Metal-Matrix Composites Innovations, Advances and Applications (eBook)

The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) is a member-driven international professional society dedicated to fostering the exchange of learning and ideas across the entire range of materials science and engineering, from minerals processing and primary metals production, to basic research and the advanced applications of materials. Included among its nearly 13,000 professional and student members are metallurgical and materials engineers, scientists, researchers, educators, and administrators from more than 70 countries on six continents. 

Preface 5
Contents 7
About the Editors 10
Aluminum and Lightweight Metal Matrix Composites 14
1 Aluminum Matrix Composites 1970–2017 15
Abstract 15
Introduction 15
1970 16
1980 19
1990 24
2000 25
2010 25
Summary 29
References 30
2 Commercial-Ready and Large-Scale Manufacturing of Light-Weight Aluminum Matrix Nanocomposites 31
Abstract 31
Introduction 31
Commercial-Ready Manufacturing of Aluminum Matrix Nanocomposites 32
Microstructure and Strengthening Mechanisms 33
Wear Resistance 34
Tensile Properties 35
Fatigue Resistance 37
Corrosion Resistance 38
Conclusions 38
References 39
3 Development of an Electroless Plating Process for Multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTS) to Improve Their Dispersion and Wettability in Molten Aluminum 40
Abstract 40
Introduction 41
Materials and Experimental Procedures 42
Materials 42
Experimental Procedures 42
Activation of CNT’s in Pd-Sn Colloidal Solution 43
Acceleration of CNTs in a Mixture of Acids 44
Electroless Cu-Co Plating of CNTs 44
Casting the Copper Coated CNT’s Reinforced Aluminum Composite 45
Results and Discussion 46
Conclusions 49
Acknowledgements 49
References 50
Synthesis and Developments of Emerging Composites 51
4 Study on Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Map of 20 Volume Percent Al18B4O33w/2024 Composites 52
Abstract 52
Introduction 52
Experimental 53
Results and Discussion 54
Initial Microstructure 54
Flow Stress-Strain Behavior and Macroscopic Morphologies 55
Flow Stress Curves 55
Kinetic Analysis 56
Macroscopic Morphology 57
Processing Maps and Analysis 59
Basic Theory of Processing Map 59
Power Dissipation Maps 60
Hot Processing Maps 61
Deformation Microstructure in Different Regions 62
Application and Verification of Processing Maps 63
Conclusions 66
References 66
5 Development and Characterization of In-situ Aluminum–Titanium Carbide Composites Prepared by Pneumatic Powder Injection Route 68
Abstract 68
Introduction 68
Experimental Procedures 70
Results and Discussion 71
Optical Microstructure 72
X-Ray Diffraction 73
Homogeneity and Consistency 73
Mechanical Properties 74
Macro-Hardness 74
Tensile Properties 75
Conclusions 77
References 77
Basic History and Advances in Metal Matrix Composites 78
6 Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Cryomilled Al–Mg Composites Reinforced with Nanometric Yttria Partially Stabilized Zirconia 79
Abstract 79
Introduction 80
Materials and Experimental Procedures 81
Results and Discussion 83
Microstructure 83
Mechanical Behavior 88
Strengthening Mechanisms 89
Summary 92
Acknowledgements 92
References 92
7 Fatigue Crack Growth Resistance of Titanium Metal Matrix Composites 95
Abstract 95
Introduction 96
Method 96
Results and Discussion 98
Fatigue Crack Growth Resistance 98
Effects of ?K at a Single Test Temperature 98
Effect of Temperature 101
Effect of Environment (Air vs. Vacuum) at 450 °C 104
Effect of Stress Ratio, R, at Room Temperature and 450 °C 108
Conclusions 109
References 110
8 Experimental Optimization of Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Titanium Matrix Composites Using Taguchi Methods 111
Abstract 111
Introduction 112
Experimental Procedures 113
Fabrication of TMCs 113
Characterization Tests 114
Allocation to Orthogonal Array 116
Results and Discussion 117
Summary 124
References 125
9 Model-Based Damage Detection in Piezoelectric Fiber Based Composites 126
Abstract 126
Introduction 127
Micromechanics Study 128
Constitutive Model 128
Transformation Field Analysis 129
Homogenized Material Properties 130
Macroscale Finite Element Study 132
Damage Modelling 132
Modal Analysis 133
Dynamic Simulation 133
Results 134
Conclusions 135
References 136
Mechanical Behavior of Metal Matrix Composites 139
10 Effect of Matrix Properties and Sliding Counterface on the Wear Behavior of Magnesium Alloy Metal Matrix Composites 140
Abstract 140
Experimental Details 142
Results and Discussion 143
Microstructure 143
Hardness 143
Wear and Friction 145
Sliding Against EN24 Steel Counterface Disc 145
Sliding Against SiC Abrasive Counterface Disc 146
Coefficient of Friction 150
Conclusions 151
References 152
11 Synthesis and Microstructural Development of Particulate Reinforced Metal-Matrix Composites Using the Technique of Spray Atomization and Deposition 154
Abstract 154
Introduction 155
The Technique of Spray Atomization and Deposition Processing 157
Spray Atomization and Co-deposition 159
Spray Deposition Processing of Pre-mixed Metal Matrix Composites [MMCs] 165
Reactive Spray Deposition 167
Gas-Liquid Interactions 167
Liquid-Liquid Interactions 170
Liquid-Solid Interactions 171
Plasma Reactive Spray Deposition 171
Incorporation of Reinforcing Phase(s) During Co-injection 172
Incorporation Behavior of Reinforcements 173
Penetration of the Semi-liquid Droplets 176
Penetration of the Solid Droplets 177
Evolution of Microstructure 177
Distribution of the Reinforcing Phase 178
Presence of an Interface 180
The Presence and Role of Porosity 181
Size of the Grains 182
Key Highlights or Conclusions 182
References 183
12 Magnetically Induced Cavitation for the Dispersion of Particles in Liquid Metals 188
Abstract 188
Introduction 188
Experimental Details 190
Experimental Results and Discussion 191
Observation of the Cavitation 191
Dispersion of Particles Using Cavitation 192
Conclusions 195
Acknowledgements 196
References 196
13 An Engineered Magnesium Alloy Nanocomposite: Mechanisms Governing Microstructural Development and Mechanical Properties 198
Abstract 198
Introduction 198
Experimental Procedures 199
Synthesis 199
Characterization of Physical Properties: (i) Density, (ii) Porosity, and (iii) Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 200
Characterization of Initial Microstructure 200
Characterization of Mechanical Properties: (i) Micro-Hardness, and (ii) Compressive Properties 200
Results and Discussion 201
Microstructure 201
Density and Porosity 203
X-Ray Diffraction Studies 203
Micro-Hardness 204
Response in Compression 205
Conclusions 206
Acknowledgements 207
References 207
14 The Tensile Response and Fracture Behavior of a Copper-Niobium Microcomposite: Role of Surface Modification 208
Abstract 208
Introduction 208
Material and Processing 210
Experimental Techniques 211
Initial Microstructure Characterization 211
Test Specimen Preparation 211
Indentation Hardness: Microhardness 212
Mechanical Testing 212
Analysis of Failure by Fracture 213
Results and Discussion 213
Initial Microstructure 213
Microhardness 213
Tensile Response 215
Tensile Fracture 217
As-Provided Cu-Nb Micro-composite [AL15 + NB1000TM] 217
Surface Treated AL15 + NB1000TM Micro-composite 217
Microstructural Influences on Strength-Ductility Relationship 219
Microscopic Mechanisms Governing Tensile Fracture 222
Conclusions 222
Acknowledgements 223
References 223
15 Fundamental Issues and Highlights of Reactive Wetting in Carbon-Based Composites 226
Abstract 226
Introduction 226
Thermodynamics of Silicon, Titanium and Chromium Carbides Formations 228
Reactive Wetting 229
References 232
Poster Session 235
16 Influence of Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforcements on Microstructural Development and Wear Behavior of an Aluminum Alloy Nanocomposite 236
Abstract 236
Introduction 236
Experimental Procedures 238
Results and Discussion 240
Structural Characterization 240
Solidification Mechanisms 243
Wear Behavior of AA7068/Graphene Nano Plate Nanocomposite 244
Conclusions 248
References 248
Author Index 250
Subject Index 252