Ambient Assisted Living (eBook)

Preface 6
Organization Committee 7
General Chair 7
Honorary Chairs 7
Scientific Committee 7
Organizing Committee 8
Contents 9
Care Models and Algorithms 19
1 The Mo.Di.Pro Experimental Project at the Galliera Hospital: I.C.T., Robots and Care of the Environment for the Rehabilitation of Patients Before Discharge 20
Abstract 20
1 Introduction 20
1.1 Objectives 21
2 Materials and Methods 21
2.1 Accommodation Design 23
2.1.1 Bedroom 24
2.1.2 Bathroom 24
2.1.3 Corridor 25
2.1.4 Living Area 25
2.1.5 Gym 27
2.2 Monitoring of Parameters 27
2.3 Ethics: Informed Consent 29
3 Results and Discussion 30
3.1 Experimentation with Telepresence Robots 30
3.1.1 Specific Procedures 32
4 Conclusion 33
Acknowledgements 33
References 33
2 Theoretical Model for Remote Heartbeat Detection Using Radiofrequency Waves 35
Abstract 35
1 Introduction 36
2 The Electromagnetic Multilayer Model 37
2.1 Multilayer Model Implementation 38
2.1.1 Scenario (a): Heart-Layer Movement 40
2.1.2 Scenario (b): Chest-Layer Movement 42
3 Validation of the Model 43
4 Conclusions 44
References 45
3 A Wearable System for Stress Detection Through Physiological Data Analysis 46
Abstract 46
1 Introduction 47
1.1 Physiological Signals and Stress Concept 47
1.1.1 Electrodermal Activity 48
1.1.2 Electro Cardiac Activity 49
1.2 The Aim of the Study 49
2 Materials and Methods 50
2.1 Instrumentation 50
2.2 Participants 51
2.3 Experimental Protocol 51
2.3.1 Tests for Stress Induction 52
2.3.2 Psychometric Instruments 53
2.4 Data Analysis 54
2.4.1 Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) 54
2.4.2 Electro Cardiac Activity 54
2.4.3 Data Processing and Statistical Analysis 55
3 Results and Discussion 56
3.1 Physiological Parameters Assessment 57
3.2 Psychometric Instruments Evaluation 59
3.3 Correlation Between Physiological Parameters and Psychometric Instruments 59
3.4 Data Classification 60
4 Conclusion 62
Acknowledgments 63
References 63
4 Complete Specifications of ICT Services in an AAL Environment 66
Abstract 66
1 Introduction 66
2 Position of the Problem 67
3 Design Approach 69
3.1 Cookbook 69
3.2 Diary 69
3.3 Pantry 70
3.4 Appliances 70
4 A Case Study—The Example of a Shopping List Service 70
5 Technical Implementation 72
6 Future Work 74
7 Conclusions 75
Acknowledgments 75
References 75
5 Design of a Community-Supported CapAble Microwave System for People with Intellectual and Physical Disabilities 76
Abstract 76
1 Introduction 77
2 Cooking Appliances State of Art: Development and Use of a Microwave 78
2.1 Microwave Usability Analysis 79
3 Research Methodology for a Community-Designed Device 80
3.1 Quality Function Deployment Method for a User Centred Design Approach 81
3.2 Designing with the “Persona” Model 84
3.3 Preferences from the Users 86
4 The CapAble Microwave 87
4.1 System Architecture of the CapAble Microwave 88
5 Conclusion 90
References 92
6 Work of the Home and Social Relationships as a Guide to Domestic Care for the Elderly 94
Abstract 94
1 A Home that Changes Along with a Changing Body 95
2 The Problem of Social Isolation in Elderly Populations 96
3 Technology and Human Technologies for Elderly Care 97
3.1 TRIL Building Bridges (BB) System 98
3.2 An Option Often Overlooked and Underrated: Inter-generational Living 99
4 Conclusions—Rediscovering the Home 100
Acknowledgements 100
References 101
7 The Design Contribution for Ambient Assisted Living 102
Abstract 102
1 From Design for All to Design for AAL 102
2 Generating Principles 103
3 The Specific Contributions: Product Design Skills 103
3.1 User Centred Design (UCD) and Interaction Design (ID) 103
3.1.1 Interaction Design 105
3.2 Technological Implementation Design: Smart Design 105
3.3 Morphology and Design: The Role of Shape 106
4 Specific Contributions: The ALL Intervention Levels 107
4.1 Objects and Smart Aids 107
4.1.1 Intelligent Objects 108
4.1.2 Intelligent Aids 108
4.1.3 Intelligent Prostheses 109
4.2 Residential Spaces and Intelligent Environments 112
4.3 Movement and Mobility 116
4.3.1 Personal Mobility Design (Movement) 116
4.3.2 Domestic and In-Out Mobility Design (Micro-mobility) 116
Integrated Aids 116
Integrated Modules Aid 117
4.3.3 Urban Mobility Design 118
8 Adaptive Interface for Smart Home: A New Design Approach 121
Abstract 121
1 Introduction 121
2 Research Background 122
3 The Design Approach 124
4 The Proposed Adaptive System 125
4.1 Database 125
4.2 Application Core 126
4.3 User Interface 127
5 Conclusion 128
Acknowledgements 129
References 129
Enabling Technologies and Assistive Solutions 130
9 Unobtrusive Technology for In-Home Monitoring: Preliminary Results on Fall Detection 131
Abstract 131
1 Introduction 132
2 Materials and Methods 133
2.1 System Overview 133
2.2 Algorithmic Framework for Fall Detection 133
2.3 Experimental Setup 135
3 Results and Discussion 136
4 Conclusion 137
Acknowledgements 138
References 138
10 A Neural Network Approach to Human Posture Classification and Fall Detection Using RGB-D Camera 139
Abstract 139
1 Introduction 139
2 Related Work 141
3 System Overview 142
3.1 Dataset 142
3.2 NN Architecture 143
3.3 Training, Validation and Testing Sets 144
4 Real-Time Tests 144
4.1 Experimental Setup 145
4.1.1 Sit and Lie on a Sofa 145
4.1.2 Falling Tests 146
5 Results 146
6 Fall Detector Application 147
7 Conclusion and Future Work 148
Acknowledgements 149
References 149
11 A Tilt Compensated Haptic Cane for Obstacle Detection 152
Abstract 152
1 Introduction 153
2 The Haptic Cane Architecture 155
3 The Detection/Stimulation Paradigm 156
4 Results and Conclusions 159
References 160
12 Improved Solution to Monitor People with Dementia and Support Care Providers 163
Abstract 163
1 Introduction 164
2 Related Works 165
3 System Architecture and Functionalities ? 167
3.1 Data Acquisition 168
3.2 Data Processing 168
3.3 Notification Management 170
3.4 System Configuration 171
3.5 Remote Storage 173
4 Preliminary Tests and Discussion 176
5 Conclusion 178
References 178
13 Open Source Technologies as a Support for Community Care 180
Abstract 180
1 Introduction 180
2 The Need for Holistic Care Management 182
3 Overview of Software for the Community-Care 184
4 Identification of Common Use Cases 188
5 A Case Study on an Open-Source Platform 191
6 Functional Evaluation of the Tested Open Source Platform 195
7 Conclusion 196
References 197
14 Implementation of a Solution for the Remote Monitoring of Subjects Affected of Metabolic Diseases: The Metabolink Project 199
Abstract 199
1 Introduction 200
2 Materials and Methods 201
2.1 Overall View 202
3 Results and Discussion 203
4 Conclusion 203
Acknowledgments 204
References 204
15 MuSA: A Smart Wearable Sensor for Active Assisted Living 205
Abstract 205
1 Introduction 205
2 The HELICOPTER Project 206
3 The MuSA Wearable Sensor 209
3.1 Physical Activity Estimation 210
3.2 User Identification and Localization 211
4 Preliminary Results 212
5 Conclusions 214
Acknowledgements 214
References 214
16 How to Help Elderly in Indoor Evacuation Wayfinding: Design and Test of a Not-Invasive Solution for Reducing Fire Egress Time in Building Heritage Scenarios 217
Abstract 217
1 Introduction 218
2 Materials and Methods 219
2.1 Rules for Wayfinding System Definition on Behavioral Bases 220
2.2 Evacuation Drills 220
2.2.1 Individual’s Evacuation 221
2.2.2 Collective Drill 222
3 Results 222
3.1 Wayfinding System Definition on Behavioral Bases 222
3.2 Evacuation Drills Results 223
3.2.1 Individual’s Evacuation Results 224
3.2.2 Collective Drill Results 225
4 Conclusion 227
Acknowledgements 228
References 228
17 The A.I.zeta Framework: An Ontological Approach for AAL Systems Control 231
Abstract 231
1 Introduction 232
2 An Ontological Inference Approach to Control an AAL System 234
3 The A.I.zeta Framework 238
4 Interface Between AAL System DB and A.I.zeta 239
5 Reconfigurable Mapping Through the Interface 240
6 Interface Between A.I.zeta and OWL-Based Ontology 240
7 Ontology Inference Based Design Approach 241
8 The Time Model 242
9 Results 244
10 Conclusions 244
Acknowledgements 245
References 245
18 Human Indoor Localization for AAL Applications: An RSSI Based Approach 247
Abstract 247
1 Introduction 248
2 Experimental Setup 250
3 Experimental Tests 252
4 Indoor Localization Algorithms 252
4.1 Min-Max 253
4.2 Trilateration 253
4.3 Maximum Likelihood 253
5 Experimental Results 254
6 Conclusions 256
Acknowledgements 256
References 256
19 User Indoor Localisation System Enhances Activity Recognition: A Proof of Concept 259
Abstract 259
1 Introduction 259
1.1 Related Works 260
1.1.1 External Sensors 261
1.1.2 Wearable Sensors 261
1.2 Objective 262
2 Materials and Methods 263
2.1 Phase I: Experimental Protocol Definition 263
2.1.1 Instrumentation 264
2.2 Phase II: Experimental Setting and Data Acquisition 266
2.3 Phase III: Feature Extraction 266
2.4 Phase IV: Feature Classification 267
2.5 Phase V: Evaluation 268
3 Results and Discussion 269
4 Conclusions 273
Acknowledgements 273
References 274
20 An Innovative Speech-Based Interface to Control AAL and IoT Solutions to Help People with Speech and Motor Disability 277
Abstract 277
1 Introduction 278
1.1 The CloudCAST Project and Environmental Control 278
2 Materials and Methods 279
2.1 A Single Multi-standard Access Point 279
2.1.1 Basic Automation Functions Available in the Prototype 280
2.2 Implementing the Prototype 281
2.3 Integrating IoT Devices and Low Cost ICT Solution 281
3 Results and Discussion 282
3.1 A Completely Hands-Free Home Control Interface 282
3.2 The CloudCAST Based Solution 282
4 Conclusion 285
Acknowledgements 286
References 286
21 Fall Risk Evaluation by Electromyography Solutions 287
Abstract 287
1 Introduction 288
2 Materials and Methods 288
2.1 Hardware Architecture 288
2.2 Software Architecture 290
3 Results 291
4 Conclusion 292
Acknowledgements 293
References 293
22 Semantic Knowledge Management and Integration Services for AAL 294
Abstract 294
1 Introduction 295
2 The Vision 296
3 The Integration Services 297
3.1 Supporting the Signaling Capabilities Through the Information Dispatching Service 299
3.1.1 The Architectural Model 299
3.1.2 The Subscription Protocol 301
3.1.3 Cancelling Subscriptions 302
3.2 The Data Persistence Through the Semantic Repository 303
4 The Conducted Experiments 303
5 Conclusion 305
Acknowledgements 305
References 305
Experiments, Evaluation and Lessons Learnt 307
23 ASTRO: Autism Support Therapy by RObot Interaction 308
Abstract 308
1 Introduction 308
2 Materials and Methods 309
3 Technology 310
4 Results 313
Acknowledgments 314
References 314
24 MARIO Project: A Multicenter Survey About Companion Robot Acceptability in Caregivers of Patients with Dementia 315
Abstract 315
1 Introduction 316
2 Materials and Methods 318
3 Results 319
3.1 Acceptability and Functionality of Caring Service Robot 320
3.2 Support Devices and Impact of Caring Service Robot 320
3.3 Effects of Sex and Age of the Caregivers 323
3.4 Effects of Educational Level and Caregiving Types of the Caregivers 327
4 Discussion 327
5 Conclusion 330
Acknowledgements 331
Appendix 1: Mario Questionnaire on the Use of Companion Robotics 331
References 339
25 Enhancing the Interactive Services of a Telepresence Robot for AAL: Developments and a Psycho-physiological Assessment 341
Abstract 341
1 Motivation and Context 342
1.1 The GIRAFFPLUS Telecare System 343
1.2 User Needs from Fielded Deployment 343
2 Technological Improvements of the Robotic Platform 345
2.1 @Home Services 345
2.2 Multimodal Communication Module 346
2.2.1 Robot Actions 347
2.2.2 Gesture e Speech Recognition 347
3 User Evaluation and HRI Experiments 349
3.1 Method 350
3.1.1 Participants 350
3.1.2 Materials and Instruments 350
3.1.3 Experimental Procedure 350
3.1.4 Signal Processing 352
3.1.5 Statistical Analysis 353
3.2 Results 353
3.2.1 Psychological Self-report Measures 353
3.2.2 Results on Physiological Correlates 354
Psychophysiological correlates of usability 355
Psychophysiological correlates of affective status 357
4 Discussions 358
Acknowledgements 360
References 360
26 Evaluating SpeakyAcutattile: A System Based on Spoken Language for Ambient Assisted Living 362
Abstract 362
1 Introduction 363
2 The SpeakyAcutattile Platform 365
3 Method 367
3.1 Participants 367
3.2 Materials and Metrics 368
3.2.1 Ad Hoc Questionnaire on Task Satisfaction 368
3.2.2 Subjective Assessment of Speech System Interfaces (SASSI) 369
3.2.3 Performance Metrics 370
3.3 Experimental Procedure 370
3.4 Statistical Analysis 372
4 Results and Discussion 372
4.1 Overall Satisfaction 373
4.2 Single Module Satisfaction 376
5 Conclusions 377
Acknowledgements 377
References 378
27 Quantify Yourself: Are Older Adults Ready? 380
Abstract 380
1 Introduction 381
2 Related Work 382
3 Interview Study of Health Tracking in Older Adults 383
4 Results 385
4.1 Two Types of Indicators: Health and Wellness 385
4.2 Measurement and Tracking: Two Different Sub-phases 386
4.3 Tools for Measuring and Tracking: Artefacts and Mind 387
4.4 Sharing: Of Artefacts, Not of Tracked Data 389
4.5 Perception of Active Involvement During Measurement and Tracking 389
4.6 Barriers to Tracking 390
5 Conclusion 391
Acknowledgements 392
References 392
28 Telemedicine for Dementia-Affected Patients: The AAL-ACCESS Project Experience 393
Abstract 393
1 Introduction 393
2 Materials and Methods 395
3 Clinical Aspects 398
4 Results 402
5 Discussion 404
Acknowledgements 404
Further Reading 405