Athtart (eBook)

Cover 1
Preface 8
Table of Contents 10
List of Abbreviations 12
List of Illustrations and Tables 17
Chapter 1: Introduction 18
A. Review of Previous Scholarship 20
B. A New Method for the Study of Deities 29
C. The Development and Etymology of *?A?tar- and *?A?tart- 33
Chapter 2: Athtart in Egypt 44
A. Review of Previous Scholarship 45
B. The Linguistic Data 48
C. The Equestrian Forms of Athtar(t) 54
D. Adaptation of the Equestrian Forms of Athtar(t) 68
E. Syrian Athtar and the “Magico-Medical” Athtart 79
F. Summary and Conclusion 87
Chapter 3: Athtart at Emar 89
A. The History of Emar 90
B. The Linguistic Data 93
C. Evidence for Agricultural Forms of Aštart 96
D. Evidence for Urban Forms of Aštart 105
E. The Coexistence of Agricultural and Urban Forms of Aštart 119
F. Summary and Conclusion 120
G. Excursus: Other Forms of Aštart at Emar 121
Chapter 4: Athtart at Ugarit 124
A. Ritual Transmission and the King 125
B. Orality and Literacy in the Ugaritic Language 138
C. Verbal Transmission, Cult Singers, and Scribes 142
D. Other Forms of Athtart at Ugarit 155
E. Summary and Conclusion 159
Chapter 5: Conclusion 161
A. Further Case Studies 163
B. Theoretical Expansions 165
Bibliography 170
Index of References 186
Akkadian 186
Ancient South Arabian 187
Aramaic 187
Egyptian 187
Ge’ez 187
Greek 187
Hebrew (Biblical Citations) 187
Hittite 188
Moabite 188
Phoenician 188
Sumerian 188
Ugaritic 188
Index of Modern Authors 190
Index of Subjects 193