Atmospheric and Space Sciences: Ionospheres and Plasma Environments (eBook)

1 Introduction to Plasmas                1.1 What is plasma?                      1.2 A Brief History of Space Plasma Research 1.3 Plasma Parameters and Characteristics 1.4 Electromagnetic Fields                    1.5 A Preview of Maxwell Equations in Vacuum           1.6 Single particle motion 1.6.1 Uniform B field and zero electric field 1.6.2 Uniform electric and magnetic field 1.6.3 Nonuniform magnetic field               1.7 Concept of phase space – Collection of particles 1.8 Collisions       1.9 Adiabatic Invariants                     1.10 Waves in Plasmas                        2 Transport Processes                       2.1 Introduction 2.2 Boltzmann equation                   2.3 Moments of distribution functions 2.4 Maxwellian distribution 2.5 Physical properties of transport equations            2.6 Transport in a weakly ionized plasma              2.7 Transport in a partially and fully ionized plasma 2.8 Ion diffusion 2.9 Electric conductivities 2.10 Diffusion-Convection   3 Magnetohydrodynamics                     3.1 Introduction to MHD 3.2 Partial and Convective Derivatives               3.3 Stress Tensor                        3.4 Navier-Stokes Equations                   3.5 Momentum Transport 3.6 Continuity                         3.7 Equation of State 3.8 Basic MHD Equations                    3.9 Two Fluid Approximation   3.10 Magnetic Pressure and Tension   3.11 Deformation and Dissipation of Fields 3.12 MHD Dynamo   3.13 Plasma Waves   4 Planetary Ionospheres and Magnetospheres   4.1 Introduction 4.2 The Terrestrial Magnetic Field                 4.3 Magnetic Coordinates 4.4 Magnetic Disturbances                    4.5 Ionization Processes                     4.6 Chapman Layers 4.7 Space Weather   5 Dynamics of the Atmosphere-Ionosphere System          5.1 Introduction 5.2 Modeling the dynamics of the Upper Atmosphere and Ionosphere 5.3 Variability in Geospace Environment              5.4 Meteorological Influences on the Upper Atmosphere 5.5 Thermospheric Vertical Winds and Coupling to the Ionosphere-Magnetosphere                ;  5.6 Geomagnetic Storms                     5.7 Space Weather Effects