Multi-layer Pavement System under Blast Load (eBook)

Dr. Jun Wu received his B.E. degree in Civil Engineering from the Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China in 2004, M.E. degree in Structural Engineering from the Tongji University, Shanghai, China in 2007, and PhD. degree in Geotechnical Engineering from the National University of Singapore, Singapore in 2013. Dr. Wu has been an associate professor at the School of Urban Rail Transportation, Shanghai University of Engineering Science since September 2013.Dr. Hao Wu received his Ph.D. degree in Projective Engineering from PLA University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China in 2012 and then worked as a research fellow in China Academy of Engineering Physics from 2012 to 2014. Dr. Hao Wu has been engaged in the research work of basic theory and engineering applications on impact/blast-resistant materials and structures, including the penetration and blast effects of earth penetration weapons on military fortifications, civil engineering infrastructures against accidental impact and explosion, etc. He has published more than 90 academic papers and the monograph “Concrete Structures Under Projectile Impact” jointly by Springer and Science Press. Dr. Hao Wu has been a Full Professor at the College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, China since September 2017. He also served as a core member of International Association of Protective Structures.  

Acknowledgements 7
Contents 8
Notations 11
List of Figures 15
List of Tables 21
Summary 24
1 Introduction 27
Abstract 27
1.1 Background 27
1.2 Objective and Scope of This Research 31
References 32
2 Development of New Multi-Layer Pavement System Subjected to Impact Load—Laboratory Large-Scale Drop Weight Test 33
Abstract 33
2.1 Introduction 33
2.2 Configuration for the Proposed Multi-Layer Pavement System 34
2.3 Evaluation of the Impact Resistance of Proposed Multi-Layer Pavement System 35
2.4 Large Drop Weight Impact Test 37
2.4.1 Setup for Large Drop Weight Impact Test 37
2.4.2 Instrumentation 41
2.5 Individual Test Results and Discussion 43
2.5.1 Experimental Results of Sample A 43
2.5.1.1 Observations of First Impact 44
2.5.1.2 Observations of Second Impact 46
2.5.2 Experimental Results of Sample B 51
2.5.2.1 Observations of First Impact 51
2.5.2.2 Observations of Second Impact 54
2.5.3 Experimental Results of Sample C 58
2.5.3.1 Observations of First Impact 58
2.5.3.2 Observations of Second Impact 61
2.5.4 Experimental Results of Sample D 65
2.5.4.1 Observations of First Impact 65
2.5.4.2 Observations of Second Impact 68
2.6 Comparison of 4 Test Specimens and Discussion 72
2.6.1 Physical Observations 72
2.6.2 Displacement of Samples 74
2.7 Conclusions on Laboratory Drop Weight Impact Tests 76
References 78
3 Development of New Multi-Layer Pavement System Subjected to Blast Load—Full Scale Field Blast Trial 79
Abstract 79
3.1 Introduction 79
3.2 Test Configuration 80
3.3 Slabs Configuration 81
3.4 Anchoring of Slabs 85
3.5 Instrumentation 88
3.6 Test Results and Discussion 92
3.6.1 Experimental Results of Normal Concrete Pavement Slab 92
3.6.1.1 Physical Observations for Normal Concrete Pavement Slab 92
3.6.1.2 Instrumentation Results for Normal Concrete Pavement Slab 94
3.6.2 Experimental Results of the Proposed Multi-Layer Pavement Slab 104
3.6.2.1 Physical Observations for the Proposed Multi-Layer Pavement Slab 104
3.6.2.2 Instrumentation Results for the Proposed Multi-Layer Pavement Slab 106
3.6.2.3 Discussion 115
3.7 Conclusions on Full Scale Field Blast Trial 117
4 Property of Interface in the New Multi-layer Pavement System 118
Abstract 118
4.1 Introduction 118
4.2 Laboratory Investigation of Interface Property Between Asphalt Concrete and High Strength Concrete Layer 119
4.2.1 Sample Size 119
4.2.2 Shear Box Setup 120
4.2.3 Sample Preparing 122
4.3 Test Results and Discussion 122
4.3.1 Shear Strength 122
4.3.2 Static Friction 124
4.3.3 Dynamic Friction 124
4.4 Numerical Modeling of Interface Between Asphalt Concrete and High Strength Concrete Layer 128
4.4.1 TIEBREAK Contact Type in LSDYNA 129
4.4.2 Numerical Model of Direct Shear Test on Interface Between Asphalt Concrete and High Strength Concrete Layer 130
4.5 Conclusion on Interface Property in the New Multi-layer Pavement System 131
References 132
5 Numerical Modeling of Pavement Slab Subjected to Blast Loading 133
Abstract 133
5.1 Overview 133
5.1.1 Governing Equation 133
5.1.2 Lagrangian Versus Eulerian Formation 135
5.1.3 AUTODYN 136
5.1.4 LSDYNA 137
5.2 Material Model 137
5.2.1 Air and Explosive 137
5.2.2 Concrete Model 138
5.2.3 Plastic Kinematic Model 145
5.2.4 Drucker–Prager Model 145
5.3 Validation I -Numerical Simulation for Normal Concrete Pavement Slab and Comparison with Field Measurement 146
5.3.1 Description of Problem 146
5.3.1.1 Concrete Material 146
5.3.1.2 Steel Material 148
5.3.1.3 Soil Material 150
5.3.2 Strain Rate Effect 151
5.3.2.1 Concrete DIF 151
5.3.2.2 Steel Rebar DIF 159
5.3.3 Blast Loading 160
5.3.4 Details of Numerical Model in Validation I 163
5.3.4.1 Spatial Discretization 163
5.3.4.2 Boundary Condition 165
5.3.4.3 Mesh Size 165
5.3.5 Results and Discussion of Validation I 167
5.3.5.1 Damaged Contour 167
5.3.5.2 Acceleration 168
5.3.5.3 Total Pressure Cell 169
5.4 Validation II—Numerical Simulation for the Proposed Multi-layer Pavement Slab and Comparison with Field Measurement 170
5.4.1 Asphalt Concrete? Model 170
5.4.1.1 Strength Surface 170
5.4.1.2 Scaling of Strength Surface 172
5.4.1.3 Damage Factor 173
5.4.1.4 Equation of State 174
5.4.1.5 Softening Parameter b1, b2, and b3 176
5.4.2 Strain Rate Effect for Asphalt Concrete 179
5.4.2.1 Dynamic Increase Factor for Compression 179
5.4.2.2 Dynamic Increase Factor for Tension 183
5.4.3 Geogrid Model 184
5.4.4 High Strength Concrete and Engineered Cementitious Composites Model 186
5.4.5 Interface Between Asphalt Concrete and High Strength Concrete 188
5.4.6 Details of Numerical Model in Validation II 189
5.4.7 Results and Discussion of Validation II 190
5.4.7.1 Damaged Contour 190
5.4.7.2 Acceleration 193
5.4.7.3 Total Pressure Cell 193
5.5 Parametric Study for the Proposed Multi-layer Pavement System 194
5.5.1 Effect of Property of High Strength Concrete Layer 194
5.5.1.1 Compressive Strength 195
5.5.1.2 Fracture Energy 200
5.5.1.3 Thickness of HSC Layer 203
5.5.2 Interface Strength Between Asphalt Concrete and High Strength Concrete 210
5.5.3 Strength of Subgrade Soil Foundation 214
5.5.4 Effect of Blast Loading from Different Burst Heights 220
5.6 Conclusion 226
References 227
6 Conclusions and Recommendations 230
Abstract 230
6.1 Conclusions of This Study 230
6.1.1 Conclusions on Laboratory Impact Test 230
6.1.2 Conclusion on Full Scale Field Blast Test 231
6.1.3 Conclusion on Laboratory Interface Test 232
6.1.4 Conclusion on Material Modeling 233
6.1.5 Conclusion on Numerical Modeling 233
6.1.6 Development of Design Chart 235
6.2 Recommendations for Future Research 235
Erratum to: Multi-layer Pavement System under Blast Load 237
Erratum to:& #6
Index 238