Geoethics In Latin America (eBook)

Rogelio Daniel Acevedo is an Argentine geologist graduated at the University of Buenos Aires in 1980 and 1990. He was born in Tres Arroyos, Buenos Aires Province on March 7, 1956. He was a Fellow of the UNESCO, the European Economic Community and the National Geographic and also Professor of Mineralogy and Petrology at the Argentine universities of Buenos Aires, Morón, Patagonia San Juan Bosco, and Oviedo (Spain). At present, he serves as scientific researcher for National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET).Prof. Acevedo lives in Ushuaia, the city of the end of the world. During the last three decades he has been involved in a wide variety of research and applied topics relating to geologic aspects. His main research interests are in the broad area of regional geology of Tierra del Fuego, particularly in terms of recognizing geologic resources in the Fuegian Andes as consultant. He is also specialised in planetary geology, identifying impact structures in Patagonia and Puna and studying meteorites. His scientific work is published in approximately 200 peer reviewed papers in external journals, scientific non-peer-reviewed articles, books and edited volumes, book chapters, memoirs, abstracts, conference papers, field guides, popular science writes, scientific journalism articles and commentaries. He has supervised many theses and scholarships.Currently, Prof. Acevedo is recognized by the International Association for Geoethics and appointed as Vice-President representing Latin America.Jesús Martínez Frías, born in Madrid, on October 3, 1960, is a Spanish geologist graduated at the Complutense University of Madrid in 1982, where he also obtained his PhD degree in 1986. He has developed several stays of research in UK (University of Leeds), Canada (University of Toronto), Germany (University of Heidelberg) and the USA (University of California). He is Scientific Researcher at the Geosciences Institute, IGEO (CSIC-UCM), Head of the Research Group of Meteorites and Planetary Geosciences and founder and Director of the Spanish Planetology and Astrobiology Network. He has participated in more than 40 projects and scientific campaigns (e.g. Antarctica, Mauritania, Iceland, Costa Rica). In 2002, he participated in the NASA flight to study the Leonid Meteor Shower. He is co-I in NASA-MSL (rover Curiosity), ESA-ExoMars and NASA-Mars2020 and in 2016 and 2017 heas was instructor of ESA astronauts in the PANGAEA program (Lanzarote and Chinijo Islands UNESCO Global Geopark). He has published 8 books and more than 200 articles (Science, Nature, Geology, etc). He was Former Member of the UN ECOSOC Committee on Natural Resources, Ex-ViceChair of the UNCSTD and Ex-Chair of IUGS-COGE. He is co-founder and President of the International Association for Geoethics (IAGETH) and President of the Geoethics Commission of the Spanish Association of Geologists (ICOG). He is Editor-in-Chief of the journal Geosciences (MDPI) and co-editor of the Springer Book Series: Geoheritage, Geoparks and Geotourism. He has received several awards and recognitions (i.e. NASA, ESA, GSAf, ArabGU, Spanish Association of Scientists).

Part 1.- 1.1 Geoethics.- 1.1.2 Introduction.- 1.1.3 Overall objectives.- 1.1.4 Relate goals to overall IUGS scientific objectives.- 1.2 Geoethics: basic concepts and its potential for UNESCO Geoparks.- 1.2.1 Introduction.- 1.2.2 What is geoethics and why is it necessary?.- 1.2.3 Geosphere and Earth System: understanding planetary dynamics.- 1.2.4 Anthropocene and Anthropogenic Global Change.- 1.2.5 Earth system goods and services.- 1.2.6 Geosphere values.- 1.2.7 Behave and act ethically: areas of application of geoethics.- 1.2.8 Geoethics and UNESCO Global Geoparks.- 1.2.9 Conclusions.- References.- 2 Argentina.- 2.1 Towards a Latin American Geoethics?.- 2.1.1 Introduction.- 2.1.2 Unthinking Geoethics.- 2.1.2.1 Professional field.- 2.1.2.2 Social and Human Sciences fields.- 2.1.2.3 Social field.- 2.1.3 Reasons for a Latin American Geoethics?.- 2.1.3.1 Latin American ideas.- 2.1.3.2 Structural historical features.- 2.1.4 Conclusions.- References.- 2.2 The Superior Geology Professional Council and ethics.- 2.2.1 Introduction.- 2.2.2 Some facts about ethics.- 2.2.3 Consequences.- 2.2.4 The Code of Ethics.- 2.2.5 Conclusions.- References.- 3 Brazil.- 3.1 Ferruginous Geosystems and the current situation of iron in Brazil: economic growth or environmental regression?.- 3.1.1 Introduction.- 3.1.2 Iron.- 3.1.3 Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) and Conservation Units in Brazil.- 3.1.4 Cangas.- 3.1.5 The FGGs and the iron mining in Brazil.- 3.1.6 Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF).- 3.1.7 Serra dos Carajás (SCJ).- 3.1.8 The relation between mining, hydrogeology and FGSs in Brazil.- 3.1.9 Regulatory Inconsistencies.- 3.1.10 Risks of retreats to environmental conservation.- 3.1.11 Final Remarks.- References.- 3.2 Gigantic cities and the new challenge of an old science: Geoethics, geoeducation and geoknowledge in Porto Alegre, Brazil.- 3.2.1 Introduction.- 3.2.2 Terra Urbis: Growth and scales of the cities in the urbanizing world.- 3.2.2.1 The metropolis without limits: the era of the giant cities.- 3.2.2.2 Chains of giant cities: how big can be urban agglomeration?.- 3.2.2.3 The nature surrounded by the city: the ecumenopolis or the mundus-city.- 3.2.3 The city as geological global fact: The dawn of the techno-urbansphere.- 3.2.3.1 Understanding cities as a global geological fact and introducing Geoethics: new challenges to live in urban realm.- 3.2.3.2 The geohazardous edges of techno-urbansphere: when the city reaches the volcano slope and plate tectonics boundary.- 3.2.3.3 The complexity of techno-urbansphere needs geoethic culture and geoknowledge for all citizens.- 3.2.4 Geoknowledge and Geoethics for urban sustainability: The example of the environmental atlas of Porto Alegre city.- 3.2.4.1 Geology and urban environment: understanding the natural history of the city.- 3.2.4.2 Urban environmental management, citizen participation and geoeducation: Geoethics and paths to tame the techno-urbansphere.- 3.2.5 Final remarks: towards a geoethic culture for urban realm.- References.- 4 Chile.- 5 Colombia.- 5.1 Geology as a profession and Geoethics in Colombia.- 5.1.1 Introduction.- 5.1.2 National institutions related to earth sciences in Colombia.- 5.1.3 University programs in earth sciences in Colombia.- 5.1.4 Associations.- 5.1.5 The 09 law of 1974.- 5.1.6 The code of ethics for geologists.- 5.1.7 Further considerations.-References.- 5.2 The Geoethical promise and the incorporation of disaster risk management in the territorial ordination of Colombia.- 5.2.1 Introduction.- 5.2.2 The Geoethical Promise.- 5.2.3 The Dissertation.- References.- 6 Ecuador.- 6.1 Ethics, policy and risk assessment of the Cotopaxi volcanic crisis in Ecuador – Vulnerable society versus unprepared volcanic monitoring staff and authorities.- 6.1.1 Introduction.- 6.1.2 Geological history and volcanic hazards associated with Cotopaxi volcano.- 6.1.3 Volcanic Risk assessment in Ecuador.- 6.1.3.1 Authorities and line of command.- 6.1.3.2 Volcanic Monitoring in Ecuador.- 6.1.3.3 Education and Prevention.- 6.1.4 Previous handling of volcanic crisis in Ecuador.- 6.1.5 The recent volcanic activity of the Cotopaxi volcano.- 6.1.5.1. Volcanic activity in 2001-2015.- 6.1.5.2 14th of August 2015 – First explosions.- 6.1.5.3 15th of August 2015 – False alert, first victims and state of exception.- 6.1.6 Social and economic situation after false alert: knowledge management and communications skills.- 6.1.6.1 Knowledge management.- 6.1.6.2 Communication skills.- 6.1.7 Conclusions and recommendations.- References.- 7 Paraguay.- 7.1 An approach to Geoethics in Paraguay.- 7. 1.1 Paleontology.- 7.1.2 Paso-Yobai gold, a short summary.- 7.1.3 Diamonds.- 7.1.3.1 South America Diamonds.- 7.1.3.2 “Blood diamonds”?.- References.- 8 Perú.- 9 Venezuela.- 9.1 The epistemological evolution… The beginning of a “Geoethics” cosmovision.- 9.1.1 The evolution of the Ethics, Bioethics and Geoethics within the energy sector.- References.