Smart and Multifunctional Concrete Toward Sustainable Infrastructures (eBook)

Baoguo Han received his PhD in the field of smart materials and structures from the Harbin Institute of Technology, China, in 2005. He is currently a professor of civil engineering in the Dalian University of Technology, China. His main research interests include smart materials and structures, sensors, structural health monitoring, traffic detection, nanotechnology and cement and concrete materials. He is a member of the editorial board of three international journals and has published 1 book, 10 book chapters and more than 100 technical papers. He was invited to the University of Minnesota and has worked as a visiting research scholar there for 3 years. He was also awarded the New Century Excellent Talents in University by the Ministry of Education of China and the First Prize of Natural Science by the Ministry of Education of China. Liqing Zhang received her M.S. degree in materials science from the Dalian University of Technology, China, in 2015. She is currently pursuing her Ph.D. degree at Dalian University of Technology, China. Her current research interests include cement and concrete composites, smart materials and structures, and nanotechnology. She has published 4 book chapters and 10 published journal papers. Jinping Ou received his Ph.D. degree from the Harbin Institute of Technology, China, in 1987. He is a professor at both Harbin Institute of Technology and Dalian University of Technology, China. His main research interests include structural damage, reliability and health monitoring, structural vibration and control, smart materials and structures. He has published more than 300 technical papers/reports and four books. He has been awarded the second-level National Awards of Science and Technology Progress twice and the first-level provincial and ministerial Awards of Science and Technology Progress five times. He has been an academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering since 2003, and was the president of the Chinese Society for Vibration Engineering, the vice-president of the Architectural Society of China, an executive board member at the International Association for Structural Control and Monitoring, as well as the vice-president and fellow of the International Society for Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure.

Preface 6
Acknowledgements 9
Contents 10
About the Authors 18
Abbreviations 20
1 General Introduction of Smart and Multifunctional Concrete 23
Abstract 23
1.1 Introduction 23
1.2 Definition of Smart and Multifunctional Concrete 25
1.3 Classification of Smart and Multifunctional Concrete 25
1.4 Origin of Smart and Multifunctional Concrete 27
1.5 Philosophical Foundation of Smart and Multifunctional Concrete 27
1.6 Summary 29
References 30
2 Self-Compacting Concrete 32
Abstract 32
2.1 Introduction 32
2.2 Definition and Classification of Self-Compacting Concrete 33
2.3 Principles of Self-Compacting Concrete 34
2.3.1 Raw Material Selection Principles 34
2.3.2 Mix Design Principles 35
2.4 Current Progress of Self-Compacting Concrete 37
2.4.1 Test Methods of Self-Compacting Property 38
2.4.2 Property of Fresh Self-Compacting Concrete 43
2.4.3 Properties of Hardened Self-Compacting Concrete 52
2.5 Applications 52
2.6 Summary 54
References 54
3 Self-Expanding Concrete 58
Abstract 58
3.1 Introduction 58
3.2 Definition and Classification of Self-Expanding Concrete 59
3.3 Principles of Self-Expanding Concrete 59
3.4 Current Progress of Self-Expanding Concrete 63
3.5 Applications of Self-Expanding Concrete 67
3.5.1 Applications of Self-Compensating Concrete 67
3.5.2 Applications of Self-Stressing Concrete 70
3.6 Summary 72
References 72
4 Self-Curing Concrete 75
Abstract 75
4.1 Introduction 75
4.2 Definition and Mechanism of Self-Curing Concrete 76
4.3 Current Progress of Self-Curing Concrete 77
4.3.1 Absorption and Desorption of Self-Curing Water 78
4.3.2 Workability and Durability 81
4.3.3 Mechanical Properties 83
4.4 Application of Self-Curing Concrete 84
4.5 Summary 85
References 85
5 Self-Shaping Concrete 87
Abstract 87
5.1 Introduction 87
5.2 Definition and Principles of Self-Shaping Concrete 88
5.3 Current Progress of Self-Shaping Concrete 89
5.3.1 Material and Mix Proportion Design 89
5.3.2 Mechanical Properties 90
5.3.3 Building Plan Design 92
5.4 Applications of Self-Shaping Concrete 94
5.4.1 Self-Shaping Concrete in Practice 94
5.4.2 Self-Shaping Concrete in Potential 97
5.4.3 Market Prediction 98
5.5 Summary 99
References 99
6 Self-Sensing Concrete 101
Abstract 101
6.1 Introduction 101
6.2 Intrinsic Self-Sensing Concrete 103
6.2.1 Definition and Sensing Mechanism of Intrinsic Self-Sensing Concrete 103
6.2.2 Current Progress of Intrinsic Self-Sensing Concrete 110
6.2.3 Applications of Intrinsic Self-Sensing Concrete 112
6.3 Non-Intrinsic Self-Sensing Concrete 116
6.3.1 Non-Intrinsic Self-Sensing Concrete Integrated with Electric Resistance Strain Gauges 118
6.3.2 Non-Intrinsic Self-Sensing Concrete Integrated with Optical Fibers 118
6.3.3 Non-Intrinsic Self-Sensing Concrete Integrated with Piezoelectric Materials 123
6.3.4 Non-Intrinsic Self-Sensing Concrete Integrated with Shape Memory Alloys 125
6.3.5 Non-Intrinsic Self-Sensing Concrete Integrated with Self-Diagnosing Polymer Composites 126
6.4 Summary 129
References 129
7 Self-Healing Concrete 137
Abstract 137
7.1 Introduction 137
7.2 Definition and Classification of Self-Healing Concrete 138
7.3 Autogenous Self-Healing Concrete 138
7.3.1 Self-Healing High-Strength/High-Performance Concrete 140
7.3.2 Self-Healing Concrete with Mineral Admixtures 140
7.3.3 Self-Healing Concrete with Fibers 143
7.3.4 Self-Healing Asphalt Concrete 145
7.4 Autonomous Self-Healing Concrete 147
7.4.1 Self-Healing Based on Vascular Method 148
7.4.2 Self-Healing Based Microcapsule Method 149
7.4.3 Self-Healing Based on Electrodeposition Method 156
7.4.4 Self-Healing Based on Bacterial Method 159
7.4.5 Self-Healing Based on Shape Memory Alloy Method 163
7.4.6 Self-Healing Based on Induction Energy/Microwave Method 166
7.5 Summary 171
References 171
8 Self-Adjusting Concrete 176
Abstract 176
8.1 Introduction 176
8.2 Definition and Classification of Self-Adjusting Concrete 177
8.3 Moisture Self-Adjusting Concrete 178
8.3.1 Definition, Classification, and Test of Moisture Self-Adjusting Concrete 178
8.3.2 Principles of Moisture Self-Adjusting Concrete 178
8.3.3 Current Progress of Moisture Self-Adjusting Concrete 179
8.3.4 Application of Moisture Self-Adjusting Concrete 180
8.4 Thermal Parameter Self-Adjusting Concrete 180
8.4.1 Definition and Principles of Thermal Parameter Self-Adjusting Concrete 180
8.4.2 Current Progress of Thermal Parameter Self-Adjusting Concrete 182
8.4.3 Applications of Thermal Parameter Self-Adjusting Concrete 185
8.5 Hydration Heat Self-Adjusting Concrete 188
8.6 Summary 192
References 192
9 Damping Concrete 196
Abstract 196
9.1 Introduction 196
9.2 Definition and Principles of Damping Concrete 197
9.3 Current Progress of Damping Concrete 198
9.3.1 Damping Concrete with Polymers 198
9.3.2 Damping Concrete with Fibers 199
9.3.3 Damping Concrete with Silica Fume 202
9.3.4 Damping Concrete with Graphite 202
9.3.5 Damping Concrete with Emulsified Asphalt 203
9.3.6 Damping Concrete with Graphene 205
9.4 Application of Damping Concrete 206
9.5 Summary 207
References 208
10 Anti-Spalling Concrete 210
Abstract 210
10.1 Introduction 210
10.2 Definition and Principles of Anti-Spalling Concrete 211
10.2.1 Definition and Occurrence Mechanism of Concrete Spalling 211
10.2.2 Principles of Anti-Spalling Concrete 213
10.3 Current Progress of Anti-Spalling Concrete 217
10.3.1 Anti-Spalling Concrete with Polypropylene Fibers 217
10.3.2 Anti-Spalling Concrete with Hybrid Fibers 221
10.3.3 Anti-Spalling Concrete with Air Entraining Agent 231
10.3.4 Anti-Spalling Concrete with Mineral Admixtures 234
10.4 Applications of Anti-Spalling Concrete 236
10.5 Summary 237
References 237
11 Wear-Resisting Concrete 242
Abstract 242
11.1 Introduction 242
11.2 Definition and Principles of Wear-Resisting Concrete 243
11.3 Current Progress and Applications of Abrasion Resisting Concrete 244
11.4 Current Progress and Applications of Erosion and Cavitation Resisting Concrete 248
11.5 Summary 250
References 250
12 Aircraft Arresting Concrete 253
Abstract 253
12.1 Introduction 253
12.2 Definition and Principles of Aircraft Arresting Concrete 255
12.3 Current Progress of Aircraft Arresting Concrete 256
12.4 Application of Aircraft Arresting Concrete 261
12.5 Summary 262
References 263
13 Electrically Conductive Concrete 264
Abstract 264
13.1 Introduction 264
13.2 Definition and Principles of Electrically Conductive Concrete 265
13.3 Current Progress of Electrically Conductive Concrete 267
13.4 Applications of Electrically Conductive Concrete 267
13.4.1 Electrically Conductive Concrete Used in Electromagnetic Defense 268
13.4.2 Electrically Conductive Concrete Used in Cathodic Protection 269
13.5 Summary 274
References 275
14 Electrothermal Concrete 277
Abstract 277
14.1 Introduction 277
14.2 Definition and Principles of Electrothermal Concrete 278
14.3 Electrothermal Concrete Filled with Metal Particles and Fibers 280
14.4 Electrothermal Concrete Filled with Carbon Particles and Fibers 282
14.5 Summary 286
References 286
15 Light-Transmitting Concrete 288
Abstract 288
15.1 Introduction 288
15.2 Definition and Classification of Light-Transmitting Concrete 289
15.3 Principles and Manufacture of Light-Transmitting Concrete 290
15.4 Current Progress of Light-Transmitting Concrete 291
15.5 Applications of Light-Transmitting Concrete 295
15.6 Summary 297
References 297
16 Light-Emitting Concrete 299
Abstract 299
16.1 Introduction 299
16.2 Definition and Classification of Light-Emitting Concrete 300
16.3 Mechanisms and Properties of Light-Emitting Concrete 300
16.3.1 Mixing Luminous Components into Concrete 300
16.3.2 Modifying the Microstructure of Concrete 302
16.3.3 Covering the Concrete Surface with Luminous Coat 303
16.4 Current Progress of Light-Emitting Concrete 305
16.5 Applications of Light-Emitting Concrete 307
16.5.1 Building Environment Decoration 307
16.5.2 Road and Lane Lighting 308
16.5.3 Highway Signs and Safety 309
16.6 Summary 310
References 311
17 Photocatalytic Concrete 312
Abstract 312
17.1 Introduction 312
17.2 Definition and Principles of Photocatalytic Concrete 313
17.3 Current Progress of Photocatalytic Concrete 316
17.4 Applications of Photocatalytic Concrete 320
17.5 Summary 322
References 323
18 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding/Absorbing Concrete 325
Abstract 325
18.1 Introduction 325
18.2 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Concrete 326
18.2.1 Definition, Mechanism, and Test of Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Concrete 326
18.2.2 Current Progress and Applications of Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Concrete 327
18.3 Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Concrete 333
18.3.1 Definition, Mechanism, and Test of Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Concrete 333
18.3.2 Current Progress and Applications of Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Concrete 334
18.4 Summary 338
References 338
19 Radiation Shielding Concrete 341
Abstract 341
19.1 Introduction 341
19.2 Definition and Classification of Radiation Shielding Concrete 342
19.3 Current Progress of Radiation Shielding Concrete 343
19.3.1 Binding Materials 343
19.3.2 Aggregates 343
19.3.3 Admixture 347
19.4 Applications of Radiation Shielding Concrete 348
19.5 Summary 348
References 348
20 Hydrophobic/Superhydrophobic Concrete 350
Abstract 350
20.1 Introduction 350
20.2 Definition and Preparation of Hydrophobic/Superhydrophobic Concrete 351
20.3 Test Methods of Hydrophobic/Superhydrophobic Concrete 353
20.4 Current Progress of Hydrophobic/Superhydrophobic Concrete 354
20.5 Applications of Hydrophobic/Superhydrophobic Concrete 364
20.6 Summary 365
References 365
21 Permeable Concrete 369
Abstract 369
21.1 Introduction 369
21.2 Definition and Principles of Permeable Concrete 370
21.3 Components of Permeable Concrete 371
21.3.1 Coarse Aggregates 371
21.3.2 Binders 373
21.4 Current Progress of Permeable Concrete 373
21.5 Applications of Permeable Concrete 375
21.6 Summary 377
References 377
22 Non-Dispersible Underwater Concrete 379
Abstract 379
22.1 Introduction 379
22.2 Definition and Classification of Non-Dispersible Underwater Concrete 380
22.3 Principles of Non-Dispersible Underwater Concrete 381
22.4 Current Progress of Non-Dispersible Underwater Concrete 381
22.5 Applications of Non-Dispersible Underwater Concrete 386
22.6 Summary 387
References 387
23 Energy-Harvesting Concrete 388
Abstract 388
23.1 Introduction 388
23.2 Definition and Principles of Energy-Harvesting Concrete 389
23.3 Energy-Harvesting Concrete Based on Piezoelectric Effect 391
23.4 Energy-Harvesting Concrete Based on Pyroelectric Effect 393
23.5 Energy-Harvesting Concrete Based on Thermoelectric Effect 395
23.6 Energy-Harvesting Concrete Based on Photovoltaic Effect 396
23.7 Summary 398
References 399
24 Future Developments and Challenges of Smart and Multifunctional Concrete 400
Abstract 400
24.1 Introduction 400
24.2 Design of Smart and Multifunctional Concrete 401
24.3 Fabrication of Smart and Multifunctional Concrete 403
24.4 Test and Characterization of Smart and Multifunctional Concrete 403
24.5 Properties of Smart and Multifunctional Concrete 403
24.6 Mechanisms and Models of Smart and Multifunctional Concrete 405
24.7 Applications of Smart and Multifunctional Concrete 405
24.8 General Evolution Principles of Smart and Multifunctional Concrete 406
24.9 Summary 407
References 408