Particle Image Velocimetry

Markus Raffel received his degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1990 from the Technical University of Karlsruhe, his doctorate in Engineering in 1993 from the University of Hannover and his lecturer qualification (Habilitation) from the Technical University Clausthal, in 2001. He started working on PIV at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in 1991 with emphasis on the development of PIV recording techniques in high-speed ows. In this process he applied the method to a number of aerodynamic problems mainly in the context of rotorcraft investigations. Markus Raffel additionally works on the development of other ow metrology like the background-oriented schlieren technique and the differential infrared thermography. He is professor at the University of Hannover and head of the Department of Helicopters at DLR's Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology in Goettingen. Christian Willert received his Bachelor of Science in Applied Science from the University of California at San Diego (UCSD) in 1987. Subsequent graduate work in experimental fluid mechanics at UCSD lead to the development of several non-intrusive measurement techniques for application in water (particle tracing, 3-D particle tracking, digital PIV). After receiving his Ph.D. in Engineering Sciences in 1992, he assumed post-doctoral positions first at the Institute for Nonlinear Science (INLS) at UCSD, then at the Graduate Aeronautical Laboratories at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). In 1994 he joined DLR Goettingen's measurement sciences group as part of an exchange program between Caltech and DLR. Since 1997 he has been working in the development and application of planar velocimetry techniques (PIV and Doppler Global Velocimetry (DGV)) at the Institute of Propulsion Technology of DLR and now is heading the Department of Engine Measurement Techniques there. Fulvio Scarano graduated in Aerospace Engineering at University of Naples (1996). Obtained the Ph.D. in 2000 (von Karman Institute, Theodor von Karman prize) and joined TU Delft at the faculty of Aerospace Engineering in the Aerodynamics Section in the same year. Since 2008 he is full professor of Aerodynamics and acts as head of section since 2010. Starting director of Aerospace Engineering Graduate School (2012). Currently director of the AWEP department (Aerodynamics, Wind Energy, Flight Performance and propulsion). Recipient of Marie-Curie grant (1999), Dutch Science Foundation VIDI grant (2005) and of the European Research Council grant (ERC, 2009). European project coordinator (AFDAR, Advanced Flow Diagnostics for Aeronautical Research, 2010-2013). Promoted and supervised more than 20 PhDs. The research interests cover the development of particle image velocimetry (PIV) and its applications to high-speed aerodynamics in the supersonic and hypersonic regime. Notable developments are the image deformation technique, Tomographic PIV for 3D ow velocity measurements and its use to Preface XI quantitatively determine pressure uctuations and acoustic emissions in wind tunnel experiments. Recent works deal with the combination of PIV data with CFD techniques, extension of PIV to large-scale wind tunnel experiments and applications ranging from sport aerodynamics to ground vehicles, from aircraft to rocket aerodynamics. Author of more than 200 publications, delivered more than 20 keynote lectures worldwide. He acts as editorial board member of many international conferences and journals, Measurement Science and Technology and Experiments in Fluids, among others. Christian J. Kaehler received his Physics Diplom Degree from the Technical University Clausthal in 1997, his PhD in Physics from the Georg August University of Goettingen in 2004 and his Habilitation from the Technical University in Brunswick in 2008. From 1996 to 2001 Dr. Kaehler worked at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Goettingen (Dr. Kompenhans), during which he had research stays at the University of Illinois at Urban

Physical and Technical Background.- Mathematical Background of Statistical PIV Evaluation.- PIV Recording Techniques.- Image Evaluation Methods for PIV.- Post-Processing of PIV Data.- Three-Component PIV Measurements.- Micro-PIV.- Examples of Application.- Related Techniques.