Shock and Materials (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 8
Introduction 10
1 Effect of Explosion on Materials 12
1.1 Basics of Shock-Wave Physics 12
1.2 Compressibility of Solids. Equations of State 19
1.3 Techniques of Shock Compression 32
1.3.1 Cylindrical Recovery Ampoules 34
1.3.2 Planar Recovery Ampoules 42
1.3.3 Experimental Diagnostics of Recovery Ampoules 45
1.4 Microstructure of Shocked Materials 51
1.4.1 Fragmentation of Solids 51
1.4.2 Defects in Shocked Materials 58
1.5 Shock Hardening of Solids 64
1.6 Shock Compaction 71
1.7 Phase Transitions Under Shock Waves 80
1.7.1 Pressures of Phase Transformations Under Shock Loading 80
1.7.2 Phase Transition Under Dynamic Pressures Versus Defects 89
1.7.3 Phase Transition in Graphite and h-BN 92
1.7.4 E-Phase of BN 96
1.7.5 Metals Under High Dynamic Pressures 100
1.7.6 Anomalous Phase Transitions 104
1.7.7 Analysis of Shocked Samples After Transformations 106
1.8 Shock Synthesis and Decomposition of Substances 107
1.8.1 Chemical Transformation in Shocked Compounds 107
1.8.2 Shock Synthesis of Compounds 115
1.9 Duration of Solid-Phase Chemical Reactions Induced by Shock Waves 128
1.9.1 Duration of Solid-Phase Reactions 128
1.9.2 Mechanism of Ultrafast Solid-Phase Reaction 138
1.9.3 Perspectives and Applications of Shock-Induced Chemical Reactions 143
References 144
2 Detonation Transformation in Materials 164
2.1 Basics of Detonation Physics 164
2.2 Solid-State Detonation 166
2.3 Detonation Transformation of Substances 178
2.3.1 Detonation Synthesis of Compounds 178
2.3.2 Phase Transition Graphite ? Diamond Under Detonation 179
2.3.3 Technology of Detonation Synthesis of Nanodiamond 182
2.3.4 Characterization of DND Samples 184
2.3.5 Interaction of DND Samples with Water 193
2.3.6 Detonation Synthesis of the Hydrogen-Free Nanodiamond and c-BN 196
References 201
3 Laser-Induced Shock Compession 207
3.1 Quasi-isentropic Compression 207
3.2 Physico-chemical Transformations Under Laser Compression 208
References 210
4 Impulse Mechanical Action 212
4.1 Terminology, Physics, History 212
4.2 Physics and Techniques of Ball Milling 214
4.3 Phase Transformations 217
4.4 Synthesis of Compounds 219
4.4.1 Inorganic Materials 220
4.4.2 Organic Materials 226
References 227
5 Electric Discharge in Materials 230
5.1 Electric Discharge Consolidation of Porous Materials 230
5.2 Electric Discharge in Liquids 235
References 246
Conclusion 248
Index 249