Alternatives To Animal Testing (eBook)

Ronald E Hester is at the University of York, UK Roy M Harrison OBE is at the University of Birmingham, UK

Part One: General Overview of the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals; 1: Introduction; 2: Legislation and regulatory requirements; 3: The regulatory paradigm; 4: The interface between toxicology and risk assessment; 5: Interpreting toxicology; 6: Conclusions; 7: References; Part Two: International Validation and Barriers to the Validation of Alternative Tests; 1: Introduction; 2: Background to the Validation Process; 3: The Validation Process; 4: Problems Being Encountered in Implementing the Validation Process; 5: The Need for an Invalidation Process; 6: Concluding Remarks; 7: References; Part Three: In Vitro Testing for Endocrine Disruptors; 1: Introduction; 2: In Silico Approaches; 3: In Vitro Tests for EDs; 4: Discussion; 5: Conclusions; 6: Acknowledgement; 7: References; Part Four: Intelligent Approaches to Safety Evaluation; 1: Introduction; 2: Hazardous properties assessment; 3: Risk Assessment; 4: Existing Studies and Literature Data; 5: Surrogate Data: Calculation, Read Across and SAR/QSAR; 6: Alternatives to Animal Toxicology Studies; 7: Data Waivers; 8: Expert reports and weight of evidence; 9: Preliminary risk assessments; 10: EU Registration, Evaluation and Registration scheme (REACH); 11: Data for REACH; 12: Regulatory planning & liaison with the regulators; 13: Common themes; 14: Acknowledgements; 15: References; Part Five: Alternative Tests and the 7th Amendment to the Cosmetics Directive; 1: Introduction; 2: Overview of current approaches to risk assessment for cosmetics; 3: 7th amendment to the EU Cosmetics Directive (76/768/EEC); 4: Status of alternative tests; 5: Endpoints where risk assessment for cosmetics can be achieved without using animal data; 6: Endpoints where risk assessment for cosmetics cannot currently be achieved without using animal data; 7: New approaches to risk assessment without animals; 8: Acknowledgements; 9: References;