Proceedings of the 28th Conference of Spacecraft TT&C Technology in China (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 7
Spacecraft TT& C Science and Technology
1 Discussion on Networked and Integrated Space-Ground Information System 13
1.1 Introduction 13
1.2 Space Information System Development Trends 14
1.3 Suggestions on Networking and Integration of the Space-Based Information System 20
1.4 Key Technologies Needed to Break Through 27
1.5 Conclusion 30
References 31
2 Preliminary Discussion on the TTC and Management of Commercial Space in China 32
2.1 Introduction 32
2.2 The Current Developing Situation of Commercial Space and Commercial Aerospace TTC at Home and Abroad 33
2.2.1 The Current Developing Situation of Commercial Space at Home and Abroad 33
2.2.2 The Current Developing Situation of Commercial Space TTC at Home and Abroad 35
2.3 Enlightenment of Commercial Space TTC to Our Country 37
2.3.1 The General Trend of TTC and Management Development is Diversified 37
2.3.2 It is Imperative to Moderate Encourage the Development of Commercial Space TTC 38
2.4 Preliminary Discussion on the TTC and Management of Commercial Space in China 39
2.4.1 Strengthen Space Legislation 39
2.4.2 Explore the New Commercial Space TTC and Management Model 39
2.4.3 Enhance the Management of Commercial Satellite Services 40
2.5 Conclusion 41
References 41
3 The Deputy Reflector Control Technology of the Large Deep Space Antenna 43
3.1 Introduction 43
3.2 The Mathematical Model of Deputy Reflector Parallel Mechanism 45
3.3 The Coordinate of 6-DOF Parallel Mechanism [11, 12] 45
3.4 The Position Inverse Solution of 6-DOF Parallel Mechanism [12, 13] 46
3.5 The Position Forward Solution of 6-DOF Parallel Mechanism [14–17] 48
3.6 The Electric Control of the Deputy Reflector Mechanism 49
3.7 The Kinematics Analysis of the 6-DOF Deputy Reflector Control Mechanism 50
3.8 The Relationship Between the Deputy Reflector Control and Antenna Control 53
3.9 Conclusions 53
Acknowledge 53
References 54
4 The Study on the Adjustment Model of Sub-reflector and Engineering Realization Method 55
4.1 Introduction 55
4.2 The Influence of the Posture Change of Sub-reflector on the Antenna 56
4.2.1 The Definition of the Coordinate 56
4.2.2 The Influence of the Longitudinal Off-Set Focus on Antenna Gain 57
4.2.3 The Horizontal Translation of Sub-reflector 58
4.2.4 The Sub-reflector Rotates About the Vertex 59
4.3 Sub-reflector Posture Adjustment Model 60
4.4 Project Realization of Sub-reflector Adjustment 62
4.4.1 Sub-reflector Adjustment Dimension Determination 62
4.4.2 Project Realization of Sub-reflector Adjustment 62
4.4.3 Practical Examples 63
4.5 Conclusions 65
References 65
5 Experiment and Performance Analysis of Iterative FX Correlation Combining Algorithm for Arraying in Deep Space Network 67
5.1 Introduction 67
5.2 The Principle of FX Correlation Algorithm 68
5.3 The Iterative FX Correlation Combining Algorithm 71
5.4 The Simulation Results and Analysis 74
5.4.1 The Algorithm Performance Under Various Input Conditions 74
5.4.2 The Performance Comparison of Various Combining Methods 75
5.5 Conclusions 76
References 76
6 Research on RF Link Management Technology of Telemetry Network System 78
6.1 Introduction 78
6.2 iNET TmNS Architecture 79
6.3 RF Link Management 80
6.3.1 Overview of Link Management 80
6.3.2 Dynamic Capacity Allocation Algorithm 82
6.3.3 The Link Manager Software Architecture 85
6.4 Conclusion 86
References 86
7 Analysis of Radar Signals Induced by Symmetric Antenna Interference Region of Transponder 88
7.1 Introduction 88
7.2 The Oretical Analysis of Returned Signal Induced by Symmetric Antenna Interference Region 89
7.2.1 Analysis of Transponder’s Antenna 89
7.2.2 Analysis of the AGC 90
7.2.3 Analysis of Doppler and Micro-Doppler Induced by Symmetric Antenna Interference Region 92
7.3 Analysis of Data Gathered by Radar Stations Based on AGC, Error Voltage, Doppler and Micro-Doppler 93
7.3.1 Data Analysis of AGC and Error Voltage 93
7.3.2 Data Analysis of the Doppler and the Micro-Doppler 95
7.3.3 The Summary of Results 97
7.4 Conclusion 97
References 97
8 Deep Learning for Mid-term Forecast of Daily Index of Solar 10.7 cm Radio Flux 99
8.1 Introduction 99
8.2 Methodology 101
8.2.1 Model of Forecast 101
8.2.2 Model of Learning 101
8.2.3 Evaluation Criteria 103
8.3 Experiment 103
8.4 Conclusion and Discussion 106
Acknowledgements 106
References 106
9 The Analysis of the Semi-major Axis Changed by the North–South Control of the Beidou GEO Satellites 108
9.1 Introduction 108
9.2 The North–South Control Mode of the BeiDou GEO Satellites 108
9.3 The Analysis of the Influence of the North–South Control on the Semi-major Axis 109
9.3.1 The Influence of Gyro Drift on the Semi-major Axis 109
9.3.2 The Influence of Attitude Control on the Semi-major Axis 111
9.3.3 The Influence of the Orbital Plane Change on the Semi-major Axis 111
9.3.4 The Influence of Other Factors on the Semi-major Axis 113
9.4 The Practical Verification 113
9.4.1 The Coupling of the Semi-major Axis Caused by Gyro Drift 114
9.4.2 The Coupling of the Semi-major Axis Caused by Attitude Control 114
9.4.3 The Coupling of the Semi-major Axis Caused by the Orbital Plane Change 115
9.4.4 The Coupling of the Semi-major Axis Caused by Other Factors 115
9.4.5 Brief Summary 116
9.5 Conclusions 116
References 117
10 Autonomous Orbit Determination of Satellites Around Triangular Libration Points in the Earth–Moon System 118
10.1 Introduction 118
10.2 The Force Model 119
10.2.1 The Sun–Earth–Moon System 119
10.2.2 The Full Force Model 120
10.3 Two Special Kinds of Orbits Around the TLPS 121
10.3.1 Dynamical Substitutes Orbit 121
10.3.2 Orbit Around the Dynamical Substitutes 121
10.4 Orbit Determination Issues 122
10.4.1 OD Process 122
10.4.2 OD Data Generation 122
10.5 Numerical Simulation 123
10.5.1 L4--1 and L4--1_around 123
10.5.1.1 Position of L4--1_around 123
10.5.1.2 Length of Data 125
10.5.1.3 Initial Point 126
10.5.2 L4--1 and L4--2 127
10.5.2.1 Length of Data 127
10.5.2.2 Initial Point 129
10.5.2.3 Vertical Displacement 132
10.6 Conclusions 133
Acknowledgements 134
References 134
11 Orbit Maneuver Detection Based on Space-Based Angle Innovation 136
11.1 Introduction 136
11.2 Mathematic Model 137
11.2.1 Space-Based Angle Tracking 137
11.2.2 Maneuver Detection Based on Innovation 138
11.2.2.1 Hypothesis Test Method 139
11.2.2.2 Maneuver Detection Method 139
Innovation and Noise Comparison Method 140
Distribution Parameter Detection Method 140
Innovation Comparison Method 141
Normalized Innovation Method 141
11.3 Numerical Simulation 142
11.3.1 Test of Innovation Distribution 142
11.3.2 Multi-Test Weighted Fusion Group 144
11.3.3 Single Test Group 144
11.4 Conclusions 146
Acknowledgements 146
References 146
12 A Simulation Study of Orbit Determination for Lunar Probe via Relay Satellite 148
12.1 Introduction 148
12.2 Basic Measurement Principles 149
12.2.1 Observation Equation 149
12.2.2 Measurement Error 150
12.3 Simulation and Analysis 151
12.3.1 Tracking Performance for Lunar Probes 151
12.3.2 Orbit Determination Analysis Based on Four-Way Ranging 151
12.3.3 Analysis of Orbit Determination Based on Inter-satellite Tracking Data 153
12.3.4 Analysis of the Short-Arc Ground-Based Auxiliary Tracking Data 153
12.4 Conclusions 155
References 156
13 A Multi-dimensional Genetic Algorithm for Spacecraft TT& C Resources Unified Scheduling
13.1 Introduction 157
13.2 Hybrid Genetic Algorithm with Multi-dimensional Encoding 158
13.2.1 Two Methods of One-Dimensional Encoding 158
13.2.2 Multi-dimensional Encoding 159
13.2.2.1 Encoding Rules 159
13.2.2.2 Encoding 160
13.2.3 Fitness Function 161
13.2.4 Constraints Process 161
13.3 Algorithms Comparison 163
13.3.1 Simulation Descript 163
13.3.2 Simulation Result 164
13.3.3 Simulation Result 165
13.4 Conclusion 166
References 166
14 Research on Health State Evaluation Method of Ground-Based TT& C Network
14.1 Introduction 168
14.2 Health Evaluation Model for the Ground-Based TT& C Network
14.2.1 Overall Evaluation Design 169
14.2.2 Module Evaluation Design 171
14.3 Implementation of Ground-Based TT& C Network Health Condition Evaluation
14.3.1 Indicator System Establishment 172
14.3.1.1 Control Center Indicators 172
14.3.1.2 TT& C Node Indicators
14.3.1.3 Communication Link Indicator System 173
14.3.2 Determination of Weights 174
14.3.2.1 Weights of Module Indicators 174
14.3.2.2 Weights of TT& C Nodes
14.3.3 Determination of Standard Values 176
14.3.4 Data Collection and Evaluation 176
14.3.4.1 Evaluation Scopes 177
14.3.4.2 Indicator Calculation 177
14.3.4.3 Health Evaluation 177
14.4 Conclusions 179
References 179
15 Space-Ground TT& C Resources Integrated Scheduling Based on the Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization
15.1 Introductions 181
15.2 Space-Ground TT& C Resources Integrated Scheduling System
15.3 Space-Ground TT& C Resources Integrated Scheduling Model
15.3.1 Preliminaries 184
15.3.2 Constraints 185
15.3.3 Scheduling Model 187
15.4 GA-ACO Hybrid Algorithm 187
15.4.1 Algorithm Framework and Hybrid Strategy 188
15.4.2 Pheromone Initialization Process Based on the Genetic Algorithm 188
15.4.2.1 Coding and Population Initialization 188
15.4.2.2 Genetic Component Design 190
15.4.2.3 Decoding 191
15.4.3 The Solving Process of ACO 191
15.4.3.1 Construction Graph 191
15.4.3.2 Solution Construction 191
15.4.3.3 Pheromone Trail Update 192
15.5 Simulation Example and Result Analysis 192
15.5.1 Scene Design 192
15.5.2 Parameter Settings 194
15.5.3 Simulation Result 194
15.6 Conclusions 197
Acknowledgements 197
References 197
16 Design and Realization of the Three Layers Telemetry Data Transfer Software Frame 199
16.1 Introduction 199
16.2 Functions and Features of DTE 200
16.3 The Original Design Frame of Telemetry Transfer Software 200
16.3.1 The General Frame of Telemetry Transfer Software 200
16.3.2 The Frame of Telemetry Transfer Software Based on “Data Source” 201
16.4 Software Frame Design 203
16.4.1 Software Frame Design of “Three Layers Data” 203
16.4.2 Detailed Disposal Flow of “Three Layers Data” Frame 204
16.4.3 Advantages of “Three Layers Data” Frame 205
16.4.3.1 Reasonable Data Abstraction, Reduce the Coupling of Different Links 205
16.4.3.2 Efficiently Filter and Judge Data, Simplify the Frame to Improve Efficiency 206
16.4.3.3 Flexible Data Grouping, Improve Visual Operation Ability 206
16.5 The New Frame Software is Completed in the Kylin Operation System 207
16.5.1 The Realization of DTE 207
16.5.2 The Key Technology and Characteristics 207
16.5.2.1 Module Design Without Telemetry, Improve Generalization of Transfer Software 207
16.5.2.2 The Process of Establishing the Task State like Building Blocks, Improve the Efficiency of Maintenance 208
16.5.2.3 Data Display of Jigsaw, Focus on Key Data 209
16.5.2.4 The United Structure of Data Storage, Accelerate Data Analysis After Tasks 209
16.5.2.5 Long-Distance Order Interface, Adapt Future Automatic Operation Demands 209
16.6 Conclusion 209
References 210
17 Telemetry Communication in Complex Attitude Conditions Based on Space-Time Coding 211
17.1 Introduction 211
17.2 System Model 212
17.3 Channel Estimation Algorithm 213
17.4 Space-Time Soft Decoding Algorithm 216
17.5 Performance Simulation 218
17.6 Conclusion 219
Acknowledgements 219
References 219
18 Development of the Lunar-Earth and Deep Space TT& C System with Several Key Techniques
18.1 Introduction 221
18.2 Lunar-Earth and Deep Space TT& C Task Requirements
18.2.1 Overall Demand for Lunar-Earth and Even Further Deep Space TT& C System
18.2.2 The Requirement of Deep Space TT& C System to Ka Band and Optical Frequency Band
18.3 An Overview of the Current Development Situation 224
18.3.1 The General Trend 224
18.3.2 Development of Deep Space TT& C System in Radio Frequency Band
18.3.3 Development of Deep Space TT& C System in Optical Frequency Band
18.3.4 Summary of Development Trend in China and International 232
18.4 Related New Concept and Technology 236
18.4.1 IROC Technology 236
18.4.2 Stable Phase Transmission Technology of Microwave Photonic RF Signals 237
18.5 Conclusions 238
Acknowledgements 239
References 239
19 An Improved MFSK Signal Detection Algorithm for Mars Probe Entry, Descent, Landing Phase 242
19.1 Introduction 242
19.2 The Analysis of MFSK During EDL 244
19.3 The Analysis of CRE-ML 245
19.4 The Analysis of 4D-TDMAP 246
19.5 Simulation and Verification 247
19.5.1 Simulation Parameter Setting 247
19.5.2 The Simulation Results 248
19.5.3 The Analysis of Computation Complexity for CRE-ML and 4D-TDMAP 249
19.6 Conclusion 251
References 251
20 Robust Fault Detection for a Spacecraft with Lipschitz Nonlinear System 252
20.1 Introduction 252
20.2 Problem Description 253
20.3 Design of Sliding Mode Observer 254
20.3.1 System Equivalent Decomposition and Sliding Mode Observer Design 254
20.3.2 Analysis of the Convergence and Existence of Sliding Mode 257
20.3.3 Application of Sliding Mode Observer in Robust Fault Detection 260
20.4 Simulation and Verification 260
20.5 Conclusions 263
References 263
21 Human Motion Capture Similarity Control for Space Teleoperation 264
21.1 Introduction 264
21.2 Adaptive Terminal Sliding Mode Similarity Control Method 265
21.2.1 Output Predictor 267
21.2.2 Adaptive Terminal Sliding Mode Controller 267
21.2.3 Similarity Controller 268
21.3 Performance Analysis of Control System 270
21.3.1 Stability Analysis 270
21.3.2 Joint Similarity Verification 272
21.4 Experimental Verification 274
21.4.1 Numerical Simulation 274
21.4.2 Ground Experiments 278
21.5 Conclusions 279
References 280
22 Analysis and Design of the Stabilization Loop for Ship-Borne Antenna Servo System 281
22.1 Introduction 281
22.2 The Design of the Stabilization Loop Regulator 281
22.3 The Realization of the Regulator 283
22.3.1 Specific Form of Regulator 283
22.3.2 Parameter Design 284
22.4 The Experiment and Analysis 285
22.4.1 Step Test of Servo Loop 285
22.4.2 Test of Isolating the Ship-Swaying 286
22.4.3 The Application of the Stabilization Loop 287
22.5 Conclusion 288
References 288
Object Exploration and Identification 289
23 Target Recognition of Radar HRRP Using the Envelope Reconstruction 290
23.1 Introduction 290
23.2 Analysis of the Real HRRP Features 291
23.2.1 Signal Model of HRRP 292
23.2.2 Properties of Real HRRP 293
23.2.3 Reconstruction of the Real HRRP with SA 294
23.3 Target Recognition Scheme 296
23.3.1 Preprocessing 297
23.3.2 Feature Extraction Based on Legendre Moments 298
23.3.3 Classification Algorithms Using SVM 299
23.4 Experiment Results 299
23.4.1 Recognition Results for Measured Data 299
23.4.2 Recognition Performances of Legendre Moments Versus Central Moments with Different Orders 301
23.4.3 Comparison Between SA and IFFT with Various SNR 305
23.5 Conclusions 307
References 308
24 An Improved Adaptive SRCKF Algorithm for Non-cooperative Target Orbit Determination 310
24.1 Introduction 310
24.2 Problem Formulation 311
24.2.1 Orbit Dynamics Model 311
24.2.2 Measurement Model 312
24.3 Filter Algorithm 312
24.3.1 Nonlinear Predictive Filter 312
24.3.2 Square-Root Cubature Kalman filtering 314
24.3.3 Adaptive Square-Root Cubature Kalman Filter 316
24.3.4 Simulation and Results 317
24.4 Conclusions 319
References 320
25 Influence Analysis of the High-Energy Electrons on Geosynchronous Orbit Satellite 321
25.1 Introduction 321
25.2 Mechanism 322
25.3 Space Environment and Satellite Fault Analysis 323
25.3.1 Space Environment Situation 323
25.3.2 Analysis 324
25.3.3 Summary 325
25.4 Research on High Energy Electron Forecasting Technology 325
25.4.1 Theoretical Analysis 325
25.4.2 Research on Conventional Forecasting 326
25.4.3 Research on Special Forecasting 327
25.5 Conclusion 328
References 328
26 Image Fusion Method Based on Sparse and Redundant Representation 330
26.1 Introduction 330
26.2 Sparse and Redundant Representation Theory 332
26.3 Image Fusion Method 334
26.3.1 Sparse Representation of Image Fusion 334
26.3.2 Fusion Strategy 335
26.4 Experimental Result 336
26.4.1 Dictionary Training 336
26.4.2 Parameter Determination 339
26.4.3 Algorithm Comparison 340
26.5 Conclusion 343
References 344
27 An Improved Test Method to Study the pBRDF of the Rough Surface of Targets 346
27.1 Introduction 346
27.2 The Experimental Theory and Method 347
27.2.1 pBRDF Measuring Method 347
27.2.2 The Angle Measuring Method 349
27.2.3 pBRDF Matrix Calculating Method 350
27.2.4 The Equipment of Experiment 352
27.3 The Experiments and the Results 353
27.3.1 Information About the Standard Reflector and the Samples to Detect 353
27.3.2 The Experimental Results of the Standard Reflector 354
27.3.3 The Experimental Results of the Green Coating 356
27.4 Conclusions 359
References 360
28 Study on the Geometric Super Resolution by Code Division Multiplexing Technology 361
28.1 Introduction 361
28.2 Under-Sample Effect 362
28.3 Encoded and Decode Method 363
28.4 Simulation 365
28.5 Discussions 367
References 368
29 Processing the Reflectance Data of Rough Surface for Inversing the Index of Refraction 369
29.1 Introduction 369
29.2 Problem Describe 370
29.2.1 P-G Model 370
29.2.2 Vimal–Milo Method 371
29.3 Inversing the Complex Index of Refraction 372
29.3.1 Basic Theory 372
29.3.2 Inversing Function 373
29.3.3 Algorithm Design 375
29.4 Experiments and Results 375
29.4.1 Experiments and Data 375
29.4.2 Inversing the Index 376
29.4.3 Regression Validation 377
29.5 Conclusion 378
References 378
30 Polarization Optical Image Processing Used in the Target Detection and Identification 379
30.1 Introduction 379
30.2 Theories of Polarization Front-Processing 380
30.3 Simulations of the Processing 382
30.4 Experiments Outside and Analysis 383
30.5 Conclusion 385
References 386
31 Analysis of Drift Adjustment by Space Optical Camera Platform 387
31.1 Introduction 387
31.2 The Mechanism and Calculation Method of Drift Angle 388
31.2.1 The Mechanism of Drift Angle 388
31.2.1.1 The Calculation Method of Drift Angle 388
31.3 The Analysis of the Effect of Drift Angle on Imaging Quality 390
31.4 The Flight Test Result Analysis for Platform Drifting Adjustment 391
31.4.1 The Theoretical Calculation Results of Drift Angle and Analysis 391
31.4.2 The Result Analysis on Flight Test 392
31.4.3 The Analysis of Residual Drift Adjustment by Platform 394
31.5 Conclusions 395
References 395
32 The Study on Retrieval Technique of Significant Wave Height Using Airborne GNSS-R 396
32.1 Introduction 396
32.2 Significant Wave Height Retrieval Method 398
32.2.1 Collection and Storage Technology of Massive GNSS-R Data 398
32.2.2 Significant Wave Height Retrieval Method Using GNSS-R 399
32.3 Experimental Data Processing 400
32.3.1 DDM Imagery Generation 400
32.3.2 SWH Calculation Using DCF 403
32.4 Conclusions 405
References 406
33 The Calibration Method of Channel Consistency of Distributed Digital Phased Array 407
33.1 Introduction 407
33.2 The Time Delay Estimation Algorithm Based on Temporal Coherence 408
33.3 The Frequency Domain Equalization Algorithm Based on the Least Squares Fitting 409
33.4 The Simulation and Analysis of Algorithm 411
33.4.1 The Simulation Model 411
33.4.2 The Simulation Process 413
33.4.3 The Results of Simulation and Analysis 414
33.4.3.1 The Estimation of Time Delay 415
33.4.3.2 The Result of Frequency Domain Equalization 416
33.5 Conclusions 418
References 418
34 Multi-hit Method for Weak Signal Detection of the Diffuse Reflection Laser Ranging in Daylight 419
34.1 Introduction 419
34.2 Solving of the GM-APD Detection Probability 420
34.3 Theoretical Analysis of the Multi-hit Method 423
34.3.1 Typical Parameters of Diffuse Reflection Laser Ranging 423
34.3.2 Analysis of Echo Signal Detection Probability 424
34.3.3 Effective Detection Ratio 425
34.4 Simulation Verification 426
34.4.1 Target Distance Simulation 426
34.4.2 Echo Signal Simulation 427
34.4.3 GM-APD Detection Simulation 427
34.4.4 Simulation Results 428
34.5 Conclusions 429
References 430
Information Science and Technology 431
35 A Real-Time Classification Algorithm for Multi-Velocity Measuring Data 432
35.1 Introduction 432
35.2 Data Classification Problem Under the Response Mode 433
35.3 Analysis of the Existing Method 434
35.4 The New Classification Algorithm 436
35.4.1 Classification Reference 437
35.4.2 Algorithm Flowchart 439
35.5 Real Data Validation 441
35.6 Conclusion 443
References 443
36 New Algorithm for Guidance Instrument Error Separation 445
36.1 Introduction 445
36.2 Background 446
36.3 New Algorithm Based on the Dynamic System 447
36.4 Numerical Illustrations 452
36.4.1 Conditions of Numerical Illustration 452
36.4.2 Result of Numerical Illustration 452
36.5 Conclusions 454
References 454
37 Ionosphere’s Effect on the Demodulation BER Performance of a DS/FH-BPSK Signal 456
37.1 Introduction 456
37.2 Signal Model 457
37.3 BPSK Demodulation Performance of Pilot Signal under Ionosphere Dispersion 459
37.3.1 BER Derivation 459
37.3.2 Simulation 461
37.4 BPSK Demodulation Performance of Long-Term Signal under Ionosphere Dispersion 461
37.4.1 PDF of Ionosphere Delay Scintillation 461
37.4.2 BER of BPSK Under FH Pattern Scintillation 463
37.4.2.1 PDF of ?r Under FH Pattern Scintillation 463
37.4.2.2 BER Simulations 466
37.5 Conclusion 468
Acknowledgements 468
References 468
38 De-noising Method Research on RF Signal by Combining Wavelet Transform and SVD 470
38.1 Introduction 470
38.2 Analysis of RF Signal with Noise 471
38.3 RF Signal de-Noising and Simulation Analysis 472
38.3.1 Traditional Filter De-noising 472
38.3.2 Wavelet Threshold De-noising 472
38.3.3 SVD De-noising 472
38.4 Analysis of Simulation Result 473
38.5 Combining Wavelet Threshold Method and SVD 475
38.6 Conclusions 476
References 476
39 The Multi-Objective Routing Optimization Algorithm for Hybrid SDN 478
39.1 Introduction 478
39.2 Mathematical Model of Multi-Objective Routing Optimization 480
39.2.1 Optimization Objective 480
39.2.2 Mathematical Model 481
39.2.3 Analysis of Solution Complexity of the Model 482
39.3 Algorithm Implementation 483
39.3.1 MCS Algorithm 483
39.3.2 RV-AGA Algorithm 485
39.4 Simulation and Analysis 487
39.4.1 Algorithms and Parameters Setting 487
39.4.2 RV-AGA Performance Analysis 488
39.4.3 Effectiveness Analysis of MCS Load Balancing 488
39.5 Conclusion 489
References 489
40 Parameterized Unified Modulation Model Design for Satellite Communications 491
40.1 Introduction 491
40.2 Problem Analysis 492
40.3 Unified Modulation Model 493
40.3.1 Unified Signal Expression Method 493
40.3.1.1 Modulated Signal Linearisation 493
40.3.1.2 Signal Model 494
40.3.2 Unified Modulation Mapping Algorithm 496
40.3.3 Unified Modulation Model Structure 498
40.4 Simulation and Analysis 499
40.4.1 Results and Analysis for the NMSE 499
40.4.2 Results and Analysis for the ACF and PSD 500
40.5 Conclusion 501
References 502
41 Study on the Influencing Factors of Frequency Locked Loop Based on Stochastic Resonance 503
41.1 Introduction 503
41.2 The Basic Principle of Frequency Locked Loop Based on Stochastic Resonance 504
41.2.1 The Structure of Frequency Locked Loop Based on Stochastic Resonance 504
41.2.2 Simulation of Frequency Locked Loop Based on Stochastic Resonance 504
41.3 The Influence of Signal to Noise Ratio on the Frequency Locked Loop Based on Stochastic Resonance 507
41.4 The Influence of Sampling Frequency on the Frequency Locked Loop Based on Stochastic Resonance 509
41.5 The Influence of System Parameters on the Frequency Locked Loop Based on Stochastic Resonance 512
41.6 Conclusions 513
Acknowledgements 514
References 514
42 Frequency Stabilization of an Optoelectronic Oscillator Based on Phase-Locked-Loop 515
42.1 Introduction 515
42.2 Principle 516
42.2.1 OEO System Setup 516
42.2.2 The Mechanism of OEO Frequency Stabilization by PLL 517
42.3 Results 517
42.4 Conclusion 519
References 520
43 The Techniques of Network Coding Applied in the Physical-Layer of the Wireless Communication Systems: A Survey 521
43.1 Introduction 521
43.2 Network Coding Applications 521
43.3 Physical-Layer Network Coding (PNC) 523
43.3.1 The PNC Scheme 523
43.3.2 The Research Directions 525
43.4 Joint Design of the Network Coding and the Channel Coding 527
43.5 Conclusion 529
References 530
44 Research on the Improvement of LTP Protocol in Space DTN Network Based on Network Coding 532
44.1 Introduction 532
44.2 Space DTN Networks 533
44.3 Analysis of LTP 535
44.4 Improvement of LTP Based on Network Coding 538
44.4.1 Design Methodology 538
44.4.2 Design of NC-LTP 538
44.4.3 Analysis of LTP 539
44.5 Simulation 541
44.5.1 Simulation Scene 541
44.5.1.1 Simulation Results 542
44.6 Conclusions 543
References 544
45 Research on Security Protection of the Communication Network for Space TT& C Based on TCP/IP Protocol Vulnerabilities
45.1 Introduction 545
45.2 Vulnerability Analysis of TCP/IP Protocol and Common Attack Methods 546
45.2.1 TCP/IP Hierarchy 546
45.2.2 Security Vulnerability Analysis of Data Link Layer 546
45.2.3 Security Vulnerability Analysis and Protection of Network Layer Protocol 548
45.2.4 Security Analysis and Protection of Transport Layer Protocol 548
45.3 The Network Security Deployment of the Communication Network for Space TT& C
45.4 Network Security Problems and Maintenance Measures of the Communication Network for Space TT& C
45.4.1 Security Analysis and Protection of Data Link Layer of the Communication Network for Space TT& C
45.4.2 Security Analysis and Protection of Network Layer of the Communication Network for Space TT& C
45.4.3 Security Analysis and Protection of Transport Layer of the Communication Network for Space TT& C
45.4.4 The Design Scheme of the Configuration and Maintenance Management System for the Communication Network for Space TT& C
45.5 Conclusions 553
References 553
46 Timeliness Analysis and Countermeasure of Remote Control of Equipment Monitoring and Control System 555
46.1 Introduction 555
46.2 Present Situation Analysis 556
46.3 Strategies and Methods 558
46.3.1 Device Control Script Refinement 558
46.3.2 Delay Redundancy Between Commands 559
46.3.3 The Response Control Mechanism of the Host Equipment 559
46.3.4 Control Response Mechanism Between Commands 560
46.3.5 Device Parallel + Serial Control Mechanism 562
46.3.6 Macro Command Parsing Advance Optimization Mechanism 563
46.4 Conclusions 566
References 566
47 Designed on Operation and Management System for Aerospace TT& C Station
47.1 Introduction 567
47.2 The Composition of TT& C Station Equipment
47.3 The Information Composition of TT& C Station
47.4 Design of TT& C Station Operation Management System
47.4.1 Design of Station Operation Management System 570
47.4.2 Design of Functional Structure 572
47.4.3 Design of Management Network 573
47.4.4 Design of TT& C Equipment Status Information Acquisition
47.4.5 Design of Service Equipment Status Information Acquisition 575
47.4.6 Design of Information Fusion and Display 575
47.5 Conclusion 577
References 578