Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Environment

David M. Kempisty, Yun Xing, LeeAnn Racz

Section 1 – Introduction and Analysis. Fluorosurfactants in Firefighting Foams – Past and Present. Perfluoroalkyl Substance Analysis to Support Site Characterization, Exposure and Risk Management. Understanding Precursor Contributions: The Total Oxidizable Precursor Assay. Section 2 – Regulations. Managing Risk from Perfluorinated Compounds in Drinking Water. Emerging Contaminant Monitoring as a Host Nation Guest: An Environmental Health Professional’s Perspective. Uncharted Waters: Challenges for Public Water Systems Addressing Drinking Water Health Advisory Levels for PFOS/PFOA. Challenges of Managing Emerging Contaminants: Historical Per- and Poly-fluorinated Alkyl Substance Use in the U.S. Air Force. Section 3 – Toxicology. Human Health Risk Assessment of Perfluorinated Chemicals. Perfluoroalkyl Substance Toxicity from Early Life Exposure. PFAS isomers: Characterization, Profiling, and Toxicity. Section 4 – Remediation. Water Treatment Technologies for Targeting the Removal of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances. Oxidation and Reduction Approaches for Treatment of Perfluoroalkyl Substances. Reactivation of Spent Activated Carbon Used for PFAS Adsorption. Ion Exchange for PFAS Removal. Occurrence of Select Perfluoroalkyl Substances at U.S. Air Force Aqueous Film-Forming Foam Release Sites Other than Fire-Training Areas: Field-Validation of Critical Fate and Transport Properties. A Preliminary Treatment Train Study: Removal of Perfluorinated Compounds from Post-Emergency Wastewater by Advanced Oxidation Process and Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption. Remediation of PFAS-Contaminated Soil. Solid and Groundwater PFAS Remediation: Two Technology Examples. Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in AFFF impacted groundwater and soil/sediment. Case Study: Pilot Testing Synthetic Media and Granular Activated Carbon for Treatment of Poly- and Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances in Groundwater. Short-chain PFASs: Their Sources, Properties, Toxicity, Environmental Fate, and Treatment.