Networking Vehicles to Everything

Dr. Markus Mueck, Spectrum Sharing, Intel; Dr. Ingolf Karls, NGS program manager, Intel.

Chapter 1: Introduction  1

 V2X objectives  6

V2X and D2D networking and connectivity  9

Technical challenges for V2X  10

Sensors  10

Computing  12

Networking  13

Society, ethics and politics  17

Outline  23

Chapter 2: Applications and Use Cases  27

Use cases up to 2005  29

Between 2005 and 2011  32

Use cases since 2011  38

Conclusions  50

Chapter 3: V2X Requirements, Standards, and Regulations  59

Requirements  61

Sensors  65

Communications  66

Dynamic high-definition maps  69

Over-the-air updates  71

In-vehicle Infotainment  71

V2X networking and connectivity standards  73

V2X networking and connectivity regulation  79

Conclusions  85

Chapter 4: Technologies  89

Sensing  91

Computing  96

Communications  99

Software  105

HAD maps  108

Functional safety  111

Conclusions  113

Chapter 5: V2X networking and connectivity  121

IEEE 802.11p-based DSRC and ITS-G5  121

LTE and 5G NR V2X  128

C-V2X Phase 1 where 3GPP works on LTE Vehicular Services  131

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) Communications  137

Vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P, P2V) Communications  138

Vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I, I2V) Communications  138

Vehicle-to-network Communications (V2N, N2V)  139



Synchronization  140

Location Determination  142

C-V2X evolution toward Phase 2 and beyond  143

Chapter 6: Infotainment  151

Infotainment  152

Telematics and control  156

In-vehicle connectivity and networking  158

Conclusions  162

Chapter 7: Software Reconfiguration  167

Issues to Be Addressed by Software Reconfiguration  168

Problem statement 1: How to transfer and install radio software

components to a target platform in a secure way  168

Problem statement 2: How to enable a user to access new software

components  168

Problem statement 3: How to deal with device certification in the

context of novel radio software components  169

Problem statement 4: How to achieve software portability and

execution efficiency  169

Problem statement 5: How to enable a gradual evolution toward

software reconfigurability  169

The Regulation Framework: Relationship Between Software

Reconfigurability and the Radio Equipment Directive  169

Mobile Device Reconfiguration Classes: How the Level Of Reconfigurability

Will Grow Over Time  172

The ETSI Reconfiguration Ecosystem  174

Code Efficiency and Portability Through the Radio Virtual Machine  180

Multi-Radio Interface (MURI)  184

RRS Software Reconfigurability For Hardware Updates  186

The ETSI Software Reconfiguration Solution in Comparison to Other

Alternatives  187

ETSI Security Framework for Software Reconfiguration  188

Responsibility Management  190

Conclusion  193

Chapter 8: Outlook  195

Appendix A  203

List of acronyms  203

Index  251