Voltage Control in the Future Power Transmission Systems (eBook)
XXIV, 240 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-319-69886-1 (ISBN)
This book reports on the formulation of a multi-stage optimization framework for the Danish power system, taking into account the real operational cost, the voltage constraints and the uncertainty associated to the forecasting errors of the wind power. It describes in detail the implementation of this framework into a simulation platform and its validation in real-world applications. The book especially focuses on automatic voltage control systems and on methods to handle uncertainty in them. All in all, it provides readers with a comprehensive overview of power system optimization and future trends in power system operation.
Supervisor’s Foreword 8
Parts of this thesis have been published in the following articles: 11
Acknowledgements 12
Contents 13
Symbols and Abbreviations 16
1 Introduction 20
1.1 Background 20
1.2 Challenges of the Voltage Control in the Danish System 23
1.2.1 Reactive Power Reserve 23
1.2.2 Coordinated Voltage Control 24
1.2.3 Effective and Efficient Adjustments 24
1.3 Motivation 25
1.4 Project Objectives 28
1.5 Thesis Outline 29
References 30
2 Load Flow Calculation 31
2.1 Load Flow Analysis 31
2.2 Newton-Raphson Method 34
2.2.1 Load Flow with Newton-Raphson Method 35
2.3 Holomorphic Embedding Load Flow Method 40
2.3.1 The HELM Concept 40
2.3.2 Padé Approximantion 42
2.3.3 Continued Fraction 43
2.3.4 Load Flow Solution with HELM 45
2.3.5 HELM Calculation Procedure 49
2.3.6 Case Studies with HELM 54
2.4 Summary 57
References 58
3 Numerical Optimization 59
3.1 Nonlinear Programming 59
3.1.1 Optimality Conditions 60
3.1.2 Prime-Dual Interior Point Method 60
3.1.3 Trust Region Method 63
3.2 Artificial Intellegent Method 66
3.3 Summary 66
References 67
4 Danish AVC System 68
4.1 State-of-the-Art 68
4.1.1 Hierarchical Control 68
4.1.2 Centralized Control 70
4.1.3 Summary of the Review 70
4.1.4 Existing Product for the Danish AVC System 74
4.1.5 The Expected Danish AVC System 79
4.2 Reactive Power Components 82
4.2.1 Synchronous Generator 82
4.2.2 Passive Shunt Compensator 84
4.2.3 Power Electronic Device-Based Compensator 86
4.2.4 Transformer Tap Changer 89
4.2.5 Summary 89
4.3 The Optimization Framework of the Danish AVC System 90
4.3.1 Objective 90
4.3.2 Constraints 93
4.3.3 Discretization 95
4.4 Multi-stage Optimization 98
4.4.1 Motivation 99
4.4.2 Multi-stage Optimization Problem Formulation 100
4.4.3 Recursive Formulation 105
4.4.4 Rolling Process 107
4.5 The Danish Wind Power Forecasting System 110
4.6 Robustness Improvement of the Multi-stage Optimization Framework 116
4.6.1 Linear Estimation 117
4.6.2 Scenario-Based Method 118
4.6.3 Voltage Security Margin 125
4.7 Monte Carlo Simulations—Normal to Anything 128
4.8 Summary 129
References 130
5 Implementation 133
5.1 Data Source 133
5.2 Data Structure 136
5.3 Pre-processing 136
5.3.1 Brainy’s Tree Sorting Method 137
5.3.2 Zero Impedance Branch 137
5.3.3 Network Reduction 138
5.4 Decision Variable Definition 141
5.5 Sequential Update 145
5.6 Programming 146
5.6.1 The Continuous Optimization 146
5.6.2 Discretization 151
5.6.3 Finite Difference 154
5.6.4 Integration to the Forecasting System 154
5.7 Example 155
5.7.1 Simulation Results 158
5.8 Summary 166
References 167
6 Case Studies 168
6.1 Simulation Setup 169
6.2 Loss Minimization 174
6.3 Cost Minimization 179
6.4 MORPF for the Cost Minimization 182
6.5 MORPF Employing Large Wind Farms 187
6.6 MORPF with Voltage Security Margin 196
6.7 Results Summary 202
6.8 Extreme Case 204
6.9 Summary 206
References 207
7 Fallback Scheme 208
7.1 Fallback Controller 209
7.2 Grid Decomposition for the Fallback Controllers 213
7.3 Case Study 216
7.4 Summary 221
References 221
8 Conclusions 222
8.1 Answer to the Objectives 222
8.2 The Contributions 227
8.3 The Future Work 230
About the Author 232
Appendix A: Voltage Control by Tap Ratio in Helm 233
Appendix B: Derivative 237
Appendix C: Dataset 245
Appendix D: Report 248
Appendix E: Shunt controllers in DK1 250
Erscheint lt. Verlag | 10.11.2017 |
---|---|
Reihe/Serie | Springer Theses | Springer Theses |
Zusatzinfo | XXIV, 240 p. 119 illus., 104 illus. in color. |
Verlagsort | Cham |
Sprache | englisch |
Themenwelt | Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik |
Schlagworte | Automatic Voltage Control • Coordinated Voltage Control • Danish AVC System • Danish Transmission Grid • Fallback Controller • Load Flow Algorithm • Monte Carlo simulations • Multi-Stage Optimization Problems • Multi-Stage Optimized Reactive Power Flow (MORPF) • Uncertainty in AVC Systems • Wind Power Forecasting Errors • Wind Power Generation • Wind Power Uncertainty • Wind Power Variability |
ISBN-10 | 3-319-69886-9 / 3319698869 |
ISBN-13 | 978-3-319-69886-1 / 9783319698861 |
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