Historical Buildings and Energy (eBook)

Dr. Giovanna Franco architect, PhD is Associate Professor in Technology of Architecture at the University of Genoa, Italy and Director of the Graduate School (post master) in Architectural Heritage and Landscape of the same University. Her research topics include: Traditional Architecture, methodologies and techniques for its renovation; Maintenance, Upgrading and Enhancement of 20th Century Built Heritage; Technological Innovation, Sustainability and Energy Efficiency in Historical Context and Protected Landscape. She has been scientific responsible in several national researches and involved in international ones (5FP Growth 2000, Culture 2000, Medplan, Erasmus+). Dr. Anna Magrini is Full Professor in Building Physics at the University of Pavia, Italy. Her research interests include: Acoustics, Noise Pollution, Air-conditioning, Hygrometric problems of building structures, Heat transfer, Ventilation, Energy performance of buildings, Calculation models, Environmental, Acoustic and Lighting Comfort. Dr. Magrini coordinates and participates in projects of Italian national interest investigating the energy performance of existing buildings, acoustics, urban quality and health perception.

Part I Methodology1Contexts and Methodology(Giovanna Franco)1.1 The Main Principles1.1.1 Heritage as an Active Resource1.1.2 Heritage and Sustainability: Aporias and Conflicts1.2 The Contexts1.2.1Research and Technological Innovation1.2.2Technical Regulations and Guidelines1.3 The Questions1.3.1The Smart Grid System and Historical Heritage1.3.2Quality of the Renovation Process and Sustainable Management1.3.3The Role of the Tools1.4Energy Efficiency in Historical Heritage and Applied Research1.4.1The System of Knowledge, Data Acquisition, Cataloguing and Management1.4.2 The Evaluations1.4.3 The Strategies1.5 The Structure of the BookReferences2 Conserving-Restoring for the Future What we Inherited from the Past(Stefano F. Musso)2.1 The Reasons of Conservation-Restoration of Built Environment Today2.2 A Brief Historical Profile of the Discipline 2.3 Methodological and Operational Issues and Tools2.4 Studies and Researches2.5 Values, Impacts, Consequences of the Conservation-Restoration Interventions2.6 The Specificity of any Conservation-Restoration Project2.7 Conservation-Restoration as an Open and Transversal Field2.8 New Reasons and Challenges for Conservation-Restoration in the Future WorldReferences3Energy Efficiency and HVAC system in existing and historical buildings(Francesca d'Ambrosio Alfano, Livio de Santoli)3.1 Introduction3.2 The EN 16883 Standard3.3 AiCARR's Guide3.3.1 The Energy Efficiency as Preservation Tool3.3.2 HVAC Systems in Historical Buildings3.3.3 Thermal Insulation og the Envelope of Historical Buildings3.3.4 AiCARR’s Procedure to Improve the Energy Efficiency in Historical Buildings3.3.5 Energy Efficiency and Cultural Landscape: a Tool to Assess their Integration3.4 ConclusionsReferences4Thermal Behaviour of Historical Buildings, Materials and Components: Methodological Framework, Calculation, Results(Anna Magrini)4.1 Introduction4.2 The Calculation Method of the Energy Performance of Buildings4.3 Main Parameters for the Thermal Characterization of Walls4.3.1 Thermal Transmittance4. 3.2 Thermal Bridges4.3.3 Dynamic Thermal Characteristics of the Envelope4.3.4 Vapour Transmission through Walls4.4 Some Typologies of Walls and their Characteristics4.5 Thermo-hygrometric Analysis in the Energy Refurbishment2.5.1 Effects of the Insulation on Historic Building WallsReferencesPart II Enhancing Energy Efficiency in a Monumental Complex: a Feasibility Study5 Energy and Heritage. Development on a Case Study(Giovanna Franco)5.1 The Complex of the Albergo dei Poveri in Genoa5.2 Brief History of the Settlement5.3 Morphological and Architectural Features5.4 Current Use of the Building5.5 For a Sustainable Cognitive Approach: Acquisition, Cataloguing and Management of Information5.6 Improving the Energy Performance of the Complex: a Feasibility StudyReferences6Constructive Techniques in Historical Buildings(Simonetta Acacia, Marta Casanova)6.1 Introduction6.2 The Elevation Structure: the Walls6.3 Vaults and Wooden Floors6.4 The Roof Structures6.5 The WindowsReferences7Thermal Behaviour and Energy Demand (Giovanna Franco, Marco Cartesegna)7.1 General Masterplan: Identification of New Compatible Uses7.2 Quantifying Energy Needs: Power Demand for Heating7.2.1 Thermal Characteristic of Dispersive Elements: External Walls7.2.2 Roofs7.2.3 Attic floors7.2.4 Windows7.2.5 Prerequisites for the New Uses and Calculation7.3 Energy demand for Hot Water7.4 The Electricity Demand 7.4.1 Electricity Demand for Lighting7.4.2 Electricity Demand for Other Electrical Appliances7.4.3 Measuring the Air Conditioning Systems7.5 Overall Calculation of Energy Consumption7.5.1 Consumption of Electricity and Thermal Energy for Summer Cooling7.5.2 Consumption of electricity and thermal energy for winter heating7.5.3 Electricity consumption for extraction in communal bathrooms7.5.4 Consumption of electricity and thermal energy for hot water7.5.5 Consumption of electricity for lighting and supplying other apparatus8Strategies for Energy Saving and Efficiency: Technical Feasibility, Compatibility, Energy Balance(Giovanna Franco, Marco Cartesegna)8.1 Improving the Thermal Performance of the Historical Buildings8.1.1 Insulation of the Roof 8.2.1 Insulation of the Attic Floors8.2.1.1 Masonry Brick Vaults8.2.1.2 Wooden Structure and Plastered Wattle Vaults8.2.1.3 Brick Arches and Plastered Wattle Vaults8.2.1.4 Reinforced Concrete Floors8.2.1.5 Plasterboard Ceilings8.3.1 Insulation of the External Walls8.4.1 External Windows: Conservation, Restoration and Addition8.2 Energy Gains from the Insulating Techniques8.3 The Cogeneration System: Installation of Micro-turbines8.3.1 Preliminary Analysis of the Cogeneration Units8.3.2 Coverage of Thermal and Electrical Loads through Cogeneration Units8.3.3 Calculation during Winter and Summer Periods8.3.4 Operation Mode of "Thermal Tracking" Cogenerators8.4 Micro-generation through Solar EnergyReferences9Impacts of Solar-powered Panels on the Historical Environment(Giovanna Franco)9.1 Efficacy, Efficiency and Life Cycle Assessment9.2 Means and Aims: Integration, Mimesis and Alteration9.3 Identification of the Factors and Criteria for Compatibility9.4 Compatibility Criteria: General Recommendations9.4.1 Interventions on historical buildings, either isolated or aggregated9.4.2 Intervention on flat roofs9.4.3 Interventions on annexes to the building or projecting elements9.4.4 Interventions on recently constructed buildings9.5 Recommendations relating to Quantitative and Qualitative Factors9.5.1Surface area and coverage ratio9.5.2 Height9.5.3 Width 9.5.4 Shape 9.5.5 Colour 9.5.6 Texture9.5.6 Tilt9.5.6 Attachment/anchoring method9.5.7 Arrangement: discrete or continuous9.5.8 Aggregation, proportion and alignment References