hardening Process 132
Results and Discussion 132
Conclusions 136
Acknowledgements 137
References 137
22 Effect of Carbon Content on Bainite Transformation Start Temperature on Fe–9Ni–C Alloys 138
Abstract 138
Introduction 138
Experimental Procedure 138
Results and Discussion 139
Summary 141
Acknowledgements 141
References 141
23 Influence of Manganese Content and Finish Rolling Temperature on the Martensitic Transformation of Ultrahigh-Strength Strip Steels 143
Abstract 143
Introduction 143
Materials and Experimental Procedures 144
Results and Discussion 144
Microstructure 144
Tensile Properties and Microhardness 145
JMatPro® Simulations 146
Relationships Between Chemical Composition, Microstructure and Tensile Properties 146
Conclusions 147
Acknowledgements 148
References 148
24 In Situ Neutron Diffraction Study on Microstructure Evolution During Thermo-Mechanical Processing of Medium Manganese Steel 149
Abstract 149
Introduction 149
Experimental Procedure 150
Results 150
Conclusions 152
Acknowledgements 152
References 152
Size Effects in Martensitic Transformations 153
25 Nanoscale Phase Field Modeling and Simulations of Martensitic Phase Transformations and Twinning at Finite Strains 154
Abstract 154
Introduction 154
System of Phase Field and Elasticity Equations 155
Results and Discussion 156
Acknowledgements 157
References 157
26 Phase Field Study of Lattice Instability and Nanostructure Evolution in Silicon During Phase Transformation Under Complex Loading 159
Abstract 159
Introduction 159
Complete System of Equations 159
Simulation Results 160
References 162
Novel Functional Behaviors: Beyond Shape Memory Effect & Superelasticity
27 Investigation of the Precipitation Processes in NiTi Filaments 164
Abstract 164
Introduction 164
Experiments and Methods 165
Results and Discussion 165
Forward Transformation Stress 165
Transformation Strain 166
Tensile Strength 166
Small Angle Neutron Scattering 166
Conclusions 167
Acknowledgements 168
References 168
28 Effect of Microstructure on the Low-Cycle Fatigue Properties of a Fe–15Mn–10Cr– 8Ni–4Si Austenitic Alloy 169
Abstract 169
Introduction 169
Materials and Experimental Procedure 170
Results and Discussion 170
Summary 174
Acknowledgements 174
References 174
29 Martensitic Transformations of Ni–Mn–X Heusler Alloys with X = Ga, In and Sn 175
Abstract 175
Introduction 175
Dependence on the Cooling Rate After Heat Treatment 176
On the Nature of Decomposition in Heusler Alloys 177
Acknowledgements 178
References 178
30 Reversible Negative Thermal Expansion Response and Phase Transformation Behavior of a Ti-Rich Ti54Ni46 Alloy Prepared by Rapid Solidification 179
Abstract 179
Introduction 179
Experiments 180
Results and Discussion 180
Conclusions 183
Acknowledgements 183
References 183
Engineering Applications and Devices 184
31 Film and Foil-Based Shape Memory Alloy Microactuators for Fluid Handling 185
Abstract 185
Introduction 185
SMA Films and Foils 186
Microvalves 187
Conclusion 188
Acknowledgements 188
References 188
32 Functional Stability of the Ni51Ti49 Two-Way Shape Memory Alloy as Artificial Anal Sphincter During Thermo-Mechanical Cycling 189
Abstract 189
Introduction 189
Experiments 190
Results and Discussion 191
Phase Transformation Behavior 191
Deformability and Deformation Recoverability 191
Microstructure 192
Conclusion 193
Acknowledgements 193
References 193
33 Influence of Contact Friction on Force-Deflection of Orthodontic NiTi Archwire: A Computational Study 194
Abstract 194
Introduction 194
Methodology 195
Experimental Testing 195
Finite Element Modeling 195
Results and Discussion 196
Conclusion 198
Acknowledgements 198
References 198
34 Features Cavitation Resistance of Multifunctional Coatings from Materials with a Shape Memory Effect 199
Abstract 199
Introduction 199
Experiment 200
Experimental Results and Discussion 201
The Analysis of Criterion of Cavitation Resistance 204
Conclusion 204
Acknowledgements 204
35 Microstructure and Mechanical Behaviors of Electron Beam Welded Ti44Ni47Nb9 Shape Memory Alloys 206
Abstract 206
Introduction 206
Experimental 207
Materials 207
Electron Beam Welding Machines 207
Testing Methods 207
Results 207
Microstructure 207
Martensitic Transformation Behavior 207
Tensile Properties and Fracture Morphology 208
The Transformation Hysteresis of the Welding Joints 209
Conclusions 209
Acknowledgements 210
36 Relationship Between Applied Stress and Hydrogen-Related Fracture Behavior in Martensitic Steel 211
Abstract 211
Introduction 211
Experimental Procedure 212
Results and Discussion 212
Summary 215
Acknowledgements 215
References 215
Advanced Processing Techniques: Additive, Porous, and Others 216
37 Contact Pressure and Residual Strain of Resistance Spot Welding on Mild Steel Sheet Metal 217
Abstract 217
Introduction 217
Model and Mesh 218
Governing Equations and Boundary Conditions 218
Welding Parameters and Material Properties 219
Thermo-Elastic–Plastic Analysis 219
Results and Discussion 221
Contact Pressure 221
Residual Stress 222
Residual Plastic Strain and Welding Deformation 223
Conclusions 224
Acknowledgments 225
References 225
Advanced Characterization of Martensite—3D and High Resolution 226
38 Strain-Induced Martensitic Transformation in a Co-Cr-W-Mo Alloy Probed by Nanoindentation 227
Abstract 227
Introduction 227
Experimental Procedure 227
Results and Discussion 228
Conclusions 230
Acknowledgements 230
References 230
39 Estimation of Solute Carbon Concentration by Electrical Resistivity Method in Low-Carbon Martensitic Steel 231
Abstract 231
Introduction 231
Experimental Procedure 232
Results and Discussion 232
Change in Hardness and Microstructure During Low Temperature Tempering in 0.3C Martensitic Steel 232
Results of Electrical Resistivity Measurements 233
Estimation of Solute Carbon Concentration in As-Quenched and Tempered Specimens 233
Conclusions 234
References 234
MSMnet: Magnetomechanics of Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys 235
40 Comparison of Highly Mobile Twin Boundaries in Cu–Ni–Al and Ni–Mn–Ga Shape Memory Single Crystals 236
Abstract 236
Introduction 236
Experiment 237
Results and Discussion 238
Conclusions 240
Acknowledgements 240
References 240
41 Multiphase Microstructure and Extended Martensitic Phase Transformation in Directionally Solidified and Heat Treated Ni44Co6Mn39Sn11 Metamagnetic Shape Memory Alloy 241
Abstract 241
Introduction 241
Experimental 242
Results and Discussion 242
Summary 244
Acknowledgements 245
References 245
Novel Shape Memory Alloys 246
42 Effect of Heat-treatment Conditions on Microstructure and Shape Memory Properties of Ti–4.5Al–3V–2Fe–2Mo Alloy 247
Abstract 247
Introduction 247
Experimental 248
Results and Discussion 248
Effect of Heat-Treatment Condition on Microstructure 248
Effect of Heat Treatment Condition on Superelasticity 248
Conclusions 249
References 250
43 Porous Ni–Ti–Nb Shape Memory Alloys with Tunable Damping Performance Controlled by Martensitic Transformation 251
Abstract 251
Introduction 251
Experiments 252
Results and Discussion 252
Conclusion 255
Acknowledgements 255
References 255
44 Cryogenic Immersion Time Influence on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of a Ni48-Ti52 Shape Memory Alloy 256
Abstract 256
Introduction 256
Materials and Experimental Methods 257
Results and Discussion 257
Influence of DCT on Mechanical Properties 257
Influence of DCT on Thermal Properties 257
Analysis-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 259
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis 259
Conclusion 262
References 262
Quasimartensitic Modulations 263
45 The Martensitic Transformation in Indium-Thallium Alloys 264
Abstract 264
Introduction 264
Phonon-Dispersion Measurements 265
Single-Crystal Limitations 265
The New Australian Research Reactor 266
An Alternative View for the In-Tl Transformation 268
Conclusion 269
Acknowledgements 269
References 269
Author Index 271
Subject Index 274