CFD Techniques and Thermo-Mechanics Applications (eBook)

Prof. Dr. Eng. Zied DrissDr. Driss is Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS). He received his Engineering Diploma in 2001, his Master Degree in 2003, his PhD in 2008 and his HDR in 2013 in Mechanical Engineering from ENIS at University of Sfax, Tunisia. He is interested in the development of numerical and experimental techniques for solving problems in mechanical engineering and energy applications. Also, his research has been focused on the interaction between Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Computational Structure Dynamics (CSD) codes. As a result of his research, he is principal or co-principal investigator on more than 80 papers in peer-reviewed journals, more than 150 communications to international conferences, 10 books and 40 books chapters. Also, he is the main inventors of 2 patents. Currently, Dr. Driss is a Chief of Project in the Laboratory of Electromechanical Systems (LASEM), an Editorial in Chief for two international journals, an Editorial Board Member and reviewer for different international journals, an Editor for different books, a General Chair of two bi-annual international conferences and an active member in different national and international associations. Prof. Dr. Brahim NecibDr. B.Necib is a Professor and Head of Research in Mechanical Engineering Department, Laboratory of mechanics at the University of Mentouri Constantine, Algeria. He received his Philosophy Doctor (Ph. D) and his Master in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering at Purdue University W. Lafayette Indiana, USA in 1987 and 1982 respectively. He got his Engineer degree in Mechanical Engineering from the National Polytechnic School of Algiers, Algeria in 1980. His work interest is on the development of numerical and experimental techniques for solving practical problems in mechanical and aeronautical engineering. His research work is focused on the aerodynamics, aero elasticity, propulsion and the analysis of static and dynamic discrete and continuum structures as well as the composite and the new smart materials using the finite elements numerical methods. As a result of his research work he is the main supervisor of 10 doctors of state, 30 magiters in mechanical engineering, 10 masters of sciences, 25 engineers of state in mechanics and the principal responsible of 11 national projects of research (CNEPRU). He is the principal authors and co-authors in 20 international and national papers in indexed journals and more than 150 international communications. Also, he is the editor of 02 published bloc notes on «Continuum Mechanics» and «Finite Element Methods». Prof. Necib was the head of the Research Laboratory of Mechanics up to 2008. Actually he is the responsible of research team of “aerodynamics, complex structures and news materials” and he is an active member in many national research commissions and scientific associations.Prof. Dr. Hao-Chun ZhangDr. Hao-Chun Zhang is currently a Professor in School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT). He is the deputy head of the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, head of Institute of Nuclear Reactor Engineering, HIT, and executive professor of HIT-CORYS Nuclear System Simulation International Joint Research Center(Sino-France). With BSC (Engineering) in 1999, MSC (Engineering) in 2001 and Ph.D. in 2007 from Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Dr. Zhang joined HIT in September 2004. Dr. Zhang has about 150 research publications in peer-reviewed journals and conferences, 2 books, and 2 translations of foreign books. Apart from the main research in the area of engineering thermo-physics, currently his research covers computational energy science, nuclear system simulation, and ultrasonic aircraft thermal protection. Dr. Zhang is a recipient of the research fellowship of the Krupp Foundation and DAAD, Germany. He is the reviewer of more than 20 journals, many conferences and scientific funds in the area of nuclear engineering, heat transfer, mechanics and sustainable energy. Dr. Zhang is now in charge of research projects from DFG, national research natural foundation of China, ministry of education of China, ministry of science and technology of China and funds from international and enterprises collaboration. Dr. Zhang is the member of AAAS, ASME and AIAA, Director of China Energy Research Society. He was awarded the 2016 Best Paper of ASME MNHMT, 2015 Most Valued Reviewer by Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 2012 DAAD/DFG funds for Chinese scholar, the 2011 outstanding reviewer by ASME Journal of Heat Transfer and 2008 Krupp Fellowship for Chinese Young Scholar from Germany.

Preface 5
Acknowledgements 8
Contents 9
1 Air Flow CFD Modeling in an Industrial Convection Oven 11
1 Introduction 11
2 Materials and Methods 13
2.1 Forced Convection Oven 13
2.2 Governing Equations 13
2.3 CFD Simulations 14
2.4 Validation Method 15
3 Results and Discussion 17
4 Conclusion 21
References 21
2 CFD Application for the Study of Innovative Working Fluids in Solar Central Receivers 23
1 Introduction 23
2 Innovative Heat Transfer Fluids in Central Receiver Systems 25
2.1 Liquid Metals 26
2.2 Innovative Molten Salts 26
2.3 Innovative Gas Fluids 27
2.4 Particle Suspensions 27
2.5 Supercritical Fluids 28
3 Supercritical Fluids 29
3.1 Advantages and Disadvantages 29
3.2 Applications 30
4 CFD Analysis of a Supercritical Fluid Used as Heat Transfer Fluid in a Solar Tower Tubular Receiver 31
4.1 Description of the Initial Tubular Receiver Design 32
4.2 Supercritical Fluid CFD Analysis Procedure 32
4.3 CFD Modelling 34
4.4 Validation 36
4.5 Initial Operating Conditions of the Tubular Receiver for s-CO2 36
4.6 Optimisation of the Receiver Design for s-CO2 38
4.7 Conclusions Obtained from the CFD Analysis 39
5 Summary and Conclusions 40
Acknowledgements 40
References 40
3 Computational Fluid Dynamics for Thermal Evaluation of Earth-to-Air Heat Exchanger for Different Climates of Mexico 42
1 Physical Model 44
2 Mathematical Model 46
3 Methodology 48
4 Results and Discussion 50
5 Conclusions 55
Acknowledgements 59
References 59
4 CFD Modeling of a Parabolic Trough Receiver of Different Cross Section Shapes 61
1 Introduction 61
2 Solar Heat Flux Calculation 62
2.1 Radius Number Sensitivity 64
2.2 Validation 64
3 CFD Numerical Simulation 65
3.1 Geometry Configuration and Mesh 65
3.2 Assumptions and Boundary Conditions 67
3.3 Numerical Simulation 68
3.4 CFD Simulation Results 68
4 Conclusion 69
References 71
5 An OpenFOAM Solver for Forced Convection Heat Transfer Adopting Diagonally Implicit Runge–Kutta Schemes 73
1 Introduction 73
2 Governing Equations 75
2.1 Dimensionless Parameters 75
3 Numerical Solution 76
4 Results 78
4.1 Taylor–Green Vortex 78
4.2 Circular Cylinder 79
4.3 Square Cylinder 82
4.4 Tandem Circular Cylinders 84
5 Conclusions 87
References 87
6 Multigrid and Preconditioning Techniques in CFD Applications 90
1 Introduction 90
1.1 Preconditioning 90
1.2 Free Convective Flows 93
1.3 Multigrid Method 94
2 Governing Equations 96
2.1 Cartesian Coordinates 96
2.2 Boundary Conditions 98
3 Low Mach Preconditioning 99
3.1 Low Mach Flows 99
3.2 Finite Volume Method 100
3.3 Preconditioning Matrix 100
3.4 Discretization of Preconditioning Equations 103
3.5 Time-Marching Scheme 104
3.6 Numerical Examples 105
3.6.1 Nozzle Flow 105
3.6.2 Flow Through a Channel with a Bump 108
4 Computation of Free Convective Flows 112
4.1 Finite Volume Method 112
4.2 Preconditioning Method 112
4.3 Dual Time-Stepping Scheme 113
4.3.1 Explicit Scheme 114
4.3.2 Implicit Scheme 115
4.3.3 Residual Smoothing 117
4.4 Numerical Examples 117
5 Geometric and Algebraic Multigrid Techniques 125
5.1 Geometric Methods 125
5.1.1 Full Approximation Scheme 126
5.1.2 Prolongation and Restriction Operators 127
5.1.3 Smoothing Procedure 128
5.1.4 Multigrid Cycle 128
5.1.5 Sequence of Meshes 129
5.2 Algebraic Methods 130
5.2.1 Basic Ideas 130
5.2.2 Implementation Steps 132
5.2.3 Construction of Mesh Levels 133
5.2.4 Interpolation 134
5.2.5 Smoothing 137
5.3 Efficiency Indicators 137
5.4 Comparative Characteristics 138
5.5 Numerical Examples 139
5.5.1 Geometric Method 139
5.5.2 Algebraic Method 143
6 Conclusion 144
Acknowledgements 146
Appendix: Physical and Conservative Variables 146
Preconditioning Matrix 147
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 150
Runge–Kutta Scheme 153
References 153
7 Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of the Role of Delta Wing Privileged Apex 157
1 Introduction 157
2 Concept of Privileged Angles 161
3 Numerical Method 162
3.1 Boundary Conditions 162
3.2 Mathematical Formulation 162
3.3 Grid 163
4 Numerical Results 164
4.1 Defect Pressure Coefficient ?Cp Contours 164
4.2 Transverse Evolution of Defect Pressure Coefficient ?Cp 164
4.3 Role of the Privileged Apex Angle /beta = 80° 164
4.4 Fuselage Diameter Effects 171
5 Comparison with Experimental Results 171
6 Conclusions 175
References 176
8 Numerical Simulation of the Overlap Effect on the Turbulent Flow Around a Savonius Wind Rotor 178
1 Introduction 178
2 Geometric Parameters and Boundary Conditions 180
3 Numerical Results 180
3.1 Velocity Field 180
3.2 Mean Velocities 181
3.3 Static Pressure 183
3.4 Dynamic Pressure 183
3.5 Turbulent Kinetic Energy 187
3.6 Dissipation Rate of the Turbulent Kinetic Energy 187
3.7 Turbulent Viscosity 190
4 Comparison with Previous Results 190
5 Conclusion 190
References 192
9 Study of the Collector Diameter Effect on the Characteristics of the Solar Chimney Power Plant 194
1 Introduction 194
2 Geometric Modeling 195
3 Numerical Method 196
4 Numerical Results 198
4.1 Temperature 198
4.2 Velocity 199
4.3 Dynamic Pressure 201
4.4 Total Pressure 202
4.5 Turbulent Kinetic Energy 203
4.6 Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation Rate 204
4.7 Turbulent Viscosity 205
5 Comparison with Experimental Results 207
6 Conclusion 207
Acknowledgements 207
References 208