Sustainability Improvements in the Concrete Industry (eBook)

Carlo Pellegrino is Full Professor of Structural Analysis and Design at the Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering of the University of Padova, Italy. He was coordinator/scientist-in-charge of several national and international research projects mainly in the field of assessment of existing structures, seismic behaviour of structures and bridges in particular, innovative materials for strengthening/retrofitting existing structures and new concrete applications mainly related to the use of recycled components. He was Chairman of the RILEM Technical Committee 234-DUC "Design procedures for the use of composites in strengthening of Reinforced Concrete structures" and member of several other Technical Committees. Pellegrino is also a member of the Editorial Advisory Committee of the international journal “Materials and Structures” (Springer) and other international journals. He is author of over 250 scientific publications, many of them in referred international journals.Flora Faleschini is a Postdoctoral Research fellow at the Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Padova, Italy, where she achieved a PhD in Civil and Environmental Engineering Sciences. Her research interests include structural behavior of reinforced concrete structures, mechanical and durability properties of concretes with recycled components, including recycled aggregates, slag and supplementary cementing materials, LCA analysis, concrete damage and deterioration, maintenance of relevant/strategic RC structures, fresh concrete rheology. She is a reviewer for a number of international journals and author of several scientific publications, many of them in referred International Journals.   

Contents 6
List of Figures 9
List of Tables 12
1 Introduction 14
1.1 Objectives of the Book 14
2 Recycled Aggregates for Concrete Production: State-of-the-Art 17
2.1 Construction and Demolition Waste 17
2.1.1 Processing Procedures for Recycled Aggregates Production 20
2.1.2 International Codes, Guidelines and Regulations 21
2.1.3 RAC Concrete—Mixture Proportioning 27
2.1.4 RAC Concrete—Mechanical Properties 29
2.1.5 RAC Concrete—Durability 30
2.1.6 RAC Concrete—Structural Concrete 31
2.2 Metallurgical Slag 32
2.2.1 EAF Slag—Characterization 35
2.2.2 EAF Slag Concrete 37
2.3 Fly Ash 39
References 41
3 Workability and Rheology of Fresh Recycled Aggregate Concrete 47
3.1 Introduction 47
3.2 Rheology Background 49
3.2.1 Rheological Models and Flow Curve Equations 49
3.2.2 Bingham Parameters 52
3.2.3 Time-Dependent Behavior 54
3.2.4 Stability and Segregation 55
3.2.5 Relative Contributions on the Behavior of Fresh Concrete 55
3.2.6 Governing Equations 58
3.3 Test Methods for Evaluating Fresh Concrete Properties 59
3.4 Evaluation of Rheological Parameters with Coaxial Cylinders Viscometer 65
3.4.1 Reiner-Riwlin Equation 66
3.4.2 Plug Flow and Gravel Migration Influence 70
3.4.3 Rheographs 73
3.5 Mix Proportion Design of Coarse Recycled Aggregate Concrete and Its Effect on Workability 73
3.5.1 DVR, DWR and EMV Proportioning Methods 74
3.5.2 Slump Test Results 78
3.5.3 Viscometric Results 79
3.5.4 Slump—Yield Stress Relation 82
3.6 Conclusions 85
Acknowledgments 86
References 86
4 Electric Arc Furnace Slag Concrete 89
4.1 Introduction 89
4.2 EAF Slag Properties 90
4.2.1 Physical Properties 90
4.2.2 Chemical Composition 92
4.3 Ordinary Strength Concrete with EAF Aggregates 94
4.3.1 Fresh Concretes Properties 94
4.3.2 Mechanical Properties 97
4.3.3 Durability-Related Properties 99
4.3.4 Structural Behavior of RC Beams with EAF Concrete 103
4.4 High Strength Concrete with EAF Aggregates 109
4.4.1 Fresh and Hardened Concrete Properties 110
4.4.2 Durability-Related Concrete Properties 114
4.5 Conclusions 116
Acknowledgments 117
References 117
5 Sustainability of Recycled Concretes Through Life Cycle Assessment 119
5.1 Introduction 119
5.2 Recycled Aggregates and Potential Environmental Issues 121
5.3 Sustainability Indicators 122
5.3.1 Life Cycle Assessment 123
5.3.2 Abiotic Depletion and Exhaustion Time Indicators 129
5.3.3 Land Use 130
5.4 LCA of Natural and Recycled Aggregates 131
5.4.1 Natural Aggregates 131
5.4.2 Electric Arc Furnace Slag Aggregates 136
5.5 LCA of Concretes with Recycled Aggregates 138
5.5.1 Concrete with EAF Slag 139
5.5.2 The Influence of Cement Content on Concrete Emissions 141
5.5.3 The Influence of Aggregates Specific Weight on Concrete Emissions: System Boundary Expansion 142
5.5.4 The Choice of the Functional Unit 144
5.6 Natural Aggregates Depletion at Local Scale 145
5.7 Land Use Preservation 147
5.8 Conclusions 149
Acknowledgments 150
References 150
6 Experimental Database of EAF Slag Use in Concrete 153
6.1 Introduction 153
6.2 Physical Properties 153
6.3 Chemical Composition 155
6.4 Mineralogy 155
6.5 Leaching 161
6.6 Application in Concrete as Recycled Aggregate 164
6.7 Conclusion 184
References 185