Migration Processes in the Soil and Groundwater Zone (1991)

Ludwig Luckner

METHODS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELLING. MODEL CONCEPTS FOR AIR, WATER, AND SOLIDS. Characterization of Multi-Component Systems. Mixphase Model of Air. Mixphase Model of Water. Mixphase Model of the Rock Matrix. SUBSURFACE MODEL CONCEPT. Scale of Observation. The "Mobile/Immobile" Two-Phase Model Approach. Multi-Fluid Immiscible Flow Model Approach. Concepts for Limiting Cases of Fluid Distribution and Flow. MASS TRANSPORT IN THE SUBSURFACE. Molecular Diffusion. Convection and Hydrodynamic Dispersion. Scale Problems of Hydrodynamic Dispersion. Applicability of the Hydrodynamic Dispersion Model Approach. PHASE INTERNAL CONVERSION PROCESSES. Fundamentals of Chemical Thermodynamics. Association and Dissociation of Particles in Solution. Acid-Base Reaction Processes. Oxidation-Reduction Processes. PHASE EXCHANGE. Dynamics of Exchange Processes. Exchange Processes. Dissolution and Precipitation Processes. Biological Metabolism of Migrants. Ecological Fundamentals. The Subsurface as a Living Space. Biogenic Substance and Energy Conversion. STORAGE PROCESS MODELS. HEAT MIGRATION. Heat Transport in the Subsurface. Phase Exchange, Storage, and Transformation Processes. MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE TOTAL MIGRATION PROCESS. Process Assessment. Methodological Examples. Heat Migration in the Vadose Subsurface. Migration of Oxygen in the Aerated Subsurface. Deionization of Water in the Subsurface. Initial and Boundary Conditions. REFERENCES. SOLUTION METHODS. ANALYTICAL SOLUTION METHODS. Review of Important Solution Methods. Solution of Convective Models. Solution of Diffusive/Dispersive Models. Solution of Dispersive-Convective Models. Computation of Analytical Solutions. NUMERICAL SOLUTION METHODS. Fundamentals of Building Discrete Migration Models. Formulation of Space-Discrete Mathematical Models. Formation of Time-Discrete Mathematical Models. Algorithms for One-and Quasi-One-Dimensional Migration Processes. Efficient Algorithms for Two-Dimensional Migration Processes. PARAMETER ESTIMATION. Fundamental Approach and Algorithm. Examples Using the "Straight-Line Method". Examples Using the "Type Curve Method". Example of Optimization with Objective Functions. REFERENCES. TECHNIQUES OF PARAMETER ESTIMATION. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE. Sampling Subsurface Solids. Collection of Soil-Water and Groundwater Samples. Soil-Air Sampling. TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLE ANALYSIS. Analysis of Water and Air Samples. Migration Tests in Laboratories. Value of Parameters Determined from Samples. FIELD TEST METHODS. Geophysical Test Methods. Tests in the Natural Groundwater Flow. Pumping and Injection Tracer Tests. Seepage Tests. Value of Parameters Determined by Field Test Methods. MIGRATION PROCESS OBSERVATION AND INTERPRETATION. Monitoring Environmental Migrants. Monitoring of Migration Processes. REFERENCES.