The History of Multiphase Science and Computational Fluid Dynamics (eBook)

Robert W. Lyczkowski received his BChE in from Cleveland State University, Fenn School of Engineering and MS in Gas Engineering and PhD in Gas Technology from Illinois Institute of Technology.  He worked for Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Energy Incorporated, Goodyear Atomic Corp., Hooker Chemical Corp., and as a faculty member at Illinois Institute of Technology.  He has been involved for over forty years in chemical and nuclear engineering applications of his multiphase theory and computational fluid dynamics expertise especially in the areas of heat transfer and energy conversion to develop models that are now used by industry world-wide to design various two-phase flow equipment.  He is a Fellow of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and a recipient of the prestigious Ernst W. Thiele Award.Most of Dr. Lyczkowski’s career was spent as a Chemical Engineer in the Energy Systems Division at Argonne National Laboratory.  He was involved with computer modeling of fluidized beds and dense slurries.  His expertise is in the areas of multiphase flow and heat transfer, erosion, light water and liquid metal nuclear reactors, in-situ processing of fuels, and concentrated suspensions.  He applied multiphase dense slurry modeling to the development of a unique non-Newtonian power-law model for multiphase hemodynamics.  This established a completely new paradigm for analyzing the migration of blood-borne particulates.  This model was used to develop a mechanistic monolayer population balance cell-adhesion model to aid in determining the threshold conditions of atherosclerosis initiation and progression.  He was involved with modeling a novel multiphase concept involving chemical water splitting using high temperature steam bubbling into a bath of molten calcium bromide as the first step in the calcium-bromine (Ca-Br) cycle. He is the author of over 150 technical publications (over 50 refereed journal articles and book contributions and over 100 conference papers), over 50 reports, and holds 2 U.S. patents.  He contributed significantly to the development of the RETRAN and COMMIX computer programs. He has recently completed a book titled “The History of Multiphase Science and Computational Fluid Dynamics a Personal Memoir”. 

Foreword 8
Preface 10
Contents 12
About the Author 17
1 Introduction 18
1.1 An Apologia 20
References 21
Predestination 22
2 Cleveland State University, Cleveland 1959–1964 23
2.1 Elmore S. Pettyjohn, Former Director of the Institute of Gas Technology, is on the Faculty of the Fenn College Chemical Engineering Department 29
References 34
3 Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago 1964–1970 36
3.1 Professor Gidaspow Is on the Faculty of the Gas Technology Department 40
3.2 Charlie Solbrig Is on the Faculty of the Gas Technology Department 44
References 46
In a State Far Away 1970–1977 48
4 The Seeds Are Sown by Larry Ybarrondo and Charlie Solbrig in a State Far Away, Idaho Falls, Idaho 49
4.1 The “Loss-of-Coolant Accident” and the RELAP Series of Codes 53
4.2 A Mysterious Stranger Points the Way Forward 57
4.3 The Development of a Totally New Set of Two-Phase Equations 58
References 62
5 Project Development Begins 64
5.1 I Am Hired by Charlie Solbrig to Work on the SLOOP (Seriated Loop) Code at Aerojet Nuclear Company (ANC) 68
References 77
6 Characteristics Analysis of the One-Dimensional, Two-Fluid Partial Differential Equations (PDE’s) Developed by Charlie Solbrig and Dan Hughes 79
6.1 Dimitri’s Sabbatical and the Discovery of Ill-Posedness (Complex Characteristics) of the PDE’s 84
6.2 Characteristics Analyses Using FORMAC 89
References 94
7 The SLOOP Code Development 96
7.1 Dimitri’s Contract Is Extended 100
7.2 Comparison of Prototype Two-Phase SLOOP Code with Analytical Solutions 100
7.3 Attempts to Develop Two-Pressure Models Having Real Characteristics 104
7.4 Summary of SCORE, SPLEN, Executive, ZVUT, EVET, UVET, ADF, SSUVET, and UVUT Codes 107
7.5 Investigations into Why the Pressure Kept Going to Zero for Standard Problem 1 110
7.6 The Los Alamos/Aerojet Meeting of August 27, 1974 116
7.7 SLOOP Code Development Implodes Scattering Most of the Participants 124
References 125
8 The Characteristics Paper Caper 129
8.1 The Journal of Fluid Mechanics Paper 130
8.2 The 1975 ASME Winter Annual Meeting Paper and Presentation 131
8.3 The Nuclear Science and Engineering Paper 138
References 143
The Rise of CFD Codes 145
9 RETRAN Is Initiated at Energy Incorporated for EPRI Hiring the Core SLOOP Code Participants 146
References 154
10 RELAP5 is Initiated by Vic Ransom and Dick Wagner Funded by Larry Ybarrondo 157
References 163
11 DOE Starts Code Development at Systems, Science and Software and JAYCOR to Address the Energy Crisis Caused by the Oil Embargos 165
References 167
12 IIT Code Begins Using Los Alamos’ K-FIX Code 168
12.1 K-FIX Code Obtained from Bill Rivard to Start IIT Code 171
References 179
13 METC Starts Erosion R& D Cooperative Venture and MFIX Code Development Using FLUFIX Code
13.1 The METC Cooperative R& D Venture
13.2 METC Starts the MFIX Code Development 188
References 189
14 The Rise of the First Commercial CFD Codes: PHOENICS, FLUENT, FIDAP, CFX, FLOW-3D, and STAR-CD 191
14.1 PHOENICS Code 191
14.2 FLUENT, FIDAP, CFX, and FLOW-3D Codes 191
14.3 STAR-CD 192
References 193
Attempts to Establish a National Program for Multiphase Flow Research 194
15 The Failure of Argonne National Laboratory to Establish the Multiphase Flow Research Institute 195
References 199
16 DOE OIT Virtual Center for Multiphase Dynamics Effort Begins—Becomes the Multiphase Fluid Dynamics Research Consortium 201
16.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics Technology Roadmap Published as Part of VISION 2020 203
16.2 The Attempt to Establish a Virtual Technology Multiphase Laboratory 204
16.2.1 First VTC “Kickoff” Meeting November 28, 1995 205
16.2.2 Laboratory Coordinating Council Meeting December 6, 1995 206
16.2.3 Second VTC Meeting December 13, 1995 207
16.2.4 Third VTC Meeting February 21, 1996 209
16.2.5 National Workshop on Computational Fluid Dynamics and Multiphase Flow Modeling October 30–31, 1996 212
16.3 The Four-Year Multiphase Fluid Dynamics Research Consortium (MFDRC) is Formed 213
16.4 Vision 2020 Contributes to Commercial Success 219
16.4.1 Collaboration Pays Off—MFDRC Pushes the Frontier of Modeling of Materials Transport 219
16.5 Return on Investment Template 221
References 224
17 NETL Initiates Workshops on Multiphase Flow Research Later Called Multiphase Flow Science 225
References 226
Muliphase Conferences and Gidaspow’s Books 228
18 Conferences and Workshops Addressing Multiphase Needs and Problems Begin Due to Professor Dimitri Gidaspow’s Initiatives 229
References 230
19 Gidaspow Publishes His Two Multiphase Books 232
19.1 Multiphase Flow and Fluidization Continuum and Kinetic Theory Descriptions 232
19.2 Computational Techniques: The Multiphase CFD Approach and Green Energy Technologies 233
References 234
20 Conclusion—What Does the Future Hold? 235
References 239
Appendices 240
Appendix A: Acronyms and Abbreviations 240
Appendix B: Herbert Kouts’ 26th Water Reactor Safety Information Meeting Speech, 1998 243
Appendix C: Reviews for the Journal of Fluid Mechanics Manuscript “One-Dimensional Two-Phase Flow Equations and Their Characteristics” 249
Appendix D: Extracts from reviews of the manuscript “Characteristics and Stability Analysis of Transient One-Dimensional Two-Phase Equations and Their Finite Difference Approximations” by D. Gidaspow, R.W. Lyczkowski, C.W. Solbrig and E.D. Hughes for the session Fundamentals of Two-Phase Flow at the 1975 Winter Annual ASME Meeting, Houston, Nov. 30-Dec. 4, 1975 254
Appendix E: Discussion on the ASME paper 75-WA/HT-25 “Characteristics and Stability Analysis of Transient One-Dimensional Two-Phase Equations and Their Finite Difference Approximations” by D. Gidaspow, R.W. Lyczkowski, C.W. Solbrig and E.D. Hughes for the session Fundamentals of Two-Phase Flow at the 1975 Winter Annual ASME Meeting, Houston, Nov. 30-Dec. 4, 1975 256
Appendix F: John Ramshaw’s Unpublished Commentary on his Paper with John Trapp 268
Appendix G: Carl Hocevar’s letter of Resignation on September 21, 1974 to Dixie Lee Ray, Chair of the Atomic Energy Commission 240
Appendix H: Chemical Process CFD Users Group Charter 273
Appendix I: Memorandum of Cooperation for the DOE Virtual Technology Center for Multiphase Dynamics (VCMD) 275
Appendix J: Review and Comments on the 2006 NETL Technology Roadmap 279
Notes 318
Index 324