Principles and Modern Applications of Mass Transfer Operations (eBook)

Jaime Benítez taught mass transfer operations for chemical engineers for 35 years. He earned his PhD in Environmental Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in 1976. He is a retired professor of the Chemical Engineering Department, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez.

Preface to the Third Edition xvi

Preface to the Second Edition xvii

Preface to the First Edition xix

Nomenclature xxi

1. Fundamentals of Mass Transfer 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Molecular Mass Transfer 3

1.4 Steady-State Molecular Diffusion in Fluids 37

1.5 Steady-State Diffusion in Solids 56

1.6 Diffusion with Homogeneous Reaction 65

1.7 Analogies among Molecular Transfer Phenomena 71

Problems 72

References 89

2. Convective Mass Transfer 91

2.1 Introduction 91

2.2 Mass-Transfer Coefficients 92

2.3 Dimensional Analysis 97

2.4 Flow Past A Flat Plate; Boundary Layer Theory 103

2.5 Mass- And Heat-Transfer Analogies 110

2.6 Convective Mass-Transfer Correlations 119

2.7 Multicomponent Mass-Transfer Coefficients 140

Problems 142

References 156

3. Interphase Mass Transfer 158

3.1 Introduction 158

Equilibrium 158

3.3 Diffusion between Phases 163

3.4 Material Balances 179

3.5 Equilibrium-Stage Operations 198

Problems 206

References 220

4. Equipment for Gas-Liquid Mass-Transfer 221

4.1 Introduction 221

4.2 Gas-Liquid Operations: Liquid Dispersed 221

4.3 Gas-Liquid Operations: Gas Dispersed 242

Problems 266

References 280

5. Absorption and Stripping 281

5.1 Introduction 281

5.2 Countercurrent Multistage Equipment 282

5.3 Countercurrent Continuous-Contact Equipment 290

5.4 Thermal Effects during Absorption And Stripping 299

Problems 306

References 318

6. Distillation 319

6.1 Introduction 319

6.2 Single-Stage Operation: Flash Vaporization 320

6.3 Differential Distillation 325

6.4 Continuous Rectification: Binary Systems 328

6.5 McCabe-Thiele Method for Trayed Towers 328

6.6 Binary Distillation in Packed Towers 358

6.7 Multicomponent Distillation 363

6.8 Fenske-Underwood-Gilliland Method 366

6.9 Rigorous Calculation Procedures for Multicomponent Distillation 379

6.10 Batch Distillation 383

PROBLEMS 391

References 404

7. Liquid-Liquid Extraction 406

7.1 Introduction 406

7.2 Liquid Equilibria 407

7.3 Stagewise Liquid-Liquid Extraction 413

7.4 Equipment for Liquid-Liquid Extraction 435

Problems 448

References 456

8. Humidification Operations 457

8.1 Introduction 457

8.2 Equilibrium Considerations 458

8.3 Adiabatic Gas-Liquid Contact Operations 468

Problems 479

References 484

9. Membranes, Solid Sorption Agents 485

9.1 Introduction 485

9.2 Mass Transfer in Membranes 486

9.3 Equilibrium in Porous Sorbents 498

9.4 Mass Transfer in Fixed Beds of Porous Sorbents 507

9.5 Applications of Membrane-Separation Processes 520

9.6 Applications of Sorption Processes 532

Problems 537

References 544

Appendix A Binary Diffusion Coefficients 545

Appendix B Lennard-Jones Constants 548

Appendix C Solution of Maxwell-Stefan Equations 550

Appendix D Packed-Column Design Program 552

Appendix E Sieve-Tray Design Program 558

Appendix F-1 McCabe-Thiele: Liquid Feed 564

Appendix F-2 McCabe-Thiele: Vapor Feed 568

Appendix G-1 Single-Stage Extraction 572

Appendix G-2 Multistage Crosscurrent Extraction 574

Appendix H Constants and Unit Conversions 578

Index 580