Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks (eBook)

Shweta Pandit has received B. Tech. (Honours) degree from Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India in 2010. She also received M. Tech. and Ph D degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, India in 2012 and 2015, respectively. Currently, she is working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, India. Her area of research interests is next generation communication system, cognitive radio, wireless network, and capacity enhancement and interference reduction in wireless channel. Professor G. Singh received PhD degree in Electronics Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, in 2000. He was associated with Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, and Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, India, respectively, where he was Research Scientist. He had also worked as an Assistant Professor at Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Nirma University of Science and Technology, Ahmedabad, India. He was a Visiting Researcher at the Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. At present, he is Professor with the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Wakanaghat, Solan, India. He is an author/co-author of more than 200 scientific papers of the refereed Journal and International Conferences. His research and teaching interests include RF/Microwave Engineering, Millimeter/THz Wave Antennas and its Applications in Communication and Imaging, Next Generation Communication Systems (OFDM and Cognitive Radio), and Nanophotonics. He has more than 14 years of teaching and research experience in the area of Electromagnetic/Microwave Engineering, Wireless Communication and Nanophotonics. He has supervised various Ph. D. and M. Tech. theses. He has worked as a reviewer for several reputed Journals and Conferences. He is author of two books “Terahertz Planar Antennas for Next Generation Communication” and “MOSFET Technologies for Double-Pole Four-Throw Radio-Frequency Switch” published by Springer.

Preface 5
Special Acknowledgements 10
Contents 11
About the Authors 15
List of Figures 17
List of Tables 23
1 Cognitive Radio Communication System: Spectrum Sharing Techniques 24
1.1 Introduction 24
1.2 Functions of Cognitive Radio 27
1.2.1 Spectrum Sensing 27
1.2.2 Spectrum Analysis 28
1.2.3 Spectrum Sharing/Management 28
1.2.4 Spectrum Mobility 29
1.3 Cognitive Radio Network Architecture 30
1.4 Spectrum Allocation Performance 32
1.5 Spectrum Access Techniques 33
1.6 Spectrum Sharing Techniques and Related Work 35
1.6.1 Power Control 35
1.6.2 Game Theory 38
1.6.3 Multiple Antennas 40
1.6.4 Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol 43
1.7 Potential Challenges 44
1.8 Summary 49
References 50
2 Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks: Potential Challenges and Future Perspective 57
2.1 Introduction 57
2.2 Spectrum Sensing Techniques 58
2.3 Non-cooperative/Transmitter Detection 62
2.3.1 Energy Detection 63
2.3.2 Matched Filter Detection 67
2.3.3 Cyclostationary Feature Detection 69
2.4 Cooperative Detection 74
2.5 Interference Temperature 81
2.6 The Spectrum Sensing Hybrid Model 83
2.7 Threshold Setting 84
2.8 Potential Spectrum Sensing Challenges 87
2.9 Summary 90
References 92
3 Medium Access Control Protocol for the Distributed Cognitive Radio Network 98
3.1 Introduction 98
3.2 Related Work 99
3.3 MAC Protocol and System Design 106
3.3.1 System Model 106
3.3.2 Proposed MAC Protocol 107
3.4 Performance Analysis 111
3.4.1 Sensing-Sharing Analysis 112
3.4.2 Contention Analysis 114
3.4.3 Data Transmission and Throughput Analysis 116
3.5 Simulation Results 117
3.6 Summary and Future Direction 121
References 123
4 Distributed Cognitive Radio Medium Access Control Protocol in Perfect and Imperfect Channel Sensing Scenarios 126
4.1 Introduction 126
4.2 Related Work and Problem Formulation 127
4.3 Mathematical Modeling 132
4.3.1 Sensing-Sharing Interval Analysis 132
4.3.1.1 Perfect Sensing 132
4.3.1.2 Imperfect Sensing 133
4.3.2 Contention Interval Analysis 134
4.3.3 Data Transmission Interval Analysis 136
4.3.3.1 Throughput for Perfect Sensing 137
4.3.3.2 Throughput for Imperfect Sensing 137
4.4 Energy Efficiency 137
4.4.1 Energy Consumed in the Sensing-Sharing Interval 138
4.4.2 Energy Consumed in the Contention Interval 139
4.4.3 Energy Consumed in the Data Transmission Interval 139
4.5 Results and Discussion 140
4.6 Summary 149
References 149
5 Throughput Enhancement Using Bandwidth Wastage in MAC Protocol of the Distributed Cognitive Radio Network 152
5.1 Introduction 152
5.2 System Model 154
5.2.1 Proposed Method 154
5.3 Performance Analysis 156
5.3.1 Sensing-Sharing Analysis 156
5.3.2 Data Transmission and Throughput Analysis 158
5.4 Results and Discussion 159
5.5 Summary 163
References 163
6 Power Allocation for Optimal Energy Efficiency in MAC Protocol of Cognitive Radio Communication Systems 165
6.1 Introduction 165
6.2 System Model 168
6.3 Problem Formulation and Performance Analysis 168
6.4 Simulation Results 171
6.5 Summary 175
References 176
7 Frame Structure for Throughput Maximization in Cognitive Radio Communication 178
7.1 Introduction 178
7.2 System Model and Problem Formulation 182
7.2.1 Cognitive Receiver Structure 183
7.2.2 Frame Structure 184
7.3 Throughput Analysis 186
7.4 Simulation Results 188
7.5 Summary 192
References 193
8 Capacity Limits Over Fading Environment with Imperfect Channel State Information for Cognitive Radio Networks 195
8.1 Introduction 195
8.2 Related Work 196
8.3 System Model 199
8.4 Ergodic and Outage Capacity 201
8.4.1 Power Constraints 201
8.4.2 Ergodic Capacity 202
8.4.2.1 Optimal Power Allocation Under Peak Transmit Power and Peak Interference Power Constraints 203
8.4.2.2 Optimal Power Allocation Under Peak Transmit Power and Average Interference Power Constraints 204
8.4.2.3 Power Consumption of Cognitive Transmitter Without Primary User’s Interference 206
8.4.3 Outage Capacity 206
8.4.3.1 Optimal Power Allocation Under Peak Transmit Power and Peak Interference Power Constraints 206
8.4.3.2 Optimal Power Allocation Under Peak Interference Power Constraints 207
8.4.3.3 Power Consumption of Cognitive Transmitter Without Primary User’s Interference 207
8.5 Simulation and Analysis 208
8.6 Summary 213
References 215
9 Channel Capacity of Cognitive Radio in a Fading Environment with CSI and Interference Power Constraints 218
9.1 Introduction 218
9.2 Spectrum Sharing System 221
9.2.1 System Model 221
9.2.2 Spectrum Sensing Module 221
9.3 Rate and Power Adaptation Policy for M-QAM 223
9.4 Effect of Channel Conditions 228
9.4.1 Rayleigh Fading 229
9.4.2 Rician Fading 230
9.5 Simulation Results 231
9.6 Summary 239
References 239
10 Framework for Cross-Layer Optimization in Cognitive Radio Network 242
10.1 Introduction 242
10.2 Cross-Layer Optimization 247
10.3 Energy Efficiency and Cross-Layer Design 256
10.4 Potential Challenges in Cross-Layer Design 261
10.5 Summary 263
References 263
Index 269