Nanomaterials in Daily Life (eBook)

Zhypargul Abdullaeva is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Japan. Her research is focused on syntheses of carbon, graphene nanomaterials as well as the study of their properties and characterization.

Acknowledgements 5
Contents 6
About the Author 9
1 Nanomaterials in the Environment 10
1.1 Introduction 10
1.2 Nanoparticles in Air 11
1.3 Nanoparticles in Water 15
1.4 Nanoparticles in Soil 19
1.4.1 Clay Minerals 21
1.4.2 Metal (Hydr)Oxides 22
1.4.3 Humic Substances 23
1.4.4 Fulvic Acids 24
1.4.5 Other Dissolved Species 24
1.5 Nanomaterials and Environment Pollution 25
1.5.1 Influence of Metal Nanoparticles on Invertebrate Organisms 26
Questions and Exercises 28
Problem drills 29
References 29
2 Nanomaterials in Food Industry and Packaging 32
2.1 Nanomaterials in the Agriculture 32
2.2 Nanomaterials in the Food Science 33
2.2.1 Nanomaterials in the Food Processing 37
2.2.2 Nanoencapsulation 38
2.2.3 Nanoemulsification 41
2.2.4 Theory of Nanoemulsions Formation 42
2.3 Nanomaterials in the Food Packaging 45
2.3.1 Active Packaging 46
2.3.2 Intelligent and Responsive Packaging 47
2.3.3 Smart Packaging 49
Questions and exercises 45
Problem drills 45
References 53
3 Nanomaterials in Health care and Cosmetics 56
3.1 Liposomes 56
3.1.1 Transport of Liposomes into and Across the Skin 61
3.2 Niosomes 64
3.3 Nanoemulsions 65
3.4 Nanocapsules 67
3.5 Hydrogels 67
3.6 Dendrimers 68
3.7 Cubosomes 68
3.8 Silver NPs 70
Questions and Exercises 70
Problem drills 71
References 72
4 Nanomaterials in Medicine 75
4.1 Nanomedicine 75
4.2 Nanomaterials for Medical Devices 76
4.2.1 Metal Nanoparticles in Medical Devices 77
4.2.2 Hard and Soft, Acids and Bases (HSAB) Theory 77
4.2.3 Antibacterial Mechanism of Metals 78
4.2.4 Hydrogel Nanocomposites in Medical Devices 80
4.3 Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery 81
4.4 Nanomaterials for Imaging and Diagnostics 84
4.4.1 Nanomaterials for Magnetic Resonance Imaging 84
4.4.2 Solomon–Bloembergen–Morgan (SBM) Theory 86
4.4.3 Nanomaterials for Computed Tomography Imaging 88
4.4.4 Nanomaterials for Medical Diagnostics 89
Questions and Exercises 92
Problem drills 93
References 95
5 Nanomaterials for Building and Protection 98
5.1 Nanocomposites for Surface Coatings 98
5.1.1 Rubber and Polymer Nanocomposites 99
5.1.2 Graphene-based Nanocomposites 102
5.1.3 Metal and Metal Oxide Nanocomposites 102
5.1.4 Biocomposites 106
5.2 Nanomaterials for Cleaning and Washing 107
5.2.1 Nanodetergents 107
5.3 Nanomaterials for Interior 111
Questions and Exercises 113
Problem drills 114
References 115
6 Nanomaterials for Clothing and Textile Products 118
6.1 Textile Nanotechnology 118
6.2 Wear-Resistant Textiles 120
6.3 Water-Proof Textiles 124
6.3.1 Surface Wetting Models 124
6.4 Antistatic Textiles 127
6.4.1 Law of Charged Substances 127
6.5 Anti-UV Textiles 129
6.5.1 ZnO Nanoparticles 129
6.5.2 TiO2 Nanoparticles 129
6.6 Antibacterial Textiles 131
6.6.1 Metal and Metal Organic Compounds 131
6.6.2 Surface-Active N-Halamine Compounds 132
6.7 Smart Textiles 133
Questions and Exercises 135
Problems drills 136
References 137
7 Smart Electronics and Sensors 140
7.1 Smart Electronics Made by Nanotechnology 140
7.1.1 Nanochips 141
7.1.2 Nano-Batteries 141
7.1.3 Photovoltaic Solar Cells 143
7.2 OLED, LCD, and Touch Screens 144
7.3 Sensors 145
7.3.1 Biosensors 145
7.3.2 Gas Sensors 147
7.4 Optical Sensors 149
Questions and Exercises 150
Problem drills 151
References 151
8 Erratum to: Nanomaterials in Medicine 154
Erratum to:& #6
Index 155